283) Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793)

? Vespa maculata Scopoli, 1763: 312 . Type destroyed. Type locality: “Carnioliae” (Slovenia).? Vespa macularis Olivier, 1792: 695 . Vespa germanica Fabricius, 1793: 256 . Vespula (Paravespula) germanica; Williams, 1983: 194. Distribution. India: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir. Elsewhere: Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Armenia;

Argentina [introduced]; Australia [introduced]; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia & Herzegovina;

Bulgaria; Canada; Chile [introduced]; China (including Taiwan); Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia;

Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland [introduced]; Iran; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Korea; Kyrgyzstan; Lebanon; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia; Malta; Mayotte; Moldova; Mongolia; Morocco; Nepal; Netherlands; New Zealand [introduced]; New Zealand; Norway; Pakistan; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russia; Scotland; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; South Africa [introduced]; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Syria; Tajikistan; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; U.K.; Ukraine; U.S.A. [introduced]; Uzbekistan. (Das & Gupta 1984, Archer 1989, Das & Gupta 1989, Carpenter & Kojima 1997, Gupta 2008, Bleidorn et al. 2016, Rafi et al. 2017, Girish Kumar & Carpenter 2018, Fateryga 2018).