Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789)

Fig. 46B

Scarabaeus caribaeus Herbst, 1789: 300 (original description). Type locality: French Guiana. Name-bearing type: neotype (MFNB), designated by Jessop (1985), not examined. Note: see Iannuzzi et al. (2023) for a discussion on the authorship of the name.

Eurysternus planus Dalman, 1824: 10 (original description). Type locality: French Guiana. Name-bearing type: holotype (NHRS) (Génier 2009), not examined.

Eurysternus nebulosus Kirsch, 1871: 361 (original description).Type locality: Colombia: Cundinamarca: Bogotá. Name-bearing type: lectotype (SMTD), designated by Jessop (1985), not examined.

Eurysternus peruanus Harold, 1875a: 137 (original description). Type locality: Peru. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Jessop (1985), not examined.

Eurysternus planus – Dejean 1836: 160 (catalogue, cited as “ Eurysternus planus Dej ”). — Castelnau 1840: 92 (redescription).— Harold 1869d: 1023 (synonym of Eurysternus caribaeus, catalogue). — Bruch 1911:182 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Gillet 1911b: 25 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Blackwelder 1944: 197 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Martínez 1959: 20 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Jessop 1985: 1102 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Génier 2009: 214 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Camero 2010: 164 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus).

Eurysternus caribaeus – Harold 1869d: 1023 (catalogue, distribution); 1880: 13 (distribution). — Bruch 1911: 182 (cited for Argentina). — Gillet 1911b: 25 (catalogue). — Boucomont 1928b: 1 (list). — Blackwelder 1944: 197 (list). — Guérin 1953: 256 (diagnosis). — Roze 1955: 41 (checklist for Venezuela). — Martínez 1959: 20 (catalogue for Argentina). — Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 547 (key for the Amazon). — Halffter & Halffter 1976: 57 (redescription). — Halffter et al. 1980: 600 (biology). — Howden & Young 1981: 14, 17 (key, characteristics, redescription). — Jessop 1985: 1093, 1102 (key, distribution). — Deloya 1992: 2 (list). — Amézquita et al. 1999: 119 (biodiversity). — Forsyth & Gill 1993: 70 (list). — Forsyth et al. 1998: 370 (conservation, list). — Escobar 2000: 208 (checklist for Colombia). — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193 (checklist for Brazil). — Medina et al. 2001: 135 (cited for Colombia). — Estrada & Coates-Estrada 2002: 1911 (ecology). — Ratcliffe 2002: 11 (checklist for Panama). — Kohlmann 2003: 45 (cited for Mexico). — Huerta et al. 2003: 16 (biology). — Pulido-Herrera et al. 2003: 54 (list for Caquetá, Colombia); 2007: 307 (cited for Andean region of Colombia). — Noriega 2004: 40 (checklist for Tinigua Park, Colombia). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006: 16 (cited for Bolivia); 43 (diversity). — Kohlmann et al. 2007: 29 (checklist). — Noriega et al. 2007: 82 (list for Colombia). — Feer 2008: 56, 62 (ecology); 2013: 767 (list for French Guiana). — Orozco & Pérez 2008: 38–39 (list for Colombia). — Carpio et al. 2009: 469 (ecology). — Génier 2009: 215, 219 (redescription, key). — Medina & Pulido-Herrera 2009: 60 (diversity). — Camero 2010: 150, 164 (key, diagnosis). — Brûlé et al. 2011a: 193 (list, cited for French Guiana). — Carvajal et al. 2011: 314 (cited for Ecuador). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011b: 88 (list). — Krajcik 2012: 107 (list). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (checklist for Costa Rica). — Ratcliffe 2013: 493 (list, cited for Brazil). — Nunes et al. 2014: 408–410 (list). — Silva et al. 2014: 348 (diversity); 2016: 554 (ecology, biogeography); 2017: 490 (list). — Feer & Boissier 2015: 169 (list). — Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 195 (checklist for Peru). — Boilly 2018: 36, 39 (key). — Chamorro et al. 2018: 95 (list for Ecuador); 2019: 135 (catalogue). — Giraldo et al. 2018: 72 (guide). — Santos et al. 2018: 46 (list for Acre, Brazil). — Hielkema & Hielkema 2019: 86 (catalogue for the Guianas). — Nieto et al. 2020: 136 (report). — Storck-Tonon et al. 2020: 2426 (diversity).

Eurysternus nebulosus – Harold 1880: 13 (synonym of E. caribaeus). — Bates 1887: 40 (comments, distribution). — Gillet 1911b: 25 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Blackwelder 1944: 197 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Martínez 1959: 20 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Jessop 1985: 1102 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Génier 2009: 214 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Camero 2010: 164 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus).

Eurysternus peruanus – Balthasar 1941: 340 (cited for Peru); 1951: 325 (cited for Peru). — Blackwelder 1944: 197 (list). — Jessop 1985: 1102 (synonym of E. caribaeus). — Génier 2009: 213 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Camero 2010: 164 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (cited as synonym of E. caribaeus).

Material examined

VENEZUELA ‒ 2 specs; Caracas, Cerro Verde; 1100 m a.s.l.; 15 Apr. 2004; D. García leg.; CEMT. ‒ Táchira • 1 spec.; near Pregonero, Presa La Honda (Trampita); 1100 m a.s.l.; 21 Dec. 1988; D. Havranek leg.; mini-cup trap; CEMT .

Distribution

Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina (Génier 2009) .

Subregions of Venezuela

Plains, Delta plain of the Orinoco River and coastal swamp of the San Juan River, Peneplain of the Casiquiare River –Upper Orinoco, system of hills and low piedmont mountains of the Guiana Shield, System of low mountains and hills Imataca-Cuyuní del Escudo Northeast Guiana, Serrania de Perija, Andes mountains, Sierra de San Luis and Cerro Santa Ana, Central Coast Mountain Range, Oriental Coast Range, and Guiana Shield.

Literature records

Roze 1955: 41 (Venezuela: Aragua: Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Estación Biológica Rancho Grande). — Jessop 1985: 1103 (Venezuela). — Blanco 1987: 41 (Venezuela: Táchira). — Havranek 1989: 61 (Venezuela: Táchira). — Barbero 2001: 5 (Venezuela). — Larsen et al. 2008: 1294 (Venezuela: Bolívar). — Génier 2009: 214 (Venezuela: Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Distrito Capital, Falcón, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Táchira and Zulia). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 109 (Venezuela: Bolívar: Isla de Anacoco, Miranda: Altos de Pipe and Yaracuy: Hacienda Guáquira). — Boilly 2018: 39 (Venezuela). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 135 (Venezuela).