3. Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem.

Figs 13–14

Familiarum Naturalium Regni Vegetabilis Synopses Monographicae 3, Rosiflorae: 216 (Roemer 1847).

Pyrus sieversii Ledeb., Flora Altaica Vol. 2: 222 (Ledebour 1830).

– Type: CHINA • Xinjiang, Tarbagatai, near Ust-Kamenogorsk (Kazakhstan); s.d.; fr; Dr. Sieverss s.n.; lectotype: LE[LE01053104]!; isolectotype: LE [LE01053105, LE01053106]!, designated by Langenfeld 1991: 171 .

Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck., Neuheiten-Offerte des National-Arboretums zu Zöschen: 16 (Dieck 1891). – Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck.) Langenf., Yablonya. Morfologichyeskaya evolyutziya, filogyeniya, geografiya, sistyematika roga: 171 (Langenfeld 1991).

Malus hissarica Kudr., Plodovii Shakhrisyabza: 158 (Kudrjaschev 1950). – Malus sieversii subsp. hissarica (Kudr.) Langenf., Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (Langenfeld 1971), without basionym ref. – Malus sieversii subsp. hissarica (Kudr.) Likhonos, Trudy po prikladnoi botanike genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 24 (Likhonos 1974). – Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Ponomar., Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 61 (7): 998 (Ponomarenko 1976).

– Type: UZBEKISTAN • North slopes of the Hissar Range, bass . R. Kashka-Daria. Northern coures of the river. Tankhas, above K. Chopuh; 1 Aug 1937; Kudryashev 1330; holotype: TASH, designated by Langenfelds 1991: 172.

Malus chitralensis Vassilcz., Flora Iranica 66: 38. (Browicz et al. 1969). – Malus sieversii var. chitralensis (Vassilcz.) Ponomar., Sbornik nauchnykh Trudov po prikladnoi botanike, genetike i selektsii 146: 7 (Ponomarenko 1992).

– Type: PAKISTAN • Chitral, Rumbour; alt. 7500 ft; 8 May 1958; fl; S.A. Bowes Lyon 679; isotype: BM [BM000602198]!, E [E00010842]!

Malus sieversii f. cerea Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 15 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. flava Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 14 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. flavorosea Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 15 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. flavorubens Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. gilva Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 17 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. insipida Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 17 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. laetevirida Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. media Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 15 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. ochrorubra Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. pomacea Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 15 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. purpureofasciata Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. rubrifasciata Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. rubrolateralis Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 17 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. suffusa Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 15 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. viridicerea Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 15 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. viridifasciata Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. viridirubra Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 14 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. viridis Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 14 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. viridula Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 17 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. xanthella Bondarenko ex Korovina & Chernom., Byulleten’ Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova 81: 16 (Korovina & Chernomorskaya 1978), nom. nud.

Malus caspiriensis Langenf., Yablonya. Morfologichyeskaya evolyutziya, filogyeniya, geografiya, sistyematika roga: 181 (Langenfeld 1991), nom. illeg. – Malus sieversii var. caspiriensis (Langenf.) Ponomar., Sbornik nauchnykh Trudov po prikladnoi botanike, genetike i selektsii 146: 8 (Ponomarenko 1992).

– Type: INDIA • Jammu-Kashmir, Sunagai; 9 Aug. 1891; fr.; G.А. Gammi s.n.; holotype: DD, designated by Langenfeld 1991: 181.

Malus sieversii f. linczevskii (Poljakov) Langenf., Yablonya. Morfologichyeskaya evolyutziya, filogyeniya, geografiya, sistyematika roga: 172 (Langenfeld 1991), nom. nud.

Malus sieversii f. longicarpa (В.Bykov) Langenf ., Yablonya. Morfologichyeskaya evolyutziya, filogyeniya, geografiya, sistyematika roga: 172 (Langenfeld 1991), nom. nud.

