Himantura gerrardi (Gray, 1851)

Type locality: India.

As in Neotrygon cf. kuhlii, samples analysed in previous studies (Naylor et al., 2012a, 2012b) indicate cryptic diversity within this species. In those studies, the authors defined five sub-clusters within a species complex designated as Himantura cf. gerrardi 1 to 5. The three additional Taiwanese specimens analysed herein cluster with H. cf. gerrardi 5 (GN7086) from Vietnam (Figure 8). Since vouchered specimens are available from each of these sub-clusters, a detailed morphological taxonomic study is required to identify potential species-specific characters that may distinguish these sub-clusters from each other and help determine whether multiple species are involved.

Himantura astra Australia Pacific Ocean GN1593 Himantura cf. gerrardi 4 Madagascar Indian Ocean GN2018 100 Himantura cf. gerrardi 3 Iran Indian Ocean GN663 Himantura cf. gerrardi 2 Malaysia Pacific Ocean GN3409

100

Himantura cf. gerrardi 2 Indonesia Pacific Ocean GN4795

71.33

88 Himantura cf. gerrardi 2 Indonesia Pacific Ocean GN4828 61.33 Himantura cf. gerrardi 2 Malaysia Pacific Ocean GN3408

100

Himantura cf. gerrardi 2 Malaysia Pacific Ocean GN2872 Himantura cf. gerrardi 1 Malaysia Pacific Ocean GN2944

100 Himantura cf. gerrardi 1 Malaysia Pacific Ocean GN3034

HimanturaHimantura gerrardigerrardi GN9932 HO045

100 HimanturaHimantura gerrardigerrardi GN GN10036 HO149

66.67

Himantura cf. gerrardi 5 Vietnam Pacific Ocean GN7086 83.33

HimanturaHimantura gerrardigerrardi GN10064 HO177

0.04