Dyscritobaeus madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov.

(Figs 12, 19, 38c, 38f, 43, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71)

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Diagnosis. The dorsal tooth is 4 times as long as the ventral tooth in both sexes, which distinguishes D. madagascarensis and D. antananarivensis from the other Afrotropical species. Presence of the preoccipital lunula (Fig. 15) distinguishes this species from D. comitans and D. ndokii . The drop-shaped T2 specillum in females (Fig. 12, 69) and equal length of female A 11 and A 12 distinguish this species from D. sulawensis . The specillum is absent in males (Fig. 70) as in D. sulawensis . The male of this species differs from D. antananarivensis by the position of the sex segment keel (in the middle of fifth antennomere, Fig. 43), OOL/POL= 1, T2 without specillum, T3 with short striae (in D. antananarivensis: the sex segment keel is in the distal part of antennomere as in Fig.42, OOL/POL= 0.78, T2 with specillum and T3 without striae as in Fig. 62); the male differs from D. sulawensis by the distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina as being equal to the diameter of the ocellus, the occipital carina is less depressed at vertex and shape and by the size of the mandible teeth (Fig. 68) (in D. sulawensis: the distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina is less than the ocellus diameter; the occipital carina is depressed at the vertex and the mandible dorsal tooth is as long as the ventral tooth, as in Fig 74).

Description. Female. Length of the body: 1.23 mm

Head. Color, dark brown. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and reaching the mid eye height (Fig. 65). Central keel reaching the eye level (Fig. 65). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, short striation is also present in genal area (Fig. 67). Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 69). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.5: 0.44: 0.26 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.12 mm. Ratio of eye width: heigth = 0.17: 0.24 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.1: 0.06: 0.11 mm. Distance lateral ocellus to occipital carina = 1 ocellar diameter. Mandibles bidentate with dorsal tooth 4 time longer than ventral one (Fig. 67).

Antenna. A 1 to A 7 yellowish, A 8 to A 12 brown . A 1 length: 0.23 mm; A 2 longer as A 3+ A 4. Clava sixsegmented; A 11 is as long as A 12 (Fig. 19). Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0.

Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum dark brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum dark red. (Fig. 69). In lateral view, pleurae dark red (Fig. 71).

In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate. In lateral view speculum with furrow, femoral depression smooth, posterior mesepimeral area delimitate anteriorly by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow, dorsal metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae, ventral metapleural area smooth (Fig. 71). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin. Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, triangular, and large metanotal spine, slightly surpassing propodeum (Fig. 69). Mesonotum length 0.29 mm, width 0.47 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.16 mm, width 0.35 mm.

Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.12 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 1.2: 0.3: 3.3: 3.2: 7.8: 0.2: 0.9; angle st-pm= 20° as in Fig 38e.

Legs yellow, except coxae dark yellow.

Metasoma. In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites light brown. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae. They separate a lateral coriaceous area from an internal area where striate sculpture starts with basal grooves and finishes to coriaceous (Fig. 69). T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to colliculate, drop shaped specillum in the middle of T2, costae converging to posterior margin of specillum (Fig. 12). T3 with costae long ½ of T3 (Fig. 69).

Male. Length of the body: 1,1 mm

Head. Sculpture as in female. Frontal depression shallower than in female, central keel as in female (Fig. 66). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation just evident in genal area (Fig. 68). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.45: 0.38: 0.20 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.11 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.16: 0.2 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.09 mm. Mandibles as in female (Fig. 68).

Antenna: A1 and A2 yellow, A3 to A12 brown. Sex segment with spine in the middle of antennomere (Fig. 43). A12 length twice A11 length.

Mesosoma. Color and sculpture as in female. Mesonotum length 0.29 mm, width 0.43 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.15 mm, width 0.31 mm (Fig. 70).

Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.12 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 1.3: 0.4: 3.0: 3.2: 7.8: 0.1: 0.6; angle st-pm= 24° as in Fig. 38f.

Metasoma. tergites brown. Sculpture as in female except T2: longitudinal parallel costae, specillum not present. T3 striate as in female (Fig. 70).

Comment and variability. Sixteen specimens were examined from Madagascar.

The size of the body is very homogenous in all the specimens, female occasionally completely brown.

A bidentate mandible with the dorsal tooth stronger and longer than the ventral tooth is a character state typical of many Dyscritobaeus species from the Oriental, Australian, Neotropical and Nearctic regions. This character state is present in only two Malagasy species and is absent in all species from the African continent.

The absence of a specillum in males confirms the presence of sexual dimorphism in respect of the T2 sculpture as in D. sulawensis and D. comitans .

Distribution. (Fig. 72).

Etymology. The name of the species is linked to the island where the specimens were collected. Material examined. Holotype. ♀: AFRICA: Madagascar: Ranomafana Nat. Park, 21°14'51''S, 47°24'13''E, 1079m, 2010/11/16 – 2010/11/18, P. Bañař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471138].

Allotype. Ƌ: AFRICA: Madagascar: Ranomafana Nat. Park, 21°14'51''S, 1079m, 2010/11/16 – 2010/11/18, P. Bañař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471150].

Paratypes. AFRICA: Madagascar: 40km N. Ambilobe, 1♀, 1981/09/19, J. Wilson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971570]; Antsiranana, Marojejy Res., 8.4km NNW Manantenina, 14°26'S 49°45'E , 700m, 2♀, 1Ƌ, 1993/11/ 10 – 1993/11/16, C. Griswold, J. Coddington, N. Scharff, S. Larcher, R. Andriamasimanana, (CNCI), [CNC 471143, 471144, 471145]; CE Andasibe Nat. Park, 1♀, 2010/11/03 – 2010/11/06, P. Bañař & L. S. Rahanitriniaina, Circuit Indri 2 sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471152]; Montagne d'Ambre Nat. Park, 1100m, 2♀, 4Ƌ, 2010/10/30, P. Bañař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471139 (♀, wings on slide, Fig. 38e), 471140, 471146, 471147, 471148, 471149 (Ƌ, wings on slide, Fig. 38f)]; Ranomafana Nat. Park, 21°14'51''S 47°24'13''E, 1079m, 2♀, 1Ƌ, 2010/11/16 – 2010/11/18, P. Bañař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471141, 471142, 471151].