Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius, 1794) Figs 3 D–F, 6C, D, 9 D–F, 10H, 13 D–F, 16 D–F, 18 I–L; Table 1

Oestrus pecorum Fabricius, 1794: 230. Type locality: not given, probably Europe.

Oestrus vituli Fabricius, 1794: 231. Type locality: not given, but at least Sweden and France by reference to works of Linnaeus and Geoffroy.

Gastrus jubarum Meigen, 1824: 179, 180. Type locality: Austria.

Gastrus lativentris Brauer, 1858: 465. Type locality: Latvia, Curland (as "in Kurland gefangen").

Gastrus ferruginatus Zetterstedt, 1844: 978. Type locality: Sweden, Skåne, Tranås socken, Esperöd . (as "ad Esperöd in parœcia Tranås Scaniæ”).

Gasterophilus pecorum var. zebrae Rodhain & Bequaert, 1920: 181. Type locality: Kenya and Tanzania.

Gastrophilus vulpecula Pleske, 1926: 227. Type locality: China, Inner Mongolia, Alxa League.

Gastrophilus gammeli Szilády, 1935: 140. Type locality: Hungary.

Gastrophilus hammeli: Paramonov 1940: 34, 46; incorrect subsequent spelling of gammeli Szilády, 1935.

Gastrophilus hummeli: Paramonov 1940: 32; incorrect subsequent spelling of gammeli Szilády, 1935.

Gastrus selysi Walker, 1849: 687. Nomen nudum.

Selected references.

Zumpt (1965: 114); Grunin (1969: 25); Pont (1973: 698); Soós and Minář (1986: 239); Cogley (1991b); Xue and Wang (1996: 2210); Otranto et al. (2005); Colwell et al. (2006: 5); Colwell et al. (2007); Zhang et al. (2016); Hoseini et al. (2017); Li et al. (2018); Yan et al. (2019).

Diagnosis.

Antennal pedicel elongated, with length/width ratio more than 0.8. Facial plate setose. Wing dark, with broad darkened patches with ill-defined edges; crossvein dm-cu absent. Meron with unmodified setae. Legs yellowish brown with femora distinctly darkened. Abdomen ground color yellow in male, mainly dark brown to black in female. Male cercus long and narrow, length/width ratio more than 3.0; surstylus yellow, with a rounded apex; processi longi elongated. Female sternite 8 with a longitudinal concavity in the middle and with a keel-shaped apex.

Material examined.

CHINA - Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region • 1♂; Akesu; 25 Sep. 1958; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♀; Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Qiemo County; Aqiang; 3000 m; 20 Jul. 1988; X.Z. Zhang leg.; IOZ • 2♀♀; Fuyun County, Qiakuertu; 8-10 Jun. 2009, F. Mo leg.; MBFU • 9♂♂, 4♀♀; Kalamaili; 6 May– 1 Jun. 2009; D. Zhang leg.; MBFU. - Inner Mongolia • 1♀; Chifeng, Zhaowuda League, Right Banner; 22 Aug.-28 Sep. 1959; collector unknown; IOZ • 2♂♂; Ulanqab, Temurtei, 4-27 Aug. 1971; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♂; Xisuqi; 1 Sep. 1971; collector unknown; IOZ.

Hosts.

Burchell’s zebra ( E. quagga burchellii), domestic horse ( E. ferus caballus), donkey ( E. africanus asinus), Mongolian wild ass ( E. hemionus hemionus), Persian onager ( E. hemionus onager Boddaert), wild horse ( E. przewalskii).

Distribution.

Afrotropical - Burkina Faso, Kenya, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. Oriental - India. Palaearctic - Austria, Belgium, China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang), Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy (incl. Corsica and Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.