Dyscritobaeus bicolor O'Connor et Ashe

(Figs 21, 23, 24, 39c, 39d, 41a, 41b, 44b, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:790AD91D-1E5A-4F17-8446-5C5AAF901161 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=302202

Dyscritobaeus bicolor: O’Connor et Ashe (2011), p. 346, original description.

Diagnosis. The presence of a preoccipital lunula (Fig. 80) distinguishes this species from the members of comitans -group. The marginalis and stigmalis are normally developed as in D. comitans and most of the species of other scelionid genera; metascutellum visible in dorsal view, wide with margins subparallel to mesoscutellar margin, a small metanotal spine; T2 without specillum (Figs 81, 85) and absence of odontoid process in both sexes, central keel present and the angle st-pm>40° in both sexes, distinguish this species from D. flavus and D. parvipennis .

The presence of a single posterior pointed projection on the metapleural carinae (Figs 80, 84, 85) distinguishes this species from those having two pointed projections ( D. antananarivensis, D. comitans, D. madagascarensis, D. sulawensis); this character state is shared with D. ndokii, D. flavus, D. kilimanjarensis, D. parvipennis and D. tanzaniensis . Postmarginalis reduced as D. parvipennis and similar species. In female the antennal segment A 12 is as long as A 11 (Fig. 17), with a corresponding claval sensilla formula: 1:2:2:2:1:0. A smooth mesepimeral sulcus distinguishes the species from D. sulawensis, which has a crenulate mesepimeral furrow.

In males the A 2/ A 3 ratio is 0.83 (Fig. 41b) similar to that in D. parvipennis (A 2/ A 3 ratio 0.71) (Fig. 41f); in D. flavus the A 2/ A 3 ratio is 1.1 (Fig. 41d).

Description. We provide a redescription to present a comparative uniform treatment of all species included in this paper.

Male: Holotype, Ƌ Dyscritobaeus bicolor O’Connor et Ashe, Maputo, V. 1989, leg. Angela (MSNG) [USNMENT01223486].

Length of the body: 1 mm

Head. Color, Coriaceous. Fan-like striation not visible in genal area. Head surface is hairy (Fig. 24). Head width: height: length = 0.37: 0.31: 0.19 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.09 mm. Eye width: heigth = 0.12: 0.15 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.1: 0.7: 0.1 mm. Mandibles bidentate without odontoid process. Maxillary and labial palpi in Fig. 44b.

Antenna (Fig. 41b). Radicles and scape yellow; A3–A12 brown; A1 length: 14; A2 shorter than A3.

Mesosoma. Color brown (Fig. 84). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate; in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; posterior mesepimeral area not well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 84); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 85). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, wide with margins parallel to mesoscutellum ones, small metanotal spine (Fig. 85).

Mesonotum length 0.22 mm, width 0.39 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.12 mm, width 0.27 mm.

Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; wing ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.1: 0.6: 3.3: 3.4: 8.9: 0.4: 1.1; angle st-pm= 42° as in Fig. 39d. st length is 0.09 mm.

Legs yellow except fore and middle coxe light brown, hind coxe brown.

Metasoma. Color brown, with T1, T2 light brown (Fig. 85).

On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae, aligned with the metapleural carinae, separating lateral coriaceous scupture from internal smooth area; In the middle of T1 a sculpure striate to coriaceous starting from anterior margin and gradually dissolving towards posterior margin (Figs 84, 85). T2 not foveolate in anterior margin, rugose-coriaceous, short longitudinal wrinkles not surpassing 1/5 of the metasoma, rugose-coriaceous in the other tergites (Fig. 81).

Female (nov.): Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha- Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga- Ndoki, 38.6 km 173° S Lidjombo; 2°21.60’N 16°03.20’E 350m, 22- May- 2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CAR 01 - S227, Lowland rainforest; [SAM-HYM-P025611].

Length of the body: 1.05 mm

Head. Color black. Sculpture as in male; head covered by long hair, mandibles yellow. Frontal depression with a shallow, smooth area starting from the interantennal process and not reaching 1/5 the height of eye (Fig. 21). Central keel reaching 1/5 the height of the eye (Fig. 21). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation present in genal area but not reaching half-length of malar sulus (Fig. 82). Malar sulcus length: 0.125 mm. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured. Measure of the head width: height: length = 0.42: 0.35: 0.19 mm. Measure of eye width: heigth = 0.14: 0.19 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.09 mm. Mandibles bidentate without odontoid process (Fig. 23).

