Identification key for well and medium developed males

1 (10) Scutellar shield impunctate or indistinctly shallowly punctate, frontal horn simple or furcate apically.

2 (5) Frontal horn simple; genae evenly rounded; oblique keel above eyes over whole eyes length; head strongly constricted behind eyes.

3 (4) Frontal horn directed forwards and upwards in lateral view; clypeus with short transversal carina; scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide; body surface brownish, maximal body length 14 mm. Southern parts of Central Europe, Alsace, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. ................................... .................................................................... B. unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789)

4 (3) Frontal horn bending not forwards (Figs 19–20); transversal clypeal carina absent; scutellar shield triangular longer than wide; body surface blackish, maximal body length 13 mm (Figs 6–7, 38); aedeagus as in Fig. 65; Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia (Fig. 59). ............................................... B. vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898)

5 (2) Frontal horn furcate apically; genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eyes reaching only to anterior part of eyes; head not strongly constricted behind eyes.

6 (7) Frontal horn short and not longer than broad, horn apex approximately as wide as horn base (Figs 2, 15, 22); pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameters; pronotal base with distinct visible but fine, regularly pinned points; elytral striae well impressed, visible as complete lines; elytral intervals moderately convex; aedeagus as in Fig. 61; Spain (Fig. 59). ................................. B. brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov.

7 (6) Frontal horn long, longer than broad, horn becoming gradually thinner from base to apex (Figs 1, 5, 14, 18, 21, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 57); pronotal punctation sparser, punctures separated by approximately three times their diameters; pronotal base with very fine, weakly visible and well separated pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, visible as row of punctures; elytral intervals flat; nothern Africa.

8 (9) Base of frontal horn situated at level of anterior part of eyes; horn sharply keeled from base to half of its length in dorsal aspect (Figs 1, 14, 21, 27, 33); medial hornlike apophysis of pronotum directed vertically upwards in lateral aspect, subapical protrusion situated basally; lateral hornlike apophyses of pronotum directed forwards and weakly divergent; aedeagus as in Fig. 60; Algeria and Morocco (Fig. 59). ............................................................................... B. bocchus (Erichson, 1841)

9 (8) Base of frontal horn situated at level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled from base to apex in dorsal view (Figs 5, 18, 25, 31, 37, 57); medial hornlike apophysis of pronotum directed obliquely forwards in lateral aspect, subapical protrusion situated near apex; lateral hornlike apophyses of pronotum directed forwards; aedeagus as in Fig 64; Egypt, Libya and Tunisia (Fig. 59). ................................................ ............................................... B. nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov.

10 (1) Scutellar shield densely punctate; frontal horn simple apically.

11 (12) Apex of frontal horn approximately as wide as horn base, apex broadly acute-angled, strongly flattened on front part of apex (Figs 3, 16, 23, 29, 35); aedeagus as in Fig. 62; France (including Corsica), Portugal and Spain (Fig. 59). ................................... ....................................................................................... B. gallicus (Mulsant, 1842)

12 (11) Apex of frontal horn becoming gradually thinner from base to apex, apex acute-angled, only weakly flattened on front part of apex (Figs 4, 17, 24, 30, 36); aedeagus as in Fig. 63; Spain, Gibraltar (Fig. 59). ................ B. howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov.

Identification key for less developed males

1 (10) Scutellar shield impunctate or weakly shallowly punctate, frontal horn simple or furcate apically.

2 (5) Frontal horn simple; genae regularly rounded; oblique keel above eyes extending over whole eyes length; head strongly constricted behind eyes.

3 (4) Scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide; body surface brownish, maximal body length 12 mm. Southern parts of Central Europe, Alsace, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. .... B. unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789)

4 (3) Scutellar shield triangular, longer than wide; body surface blackish, maximal body length 11 mm; aedeagus as in Fig. 65; Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia (Fig. 59). ....................................................................... B. vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898)

5 (2) Frontal horn furcate apically; genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eyes reaching only to anterior part of eyes; head not strongly constricted behind eyes.

6 (7) Pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameters; pronotal base with distinct visible but fine, regularly spaced pinned points, elytral striae well impressed, visible as complete lines; elytral intervals moderately convex; aedeagus as in Fig. 61; Spain (Fig. 59). ...................................................................... B. brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov.

7 (6) Pronotal punctation sparser, punctures separated by approximately three times their diameters pronotal base with very fine, weakly visible and well separated pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, visible as row of punctures; elytral intervals flat; northern Africa.

8 (9) Base of frontal horn situated at level of anterior part of eyes; horn sharply keeled basally only; aedeagus as in Fig. 60; Algeria and Morocco (Fig. 59). ....................... ...................................................................................... B. bocchus (Erichson, 1841)

9 (8) Base of frontal horn situated at level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled from base to apex in dorsal view; aedeagus as in Fig. 64; Egypt, Libya and Tunisia (Fig. 59). ............................... B. nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov.

10 (1) Scutellar shield densely punctate; frontal horn simple apically.

11 (12) Apex of frontal horn flattened on front part of apex; aedeagus as in Fig 62; France (including Corsica), Portugal and Spain (Fig. 59). ....... B. gallicus (Mulsant, 1842)

12 (11) Apex of frontal horn regularly arcuate, not flattened on front part of apex; aedeagus as in Fig. 63; Spain, Gibraltar (Fig. 59). ............ B. howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov.

Identification key for females

1 (10) Scutellar shield impunctate, or weakly shallowly punctate.

2 (5) Frontal tubercle simple (Figs 41, 42, 44); genae regularly rounded; oblique keel above eyes over whole length of eyes; head strongly constricted behind eyes.

3 (4) Scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide; body surface brownish, minimal body length 12 mm. Southern parts of Central Europe, Alsace, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. .... B. unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789)

4 (3) Scutellar shield triangular longer than wide; body surface blackish, minimal body length 11 mm (Fig 13); Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia (Fig. 59). ........................ ....................................................................... B. vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898)

5 (2) Frontal tubercle furcate apically (Figs 39–40, 43); genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eyes reaching only to anterior part of eyes; head not strongly constricted behind eyes.

6 (7) Pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameters; pronotal base with distinct visible but fine, regularly pinned points; elytral striae well impressed, visible as complete lines; elytral intervals moderately convex (Fig. 9); Spain (Fig. 59). ................................... ............................................................................. B. brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov.

7 (6) Pronotal punctation sparser, punctures separated by approximately three times their diameters pronotal base with very fine weak visible and well separated pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, visible as row of punctures; elytral intervals flat; northern Africa.

8 (9) Base of frontal tubercle situated at level of anterior part of eyes; tubercle sharply keeled basally only in dorsal view (Fig. 8); Algeria and Morocco (Fig. 59). ............ ...................................................................................... B. bocchus (Erichson, 1841)

9 (8) Base of frontal tubercle situated at level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled from base to apex in dorsal view (Fig. 12); Egypt, Libya and Tunisia (Fig. 59). ...... ............................................... B. nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov.

10 (1) Scutellar shield densely punctate.

11 (12) France (including Corse), Portugal and Spain (see distribution map on Fig. 59 for details). ......................................................................... B. gallicus (Mulsant, 1842)

12 (11) Spain, Gibraltar (see distribution map on Fig. 59, for details). .................................. ............................................................................ B. howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov.