Novamundoniscus kayabi Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Araujo, n. sp.

(Figs 9; 10; 15)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4004BBE7-3C96-4502-BCB3-C45999E6C65F

TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • ♂ (parts in micropreparations); Toca do Sorvete cave, Nobres, state of Mato Grosso; 14°26’40”S, 56°01’27.4”W; 334 m a.s.l.; 06.V.2015; M. E. Bichuette, A. Chagas-Jr & G. A. Nunes leg.; LES 27973.

Paratypes. Brazil • State of Mato Grosso: 1 ♂ (parts in micropreparations), 1 ♀; Gruta da Fazenda Borba cave, Nobres; 14°30’47”S, 58°58’06.2”W; 311 m a.s.l.; 24.IX.2015; M. E. Bichuette, A. Chagas-Jr & D. M. von Schimonsky leg.; LES 27982 • 1 ♂; Toca da Serra Rica cave, Nobres; 14°26’18.3”S, 56°00’25.1”W; 359 m a.s.l.; 04.V.2015; M. E. Bichuette, A. Chagas-Jr & G. A. Nunes leg.; LES 27983 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (in micropreparations); Duto do Quebó cave, Nobres; 14°26’45.7”S, 56°01’15.9”W; 330 m a.s.l.; 23.IX.2015; M. E. Bichuette, A. Chagas-Jr & D. M. von Schimonsky leg.; LES 27984 .

ETYMOLOGY. — The new species is named in honor of the Kayabí indigenous people (Caiabis in Portuguese). The Kayabis are the biggest native population of the Tupí-Kawahíwa ethnicity inhabiting the state of Mato Grosso.

DESCRIPTION

Maximum body length: ♂ 2.5 mm, ♀ 5 mm. Color light brown with typical muscle spots insertions; distal portion of cephalon, pereonites 1-7, pleonites epimera and telson more pigmented. Body outline as in Figure 9A. Pereonite 1 epimera distinctly directed frontwards but not surpassing cephalon, pereonites 2-7 gradually more arched and directed backwards. Dorsal surface densely covered with fan-shaped scale-setae (Fig. 9B). One line of small piliform noduli laterales per side (Fig. 9B); d/c and b/c coordinates as in Figure 9C and D, respectively. Cephalon (Fig. 9E) with rounded lateral lobes, suprantennal line bent down in middle; eyes with 13 ommatidia. Pleonites 3-5 epimera well developed, acute and directed backwards (Fig. 9A).Telson (Fig. 9F) with lateral sides concave, apex rounded. Antennula (Fig. 9G) with proximal and distal articles subequal in length, distal article bearing about eight aesthetascs in three rows plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 9H) reaching fourth pereonite when extended backwards; flagellum with first and second articles subequal in length, third article bearing lateral aesthetascs, apical organ bearing two long free sensilla. Mandibles (Fig. 9I, J) with molar penicil of about 11 branches. Maxillula (Fig. 9K) inner endite with two hairy penicils, distal margin rounded; outer endite with 4+4 teeth apically simple, outer margin strongly concave with long setae. Maxilla (Fig. 9L) inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae; outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 9M) palp with proximal article bearing two long setae; endite subrectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, distal margin slightly sinuous. Dactylus of two claws subequal in length, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 10A) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin, exopod and endopod similar in length, endopod inserted proximally.

Male

Pereopods 1 and 7 without apparent sexual dimorphism (Fig. 10B, C). Genital papilla (Fig. 10D) with triangular ventral shield, papilla longer than ventral shield bearing two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 10D) exopod subtriangular, inner margin rounded, outer margin almost straight; endopod more than twice as long as exopod, distal portion tapering, directed downwards, bearing short setae on medial portion. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 10E) exopod triangular, outer margin concave bearing two short setae; endopod distinctly longer than exopod. Pleopod 3 and 4 exopods (Fig. 10F, G) triangular, outer margin almost straight bearing short setae. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 10H) triangular, outer margin convex bearing short setae.

REMARKS

The genus Novamundoniscus was erected by Schultz (1995) to allocate the members of Phalloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908 recorded from tropical and temperate zones of the Americas. Leistikow & Wägele (1999) mentioned that the ascription of the following species into Novamundoniscus is dubious, Phalloniscus avrilensis (Van Name, 1940) from Haiti, P. baldoni (Arcangeli, 1930) from Costa Rica, P. barbouri (Van Name, 1926) from Brazil and Panama, P. langi (Van Name, 1936) and P.pearsei (Van Name, 1936) from Guiana, P. loyolai Zardo, 1989, P. meridionalis Araujo & Buckup, 1994, and P. setosus Lemos de Castro, 1960 from Brazil.

To date, the genus includes nine species strictly distributed in South America (Vandel 1952; Lemos de Castro 1960; Schultz 1995; Lopes & Araujo 2003; Campos-Filho et al. 2018a, b). According to the generic diagnosis proposed here, Phalloniscus meridionalis (see Araujo & Buckup 1994) should be placed into Novamundoniscus . The remaining species mentioned need to be revised in order to clarify with certainty their taxonomic status.

Novamundoniscus kayabi Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Araujo, n. sp. is similar to N. macrophthalmus (Lemos de Castro, 1960) in having the eyes composed of 13 ommatidia; however, it differs in the cephalon with lateral lobes well-developed (vs slightly developed in N. macrophthalmus), maxillula outer endite with outer set of teeth simple (vs all cleft in N. macrophthalmus), and male pleopod 1 exopod subtriangular (vs subquadrangular in N. macrophthalmus) (see Lemos de Castro 1960). The color pattern of the body sometimes is not useful to distinguish species, since it can vary according to the available resources. However, Novamundoniscus kayabi Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Araujo, n. sp. does not exhibit any particular characteristic, while N. macrophthalmus has the pereonite 1, 3-7 strongly pigmented with the pereonite 2 unpigmented, which allows a first morphological characterization.

Novamundoniscus kayabi Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Araujo, n. sp. is considered to be a troglophile, due to the absence of troglomorphic characters and its wide distribution in the region of Nobres.