Antenna (Fig. 41a). Radicle and A1 yellowish. A2–A12 brown, light brown in ventral part. A1 length: 0.21 mm; A2 longer as A3+ A4. Clava antennomeres A7–A12. Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0.

Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesonotum anteriorly dark yellow to brown; mesoscutellum brown with posterior margin yellow; propodeum dark yellow; metascutellum and metanotal spine brown (Fig. 80). In lateral view, from dorsal margin yellowish to brown (Fig. 83).

In dorsal view mesonotum and mesoscutellum imbricate (Fig. 80); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; posterior mesepimeral area not well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 83); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 80). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, wide with margins parallel to mesoscutellum ones, small metanotal spine (Fig. 80).

Mesonotum length 0.25 mm, width 0.41 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.14 mm, width 0.34 mm.

Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.2: 0.4: 3.3: 3.2: 7.8: 0.6: 1.5; angle st-pm= 43° as in Fig. 39c. st length is 0.1 mm.

Legs as in male.

Metasoma. In dorsal view metasoma anteriorly yellowish as in propodeum, color changes gradually in dark brown in last tergite; T1, T2, T3 color light brown on side; laterotergites yellowish (Fig. 81). On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae, aligned with the metapleural carinae, separating lateral coriaceous scupture from internal smooth area; in the middle of T1 a sculpure striate to coriaceous starting from anterior margin and gradually dissolving towards posterior margin (Fig. 80, 81). T2 not foveolate in anterior margin, rugosecoriaceous, short longitudinal wrinkles not surpassing 1/5 of the metasoma, rugose-coriaceous in the other tergites (Fig. 81).

Comment and variability. The holotype was and is deposited in the collection of Genoa Museum (MSNG) and not in the Insect Collection of Portici Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy (DEZA) as stated by O’Connor and Ashe (2011) in the original description.

One hundred and twenty-nine specimens were examined from Africa.

Female length ranges from 0.65 mm in a Cameroun specimen to 1.1 mm in a Central African Republic specimen. Male length ranges from 0.54 mm in a Cameroun specimen to 1.06 mm in a Central African Republic specimen.

In both sexes, specimens collected in South Africa have the central keel a little longer and the frontal depression smoother than specimens collected from other countries.

Color is fairly uniform across all specimens.

Distribution. The species is recorded exclusively from the Afrotropical region.

Material examined. Holotype. Ƌ: AFRICA: Mozambique: Maputo, 1989/05, Angela, (MSNG)[USNMENT01223487], (palpi on slide, Fig.44b).

Benin: Ivory Coast: Kenya: Nigeria: South Africa:

