Poecilimon (Poecilimon) zonatus zonatus Bolívar, 1899

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:502740

Poecilimon zonatus: Bolívar 1899: 597; Jacobson & Bianchi 1905: 313; Kirby 1906: 378; Ramme, 1933: 521; Ramme 1951 [1950]; 332; Bey-Bienko 1954: 292; Karabağ 1964: 46; Çıplak et al. 1996: 249; Ünal 2004: 4; Ünal 2005: 434; Ünal 2010: 140

Poecilimon (Poecilimon) zonatus: Sevgili et al. 2012: 319; Mol et al. 2016: 86.

Isophya poltoratskyi; Uvarov 1917: 4

Poecilimon djakanovi; Çıplak et al. 1996: 249.

Type locality: Turkey, Kahramanmaraş

Holotype: Male

Previous records: Turkey, Adana: Feke-Saimbeyli, 0 8.07. 1952, 900 m (R. Çetik) (Karabağ, 1958) ; Antalya: Kemer, Tahtalı dağ, 10.07.1949, 1900–2000 m (P. H. Davis) (Karabağ, 1958); Elmalı, Ovacık village, 27.07.2013, N 36°44'.20'', E 30° 10'.00'', 1996 m, 1♂ (leg. D. Şirin and M. Kılınç) (Mol et al. 2016); Bitlis: above Kotum, 1830–1980 m, 1♂ (coll. P. H. Davis) (Ünal 2005); Erzincan: Kemaliye, 22.06.1968, 33♂♂ , 35♀♀ (Demirsoy 1975); Tercan ( Gökdere Village) , 27.06.2003, 1♂ (Ünal 2005); - Kemaliye ( Ocak Village) , 27.07.1988, 1♀, 1450 m (as P. djakonovi) (Çıplak et al. 1996, det. B. Çıplak); Kemaliye: Ergü Village (Çatalpınar Mevki), 0 8.07.2005 , 4♂♂, 6♀♀ (H. Sevgili); Ergü Village (Çatalpınar) , 16.07.2005, 1♂ (Y. Durmuş); Munzurlar (Doymuş), 0 7.07.2007, 4♂♂, 5♀♀, 2150 m, N 39 14'. 35’'', E 39 43'.40'' (coll. H. Sevgili); Munzurlar (Doymuştepe), 0 7.07.2007, 7♂♂, 5♀♀, 2200 m (coll. H. Sevgili);- Kekikpınarı, 10.06.2006, 1♂ (coll. H. Sevgili) (Sevgili et al. 2012b); Erzurum: Cir, ♂♂, ♀♀ (Poltoratski) (Uvarov, 1917); Kopdağı pass, about 1500–1800 m , 23.06.1962, 2♀♀ (coll. K. M. Guichard & D. H. Harvey) (Ünal 2005); Gözeler, Ovacık, 14.08.1984, 1♂ (H. Özbek) (Ünal 2010); Kahramanmaraş: Marache, 1♂ (lectotype), 2♂♂, 9♀♀; Bimboğa, 1♀ (paralectotype); Marach, 1♂, 1♀ (coll. M. Escalera) (Ünal 2010); Konya: Bozkır, Karacaören, 21.6.1997, 12♂♂, 4♀♀; 3 km. S. of Elmaağaç, 1200m, 13.06.1997 , 11♂♂, 5♀♀, 2♀♀ nymphs (in alcohol) (Ünal 2001); Malatya: Doğanşehir, Erkekenk village, 27.05.1990, 1300 m , 10♂♂, 11♀, Pütürge, Esencik village, 0 2.06.1990, 1600 m , 7♂♂, 11♀, Kubbe Mountain, 20.06.1990, 1600 m , 3♂♂, 6♀♀; Arguvan, Cevizlidere district, 25.07.1987 , 4♂♂, 2♀♀, Yeşilyurt, Rafa village, 23.07.1990, 2000 m , 5♂♂, 4♀♀ (B. Çıplak) (Çıplak et al. 1996); Muğla: Sandras Dağı, 12.07.1938, 2000–2500 m (coll. Dr. O. Schwarz) (Ramme 1951) ; Van: Van prov., Kuskunkıran pass a 4/5p, 10/13p 2 (Grzywacz et al. 2014); Niğde: Ulukışla, 21.06.1944 (Ankara Ziraat Müc. Enst.) (Karabağ, 1958); Çiftehan, 23.06.1962, 1000 m, 2♂♂, 1♀ (coll. K. M. Guichard & D. H. Harvey) (Ünal 2005); Ulukışla, Ovacık village, N 37°37'.57'' , E 34°33'.33'', ~ 1400 m, 3♂♂, 1♀ (coll. M. Holtz) (Ünal 2010); Tunceli: Ovacık, Karaoğlan, 27.07.1954 (Meşede-on Quercus sp.) (T. Karabağ) (Karabağ, 1958).

Examined materials: Turkey, Adana: between Feke and Saimbeyli, 900 m, 0 8.07.1952, 1♂, 1♀ (coll. R. Çetik, ABDA) ; Adıyaman: Nemrut Mountain, 0 5.06.1999, 3♂♂, 6♀♀ (coll. A. Demirsoy, HUZOM) ; Antalya: Elmalı, Beydağları, around Uzunkarış hill, N 36°43' .55'', E 030°08'.42'', 1758m, 18.06.2016, 7♂♂, 2♀♀, (coll. H. Sevgili & D. Şirin); Kemer, Tahdalıdağ, 1900–2000 m, 10.07.1949, 1♂ (coll. P. H. Davis); Bitlis: Tatvan, 27.06.1947, 1♂ (coll?, ABDA) ; Erzincan: Munzur mountains, 2600 m, 12.08.1971, 3♂♂ (coll. A. Koçak) ; Kemaliye, 9♂♂, 7♀♀ (coll. A. Demirsoy, HUZOM) ; Tercan-Aşkale road, N 39°29', E 48.84 '', 1763 m, 11.07.2002, 14♂♂, 8♀♀ (coll. H. Sevgili, HUZOM) ; Kemaliye, Munzur Dağları, Doymuş tepe, N 39°14'.79'', E 038°43'.46'', 2079 m, 25.07.2016, 16♂♂, 6♀♀, (coll. H. Sevgili, D. Şirin & A. Mol); Erzurum: Zivin, 21.07.1953 (coll?, as P. variicercis, determinated by T. Karabağ in 1960, HUZOM) ; Aşkale, Kop Dağı etekleri, 18.07.1967, 2♂♂ (coll. N. Şişli, HUZOM); Muğla: Sandras Mountain, 1947, 1♂, 1♀ (coll. M. Burr, ABDA) ; Niğde: Ulukışla, 1941, 3♂♂, 3♀♀ (coll?, ABDA) ; Kayseri: Develi, Saraycık village, Donduk mevki, N 38°10' 26.83'', E 35°55' 16.22'', 13.06.1962 (coll?), 1♂ (HUZOM) ; Develi, Saraycık village, Annoluk Mevkii, 13.06.1962, 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (coll?, ABDA) ; Bakırdağ, Kiske village ( Yaylacık), 1200–1900 m, 28.05.1952, 1♂ (coll. Ö. K. Gülen, ABDA); Konya- Antalya: On road between Sarıveliler-Ermenek, 7 km to Ermenek, N 36°38' .56'', E 032°41'.11'', 1655 m, 20.06.2016, 20♂♂, 13♀♀ (coll. H. Sevgili & D. Şirin); Konya: Bozkır, Elmaağaç village, Hadim yolu, near Dam lake, at northern slopes, N 37°06' .41'', E 032°17'.56'', 1370 m, 20.06.2016, 6♂♂, 4♀♀, (coll. H. Sevgili & D. Şirin); Malatya: Arapgir, Karababa, 14.06.1990, 1650 m, 1♀ (coll. B. Çıplak, HUZOM); Arapgir, Eskişehir, 14.06.1990, 1350 m, 1♂, 1♀ (coll. B. Çıplak, HUZOM) ; Pütürge, Kubbe Mountain, 1600 m, 20.06.1990, 3♀♀ (coll. B. Çıplak, HUZOM) ; Beydağı, Rafa, 2000 m, 23.07.1990, 3♂♂ (coll. B. Çıplak, HUZOM); Pütürge, 4 km to Esencik village, N 38°05' .41'', E 038°58'.38'', 1603 m, 24.06.2016, 6♂♂, 9♀♀ (coll. H. Sevgili, D. Şirin & A. Mol); Osmaniye: Sumbas, Gezit Dağı, N 37°43'42.76'', E 36°10'41.81'', 1995 m, 27.07.2017, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (coll. H. Sevgili, D. Şirin, S. Taylan & A. Mol) ; Tunceli: Ovacık, Karaoğlan Forest (on Quercus sp.), 27.07.1954, 1♂, (coll. T. Karabağ, HUZOM) ; Ovacık, 25.06.1970, 5♂♂, 16♀♀ (coll. A. Koçak, HUZOM, 4♂♂, 13♀♀ in ABDA, det. A. Koçak & T. Karabağ) .