Examined specimens

CHINA – Qinghai • Xining; 10 May 1990; fl; Z.H. Zhang 5950; HNWP • ibid.; 8 May 1990; fl; Z.H. Zhang et al. 5743; HNWP . – Xinjiang • Aletai; 18 Jul. 1964; fr; G.S. Qin 89; PE • Xinyuan; 3 Sep. 1959; fr; Beijiang Team 1978; PE • ibid.; 21 Aug. 1959; st; Beijiang Team 133; PE • ibid.; 23 Aug. 1959; st; Beijiang Team 161; PE • Gongliu; 1 Sep. 1959; fr; Beijiang Team 182; PE • ibid.; 4 Sep. 1959; fr; Beijiang Team 200; PE • ibid.; 11 May 1959; fl; Beijiang Team 18; PE • ibid.; 30 Apr. 1959; fl; Beijiang Team 8; PE • ibid.; 11 Jul. 1965; fl, fr; Wang et al. 2631; PE • ibid.; 5 May 1959; fl; A.R. Li & J.N. Zhu 10302; PE • Yili; 16 Apr. 1963; fl; Xinjiang Institute for Agricultural Sciences s.n.; PE • ibid.; 12 May 1958; fl; S.H. Yang 0142; PE • Huocheng; 23 Jul. 1991; st; Shimizu et al. 135; PE • Suiding; 1 Sep. 1957; fl, fr; K.J. Guan 4146; PE, XJBI • Tulufan; 17 Sep. 1976; fr; Lu, Gu & Li 71; PE • Kuerle; 22 May 1959; fr; Xindong 00083; PE • locality unknown; 1974; fl, fr; Y.R. Lin 74847; PE .

INDIA – Kashmir • Nurla; 13 Oct. 1932; fl, fr; T.N. Liou 5495; PE • ibid.; 13 Oct. 1932; fl, fr; T.N. Liou 5499; PE .

KYRGYZSTAN – Dzhalal-abad • Aktasch; 25 Sep. 1944; fr; An. Fedorov & E. Iljina 49; PE • ibid.; 17 Aug. 1945; fl; An. Fedorov & E. Iljina 416; PE • Karavan; 25 Aug. 1945; fl; Lyssova 12; PE • Balyktysai; 17 Oct. 1944; fr; An. Fedorov & E. Iljina 210; PE • Sarai; 24 Aug. 1945; fl; An. Fedorov & E. Iljina 445; PE .

UZBEKISTAN – Tieu-Shan • Chatkal Mt. Chimgan; 16 May 2014; fl; H. Sun et al. 17642; KUN • Chofkae Rande Raffasai; 13 May 2014; fl; H. Sun et al. 17558; KUN • ibid.; 15 May 2014; fl; H. Sun et al. 17581; KUN .

Description

Small tree or shrub, 2‒8 m high. Branches terete, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca 3.3 cm long, puberulous. Lamina ca 6.3 × 5.2 cm, elliptical to obovate, base cuneate, usually equilateral, apex acuminate or obtuse, margin crenate to serrulate, blade glabrescent. Inflorescence umbellate, with 3‒5 flowers. Pedicel ca 3 cm long, puberulent. Hypanthium densely lanuginous. Sepals lanceolate to triangular-ovate, densely puberulous, persistent. Petals ca 1.5 × 1.0 cm, obovate. Stamens 20, unequal. Styles 5, rarely 4, as long as or longer than stamens, basally densely puberulent. Pome solitary, ca 2.5‒4.5 cm in diameter, subglobose or oblate, yellow-green, red or fuchsia. Carpopodium ca 2.5‒4.0 cm long, puberulent.

Phenology

Flowers from April to May. Mature fruits from August to October.

Habitat

Terrestrial, seasonally green, growing in the forest on slopes, mountaintop or in valleys near rivers; 1000‒2500 m a.s.l.

Distribution

Central Asia, including China (Qinghai, Xinjiang), Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan (Fig. 13).

Chromosome number

2n = 34.