AFRICA: Benin: Abomey-Calavi ca. 25km N. Coconou, 1Ƌ, 1988/12, J. S. Noyes, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471208]; Abomey Calavi, ~25 Km N Cotonou , 9♀ Ƌ, XII-1988 JS Noyes, MT, (OSUC), [OSUC 418409, 418415, 418421, 418439, 418449, 418452, 418457, 418459, 418460]; Cameroun: Buea, 2Ƌ, 1981/12/24, S. Compton, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971552, (E)#971553]; Nkoemvon, 2♀, 1Ƌ, 1979/09, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971554, (E)#971555, (E)#971556]; 1Ƌ, 1980/07, D. Jackson, (CNCI), [CNC 471209]; 2Ƌ, 1980/09, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971557, (E)#971558]; Central African Republic: Parc National de Dzanga- Ndoki, 38.6km 173º S Lidjombo, 350m, Lowland Rainforest, 2º21.60'N 16º09.20'E , 350m, 2♀, 2Ƌ, 2001/05/22, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025611, P025618, P047988 (1Ƌ, antenna on slide, in Fig. 41b)]; 2Ƌ, 2001/05/23, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025526, P025528]; Parc National de Dzanga- Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53º NE Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, 3º02.01'N 16º24.57'E, 510m, 1♀ , 2001/05/03, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047990]; 3♀, 2001/05/04, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025556, P025557 (1♀, wings on slide, in Fig. 39c), P047989]; 1Ƌ, 2001/05/ 0 5, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047995]; 3♀, 2Ƌ, 2001/05/06, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 25537, P025567, P047985, P047987]; 1♀, 2Ƌ, 2001/05/06 – 2001/05/06, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047986]; 2♀, 1Ƌ, 2001/05/07, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM- HYM-P025577, P025582, P025583]; Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Reserve Speciale de Foret Dense d Dzanga- Shangai, 21.7km 326°NW Bayanga, Degraded mid-altitude rainforest., 3°00.27'N 16°11.55'E , 420m, 1Ƌ, 2005/07/ 30 – 2005/08/05, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 032154]; Réserve Spéciale de Forét Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 kilometers 326° North West Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, 1♀, 2001/05/11 – 2001/05/17, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 030685]; Ghana: 06°32'34"N 03°03'06"W Bia National Park Camp 15, Research Camp 190m , 2♀ Ƌ, 22–25.vi.2005 J Gill & T K Philips, YPT, (OSUC), [OSUC 495956, 495965]; Ivory Coast: Bouake, 1Ƌ, 1980/10, P. Cochereau, (CNCI), [CNC 471210]; 1Ƌ, 1980/10/11, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471211]; 06°13'N 05°02'W Lamto ~ 160km NW Abidjan, 4♀ Ƌ, xi.1988, MT/YPT coll. JS Noyes, (OSUC), [OSUC 141961, 151720, 64673, 64757]; Kenya: Nairobi, 1♀, 1982/04, M. C. Lubega, (CNCI), [CNC 471212]; Nairobi, Nairobi Game Park, 1Ƌ , 1980/03/28, D. Levin, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471213]; Nairobi, Kenya Int. Center Ins. Physiol.&Ecol. , 2♀ Ƌ, ii.1982 MC Lubega, (OSUC), [OSUC 56471, 56472]; Mozambique: Niassa Cuamba, Mituque, Centro Pastoral, 1♀, 2012/03/28 – 2012/04/3, M. Olmi, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471214]; Nigeria: Oyo Ibadan, IITA compound, 2♀, 1987/11, J.S. Noyes, Pitfall Trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471215, 471216]; Kaduna St. 81 km NW Jos, 1♀ Ƌ, 11.xi.1987 PNeuenschwander, (OSUC), [OSUC 56476]; Rwanda: Kigali, 1♀, 1977, (UNIPA) [USNMENT01223487]; South Africa: E. Transvaal, 11km SE Pilgrims Rest, relict native forest, 1400m, 37♀, 5Ƌ, 1985/12/11 – 1985/12/31, S. & J. Peck, FIT-Mal., (CNCI), [CNC 471217, 471218, 471219, 471220, 471221, 471222, 471223, 471224, 471225, 471226, 471227, 471228, 471229, 471230, 471231, 471232, 471233, 471234, 471235, 471236, 471237, 471238, 471239, 471240, 471241, 471242, 471243, 471244, 471245, 471246, 471247, 471248, 471249, 471250, 471251, 471252, 471253, 471254, 471255, 471256, 471257, 471258]; Good Hope Estate, 9.3km 28 NW Boston, 1350m, 1♀ , 1998/08/25, B.L. Fisher, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P039153]; Hlogoma (4.4 km 127° SE Underberg), Moist upland grassland on sandstone, livestock-grazed, 29°48.308'S 29°32.293'E , 1♀, 2001/12/04 – 2001/12/10, Robertson & Larsen & Tourle, Pitfall Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P034558]; Karkloof, Leopards Bush Nature Res, 19km 251 NNE Howick, 1350m, 2♀, 1998/08/29, B.L. Fisher, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 