Nisotra chrysomeloides Jacoby, 1885

Figs 2 A, B, 3 A – C, 4

Nisotra chrysomeloides Jacoby, 1885: 36 (Malaysia: Sarawak); Weise 1922: 126 (Indonesia: Java; redescription); Scherer 1969: 150 (India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China; illustration of male aedeagus); Wang 1992: 684 (China: Sichuan, Yunnan); Medvedev 1992: 32 (Nepal); Medvedev 2000: 21 (Nepal).

Podagrica dohertyi: Maulik, 1926 (one paratype).

Nisotra orbiculata sensu Gressitt and Kimoto 1966: 793 (China: Hainan, Liamui).

Nisotra gemella sensu Medvedev 1993: 17 (Philippines: Palawan); Kimoto 2000: 233 (Laos: Umg. Vientiane).

Types.

Nisotra chrysomeloides . Lectotype ♂ (MCSN, here designated for clarifying its taxonomic status) (Fig. 2 A, B), labeled: “ Borneo / Sarawak / 1865 66. / Coll. J. Doria [p, w] // Typus [p, w, red letters, with red border] // chrysomeloides / Jac. [p, w] // Nisotra / chrysomeloides / Jac. [h, b] // SYNTYPUS / Nisotra / chrysomeloides n. sp. / det. M. Jacoby, 1885 [p, r] // Museo Civico / di Genova [p, b] ” . Paralectotypes. 3 ♂, 4 ♀ (MCSN): “ Borneo / Sarawak / 1865 66. / Coll. J. Doria [p, w] // SYNTYPUS / Nisotra / chrysomeloides n. sp. / det. M. Jacoby, 1885 [p, r] // Museo Civico / di Genova [p, b] ” ; 2 ♀ (MCSN): “ Sarawak / Doria 65 [p, w] // SYNTYPUS / Nisotra / chrysomeloides n. sp. / det. M. Jacoby, 1885 [p, r] // Museo Civico / di Genova [p, b] ” ; 1 ♀ (NHMUK): “ Borneo / Sarawak / 1865 66. / Coll. J. Doria [p, w] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a [p, w] // chrysomeloides Jac [h, b] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border] ”; 1 (sex undetermined, MCZC): “ Borneo / Sarawak / 1865 66. / Coll. J. Doria [p, w] // 1 st Jacoby / Coll. [p, w] // chrysomeloides / Jac. [h, b] // Type [p] / 18561 [h, r] ” .

Podagrica dohertyi . 1 ♀ (NHMUK): “ Co- / type [p, w, circle label with yellow border] // Doherty [p, w] // Birmah / RubyM es [p, w] // Fry Coll. / 1905. 100. [p, w] // Podagrica / dohertyi M. [h] / S. Mulik det. [p] / type 1926 [h, w] ”.

Additional material examined.

Cambodia. 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Phnom Bokor, 24–31. X. 2007, leg. S. Murzin ; 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Kirirom, 15–17. X. 2007, leg. S. Murzin ; China. Hainan: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (NHMUK), leg. J. Whitehead, 1899.315; 1 ♀ (KMNH), Liamui, 2. VIII. 1933, leg. J. L. Gressitt ; Hong Kong: 2 ♂ (KMNH), Lam Tsuen Valley nr Pak Ngau Shek, 30. V. 1965, leg. Y. Miyatake ; Yunnan: 1 ♂ (TARI), Banggunjianshan (邦棍尖山), 20. V. 2016, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Bakaliangzi (坝卡梁子), 26. III. 2018, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (TARI), Bakaxiaozhai (巴卡小寨), 2. VIII. 2017, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 1 ♂ (TARI), same but with “ 18. IX. 2017 ”; 2 ♀ (TARI), Bangdashan (邦達山), 16. IX. 2015, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Bulangshan (布朗山), 28. IX. 2017, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 2 ♀ (TARI), Chinoshan (基諾山), 30. V. 2018, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 1 ♀ (TARI), Luteshan (綠德山), 9. IX. 2017, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 2 ♀ (TARI), Manfen (曼粉), 12. V. 2016, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 1 ♂ (TARI), same but with “ 20. IX. 2017 ”; 1 ♂ (TARI), Menglun (勐侖), 2. VIII. 2017, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 1 ♀ (TARI), Mohan (磨憨), 14. V. 2016, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (TARI), Ruili (瑞麗), 6. IX. 2014, leg. Y. - T. Wang ; India. 2 ♀ (MCSN), Mungphu, 1890, leg. D. Atkinson ; Sikkim: 1 ♀ (KMNH); Uttarakhand: 1 ♂ (SEHU), Mohand Forest nr Dehra Dun, 7–9. XI. 1978 ; Indonesia. Java: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Bremi, Mt. Argopuro, 31. V. 2005, leg. H. Takizawa ; 1 ♂ (MCSN), Buitenzorg (= Bogor), 1878, leg. D. Lansberge ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (MCSN), Sinagar, IV. 1876, leg. Beccari ; 6 ♂, 12 ♀ (MCSN), Tcibodas, X. 1874, leg. O Beccari ; Sumatra: 2 ♂, 4 ♀ (SDEI), coll. Kraatz; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MCSN), Balighe, X. 1890 – III. 1891, leg. E. Modigliani ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (SEHU), Jambi, Lapak Aur, 6. II. 2006, leg. H. Takizawa ; 1 ♀ (MCSN), Mentawei Island, Si Oban, IV. - VIII. 1894, leg. Modigliani ; 1 ♀ (MCSN), Padang, 1890, leg. E. Modigliani ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (MCSN), Pangherang - Pisang, X. 1890 – III. 1891, leg. E. Modigliani ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (SEHU), Gunnung Sibayak ( Tanah Karo), 11. II. 1984, leg. H. Urban, K. Urban, I. Worm, J. Wiesner ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (MCSN), Soekaranda, leg. Dohrn ; Laos. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Haut Mekong, Muong Sing, 18. IV. 1918, leg. R. V. de Salvaza ; 1 ♀ (KMNH), Umg. Vientiane, III. – VI. 1963 ; Champasak: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (NHMUK), Bolaven Paleau, Rout (No. 23), Pakse-Paksong, Ban Itou env (km 35), 10–18. IV. 1999, leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša; Hua Pan : 5 ♂, 19 ♀ (NHMUK), Ban Saleui, Phou Pan Mt., 3–30. VI. 2014, leg. C. Holzschuh ; 3 ♂, 5 ♀ (NHMUK), same but with “ 27. IV. – 1. VI. 2011 ”; Louang Namtha: 1 ♀ (NHMUK), 20 km NW Louang Namtha, 24–30. V. 1997, leg. Jendek ; Phongsaly: 9 ♂, 4 ♀ (NHMUK), Phongsaly, Phu Fa, 26. VII. 2006, leg. M. Geiser ; Vientiane: 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Vang Vieng, 20. VII. 2006, leg. A. Strauch ; Malaysia. Pahang: 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (SEHU), Cameron Highland, Gn. Brinchiang, 30. VIII. 2016, leg. H. Takizawa ; Sabah: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (SEHU), Kota Kinabalu, Kg. Kiapad, Inanam, 26. VI. 2010, leg. H. Takizawa ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (SEHU), Ranau, Kundasan, 30. VI. 2007, leg. H. Takizawa ; Sarawak: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Kelambit Highland, Bario, 13. VI. 2018, leg. A. Abe ; Myanmar. 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (2 ♂: SDEI; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: MCSN; 1 ♀: NHMUK), Carin Cheba, V. – VII. - (18) 88, leg. L. Fea ; 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Karen Mts., leg. Doherty, Fry Coll., 1905.100 ; 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Momeit, leg. Doherty, Fry Coll., 1905.100 ; 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Pegu, Atkinson Coll., 1892-3 ; 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Toungoo, coll. Andrewes, 1922-221 ; Kachin State: 2 ♀ (NHMUK), Nam Tamai, 2. VIII. 1938, leg. R. Kaulback ; Nepal. Bagman Zong: 1 ♀ (MCSN), Kathmandu valley, Lalitpur Distr ., Godawari-Phulchoki, 1–7. VI. 1996, leg. P. Čechovský ; Philippines. Palawan: 1 ♀ (MCSN), Singapan Basin, Tau’t reservation, 11. XII. 1990 – 5. I. 1991, coll. Medvedev ; Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima: 1 ♀ (NHMUK), 15. VI. 1962, coll. C. I. E.; Nan: 12 ♂, 11 ♀ (NHMUK), Doi Phuka N. P., V. 2000, leg. local collector ; Tak: 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Mae Chan / Mae Klong confluence, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, 27. IV. – 6. V. 1988, leg. M. J. D. Brendell ; Vietnam. Gia Lai-Kon Tum: 1 ♀ (MCSN), So Lang, 50 km N Ankhe Ha-Nung, 9. XI. 1979, coll. Medvedev ; Lao Cai: 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Cha Pa (= Sa Pa), 13–20. IV. 1962, leg. A. Warchalowski ; Vinh Phuc: 6 ♂, 3 ♀ (NHMUK), Tam Dao, 24–26. IV. 1962, leg. A. Warchalowski ; 1 ♀ (NHMUK), same locality, 13. X. 1966, leg. A. Jadwiszczak; 2 ♂ (NHMUK), same locality, 17. X. 1966, leg. J. Kania .

Redescription.

Adults. Length 4.0– 4.7 mm, width 2.6–3.2 mm (n = 202). General color orange or reddish brown (Fig. 3 A – C); elytra, meso- and metathoracic, and abdominal ventrites metallic purple; four basal antennomeres I – IV yellowish brown, V dark brown, VI – XI black. Antennae (Fig. 4 A) filiform in males, ratios of lengths of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 1.0; ratios of length to width from antennomeres I to XI 2.9: 2.3: 2.5: 2.8: 2.6: 2.2: 2.2: 1.8: 2.0: 1.9: 3.0; similar in females, ratios of lengths of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 4 B) 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 1.0; ratios of length to width from antennomeres I to XI 2.6: 2.2: 2.8: 2.3: 2.3: 1.8: 2.0: 1.8: 1.9: 1.9: 3.0. Pronotum 1.9–2.0 × wider than long; disc shining, with sparse, fine punctures, slightly convex; longitudinal groove on each side of apical margin deep, with several coarse punctures along groove; longitudinal groove along basal margin short and shallow; lateral margins rounded; apical margins slightly concave; basal margin medially convex. Elytra 1.2 × longer than wide; disc with coarse punctures arranged into paired longitudinal lines, with fine punctures between coarse punctures; lateral margins rounded, narrowed behind middle. Aedeagus (Fig. 4 C – E) wide, ~ 3.8 × longer than wide; parallel sided, moderately narrowed at apical 1 / 10, apex pointed; moderately curved in lateral view; tectum sclerotized. Endophallic spiculae reduced. Gonocoxae (Fig. 4 H) longitudinal and basally connected; apex of each gonocoxa widely rounded, curved dorsally, with nine or ten long setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 4 F) well sclerotized, short setae arranged into transverse line along sides of apical margin, long setae arranged in transverse line inside apical margin, spiculum extremely long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 4 G) strongly swollen; pump long and curved, with long apical process; sclerotized spermathecal duct moderately long after base of spermathecal gland.

Diagnosis.

Adults of Nisotra chrysomeloides are similar to those of N. gemella, with similar body shapes and color patterns, but N. chrysomeloides can be distinguished from N. gemella by the distinct longitudinal grooves at the sides of the pronotal base with punctures along the grooves (longitudinal grooves almost reduced in N. gemella), and less convex pronotum (more convex pronotum in N. gemella). The acute apex of the aedeagus in N. chrysomeloides (Fig. 4 C) differs from the truncate apex and small process in N. dohertyi (Fig. 5 C) and N. gemella (Fig. 7 C), and widely rounded apex and small process at middle in N. nigripes (Fig. 14 C). The moderately curved aedeagus in lateral view differs from the slightly curved aedeagus in N. nigripes (Fig. 14 D) and strongly curved aedeagus in N. dohertyi (Fig. 5 E). The sclerotized tectum (Fig. 4 C) differs from the membranous tectum in others (Figs 5 C, 6 C, 14 C). In females of N. chrysomeloides, the dorsally directed apices of the gonocoxae (Fig. 4 H) differ from the straight gonocoxae in N. gemella (Fig. 7 G), the laterally directed apices in N. nigripes (Fig. 14 G), and inwardly directed apices in N. dohertyi (Fig. 5 I). Abdominal ventrite VIII, with one transverse line of long setae inside the apical margin and dense short setae along the apical margin (Fig. 4 F), differs from ventrite VIII with several pairs of long setae along the apical margin in N. dohertyi (Fig. 5 F, G).

Distribution.

Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines (Palawan), Thailand, Vietnam.