6. Brunia Lam.,

Encycl. 1(2): 474. 1785, nom. cons. [McNeill & al., ICBN: 307. 2006], non L. (1754); Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 178. 1947 p.p. ≡ Nebelia Neck. ex Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 116. 1830, nom. illeg. et rej. (ICBN Art. 14.4); Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 178. 1947

– Type: Brunia paleacea P.J. Bergius ≡ Nebelia paleacea (P.J. Bergius) Sweet.

= Raspalia Brongn. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 377, t. 37, fig. 1. 1826, syn. nov.; Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 147. 1947

– Type: Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn. (= Brunia microphylla Thunb.).

= Mniothamnea Nied. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2a: 136. 1891, syn. nov.; PillansinJ. S. African Bot. 13: 167. 1947

– Type: Mniothamnea callunoides (Oliv.) Nied. ≡ Berzelia callunoides Oliv. (= Brunia callunoides (Oliv.) Class.-Bockh. & E.G.H. Oliv.).

= Lonchostoma Wikstr. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 39: 350. 1818, syn. nov.; Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 133. 1947

– Type: Lonchostoma obtusiflorum Wikstr., nom. illeg. et superfl. (ICBN Art. 52.1) ≡ Passerina pentandra Thunb. (= Lonchostoma pentandrum (Thunb.) Druce).

= Pseudobaeckea Nied. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2a: 136. 1891 p.p. magna, syn. nov.; PillansinJ. S. African Bot. 13: 169. 1947

– Lectotype: Pseudobaeckea cordata (Burm.f.) Nied. ≡ Brunia cordata Burm. f.; designated by Hutchinson, Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 114. 1967.

Growth form: ericoid shrubs or undershrubs, erect or prostrate, rarely small trees; lignotubers absent or present. Leaves: small, appressed or spreading, linear to ovate, often 3-angular, long-ciliate in Brunia subg. Lonchostoma, sessile or petiolate, amphi-, epi-, or hypostomatic; stipules present or absent. Inflorescences: oblong to globose heads, with or without a terminal flower, rarely compound heads ( B. fragarioides, B. powrieae) or solitary flowers on top of leafy shoots ( B. bullata, B. callunoides); terminal and/or lateral, often arranged in racemose or corymbose clusters, main axis growing on in some species; involucral bracts present in B. subg. Brunia and showy in B. paleacea . Flowers: small to minute (except B. subg. Lonchostoma), lateral flowers subtended by 1 bract and 2 bracteoles. Petals: free or postgenitally fused with stamens into a tube (B. subg. Lonchostoma), white to yellowish, rarely burgundy, red, or at least with red stains on lowerhalf ( B. squalida, B. microphylla, B. phylicoides), pinkish ( B. myrtoides, B. purpurea), or vividly red ( B. esterhuyseniae), petal bulges usually forming a thick cushion with a vertical subdivision, in B. subg. Brunia with 2 closely aligned longitudinal ridges in basal half, in B. subg. Lonchostoma bulges reduced to a low ridge or absent. Scent: occasionally present, yeasty or sweet. Stamens: usually 5, included or exserted and occasionally unequal in length ( B. dregeana and B. subg. Brunia), anthers rotund, oblong or subglobose, yellow, rarely red to black ( B. bullata, B. callunoides, B. subg. Lonchostoma), thecae parallel, versatile. Pollen: 5- to 10-colporate, tectum mainly foveolate, butalsorugulate ( B. sphaerocephala, B. villosa) and reticulateand psilate (B. subg. Brunia). Ovary: half-inferiorto almost inferior, rarely superior (B. subg. Lonchostoma); 1- or 2-locular, usually 1-ovulate, butalso 2-ovulate andrarelyupto 10 ovulesperlocule (B. subg. Lonchostoma). Styles: 1 or 2, free. Fruit: 1- or 2-seeded, dry, indehiscent or dehiscent. Habitat: usually on moist soils, riversides or even swamps ( B. fragarioides), if growing in drier areas then receiving humidity from moisture-bearingclouds at high altitudes; 0–2200 m. Flowering time: (September–)October–December(–February), May– August (only B. squalida). Species: 37 species, concentrated in the southwestern region of Western Cape, extending eastwards to the Uitenhage district in Eastern Cape; fynbos plants, often restricted to mountain slopes, some critically rare. B. trigyna is only known from a few sites close to the Indian Ocean coastline inadjacentareasinsouthern KwaZulu-Nataland Eastern Cape (showing a disjunction of ca. 600 km from the easternborder of the main distribution of the family) at an altitude of ca. 90 m.