39156, P039155]; Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermarizburg Karkloff Nat. Park E, 1♀, 2005/04/22, V. Kolyada, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 471259]; Limpopo province, Magde Baskloof, 1Ƌ , 2003/12/03, Melika, Mikò, (CNCI), [CNC 471260]; Newlands Forest, Western Cape., Forest - Indigenous, - 33.96667°N + 18.43333°E, 1Ƌ, 06/1998, H.J. Ratsirarson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 020780]; Transvaal, 30km E Nylstroom , 2♀, 1984/11/15 – 1984/12/17, H. & A. Howden, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471261, 471262]; Transvaal, Graskop, 1500m, 1♀, 1985/12/11 – 1985/12/19, W. R. M. Mason, (CNCI), [CNC 471263]; Tvl. 5km S Graskop, 1♀, 1985/12/20 – 1985/12/28, H. & A. Howden, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471264]; Tvl. Nr. Gods Windows, 1♀, 1985/12/26, M. Sanborne, s. s., (CNCI), [CNC 471265]; Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, Forest - Coastal, 31°03.509'S 30°10.484'E , 160m, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 2000/11/11 – 2000/11/18, S. van Noort, Pitfall Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 031742, P 031744]; 1Ƌ, 2000/11/11 – 2000/11/18, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 031749]; 1♀, 4Ƌ, 2000/11/14, S. van Noort, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM- P 031751, P 031753, P 031754, P 031755]; 1Ƌ, 2000/11/17, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM- P 031757]; W. Cape Prov., Hout Bay, Oranje kloof Forest Pres., 34°0'S 18°25'E , 150m, 1♀, 1999/12/16 – 1999/12/ 31, S. & J. Peck, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471266]; 24°36.507'S 27°14.302'E Northern Prov. - 20km W Thabazimbi Robertse Farm thor-bush, 1♀ Ƌ , 23.x–12.xii.1999 TK Phillips coll., FIT, (OSUC), [OSUC 181430]; 31°03.509'S 30°10.484'E Kwazulu-Natal, Umtamvuna Nature Res. 160m, 3♀ Ƌ, 11–18.xi.2000 S.van Noort KW00-Y35; Yellow pan. Coastal Forest /Pondoland Coastal Plateau Sour Grassland margin, (OSUC), [OSUC 243514, 400724, 400726]; Tanzania: E Usambara Mts., Amani NR, 5°06'04''S 38°39'08''E , 501m, 1Ƌ, 2011/12/17, V. Grebennikov, sift.08, (CNCI), [CNC 471267]; Uganda: Kampala, lakeshore, 1158m, 1♀, 1973/01, H. Falke, (CNCI), [CNC 471268]; Kibale National Park Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Primary mid-altitude Rainforest, 0°33.823'N 30°21.490'E , 1505m, 1Ƌ, 2005/07/29 – 2005/07/31, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 032162]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Secondary mid-altitude Rainforest, 0°33.960'N 30°21.267'E , 1495m, 2Ƌ, 2005/07/29 – 2005/07/31, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 032157]; 1♀, 2005/07/30 – 2005/08/05, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 032156]; 2♀, 1Ƌ, 2005/07/31 – 2005/08/03, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 32158, P 032161]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Primary mid-altitude Rainforest, 0°33.784'N 30°21.617'E , 1500m, 1Ƌ, 2008/08/04 – 2008/08/26, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P046910]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biogical Field Station, 1587m, Primary mid-altitude Rainforest, near stream., 0°34.390'N 30°21.658'E , 1587m, 2Ƌ, 2008/08/04 – 2008/08/26, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047994]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Primary mid-altitude Rainforest, 0°33.836'N 30°21.700'E , 1523m, 2Ƌ, 2008/08/04 – 2008/08/26, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM- HYM-P 030683 (1Ƌ, wings on slide, in Fig. 39d)]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 1♀, 2Ƌ , 2008/08/11, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P049538 (1♀, antenna on slide, in Fig. 41a)]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Secondary mid-altitude Rainforest, 0°33.996'N 30°21.262'E , 1495m, 2Ƌ, 2005/07/29 – 2005/07/31, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047993]; Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere, University Biological Station, Primary mid-altitude Rainforest, near stream, 0°33.823'N 30°21.490'E , 1505m, 1♀, 2008/08/ 04 – 2008/08/26, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047991]; Zimbabwe: Salisbury, 1♀, 1980/05, A. Watsham, Yellow Pan Trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471269]; Zimbabwe (Rhodesia): Harare (Salisbury), 1Ƌ, 1979/05, A. Watsham, (CNCI), [CNC 471270]; Harare (Salisbury), Chishawasha, 1♀, 1980/03, A. Watsham, (CNCI), [CNC 471271].