Male: Fastigium narrow, nearly half as wide as antennal scape with parallel or slightly convergent sides and dorsally with shallow groove (Fig. 29G–J). Pronotum short, posteriorly not narrowed, laterally widened, anterior margin of the pronotum straight, but posterior margin slightly excised, and laterally almost straight prozona, slightly elevated at metazona (Fig. 21A–G). Tegmina shorter than pronotum, not protruding beyond of first abdominal tergite (Fig. 21A–G).

Male cerci (Fig. 23A–H) proximally massive, gradually tapering towards the apex. Apical part of cerci curved almost in a right angle with longitudinal axis of base. Apex not pointed, ending 4–5 small denticles at bottom edge, 2–3 denticles inner part. Subgenital plate of male wide at base, apically narrowed (Fig. 10J–N). Apical margin of subgenital plate of male is variable from slightly sinuate to almost straight.

Stridulatory file: Stridulatory files of males from eight localities are downcurved at apical part and bear 54–74 fine teeth (Fig. 17A–C; Table 3). The general morphology of the file is similar to that of P. zonatus datca ssp. n., P. variicercis, P. vodnensis and P. salmani sp. n. It differs from these species by having a higher number and a different shape of teeth (Fig. 17; Table 3). In P. zonatus teeth are arranged closer to each other than in other species. Length of the biggest tooth of the file is highly variable with an average of 103 µm.

Bioacoustics: The male calling song consists of faint “click”-like syllables repeated at very variable periods (Figs. 19, 20, 31). Each syllable is a closing hemisyllable, varying between 7–16 ms (Table 4). Each syllable was composed of 3–10 initial impulses of low amplitude and 5–12 impulses with higher amplitude and mean number of impulses per syllable was about 9.7 (Fig. 35). The peak frequencies of the song had their maximum between 37 and 53 kHz.

Female: Fastigium verticis as in male, but it differs slightly in Malatya population with parallel edges, wider than half of scapus and an indistinct sulcus above (Fig. 29F, K). Disk of pronotum laterally widened, frontal margin almost straight, caudal margin slightly concave or straight; pronotum with dorsal margin in profile silightly concave in mesozona (Fig. 21H–L). Tegmina clearly shorter than half of the pronotal length or sometimes fully concealed, but overlapping dorsally (Fig. 21H–L). Subgenital plate small and triangular, weakly projected on caudal margin (Fig. 12E–G). Ovipositor, gonangulum and lamella as in Figs. 12, 28A–D.

Coloration: Although the overall body color is darker, the coloration tends to vary geographically most in those color patterns that vary individually most within a population (Fig. 42–46).

Remarks: P. zonatus can be distinguished from other closely related species P. varicornis, P. variicercis and P. varicornis by the following combination of characters: laterally widened pronotum in both sexes; in general, compared with P. variicercis male cerci less curved inward at distal part; when compared with P. salmani, apex of male cerci not blunt in P. zonatus, P. varicornis and P. variicercis; subgenital plate of male less narrowed than other species at distal part; female cerci slightly thicker at apex (Fig. 27). Of these species of the group, P. z. zonatus shows some similarities to the new species P. salmani in male calling song. It can be acoustically separated from P. salmani by having a longer syllable period and less syllables per minute. Additionaly, syllables of P. salmani contain more impulses, and depending on this, the duration of the syllable is longer. The morphology (pronotum, male and female cerci, male stridulatory file, subgenital plate of both sexes and ovipositor) and some bioacoustics characters of P. z. zonatus are quite different from both P. tauricola and P. azizsancar sp. n ..

The abdominal dorsal colour pattern was used as a taxonomic character by Ramme (1933). However, this pattern is very variable between populations and sexes even in the same population. We observed a clear colour pattern differentiation on abdomen between P. salmani and P. z. datca (see Fig. 46, 48).

P. z. zonatus has the widest distribution between the species of the group. It was found together with some tettigoniids; P. (P.) sanctipauli and Gampsocleis recticauda from Beydağlar (Antalya), Isophya major, Parapholidoptera yoruka, Eupholidoptera sp., Saga rhodiensis from Ermenek, Isophya cf. schneideri, Parapholidoptera sp. from Gezit Mountain (Osmaniye), I. cf. schneideri, Bradyporus (Callimenus) latipes from Pütürge (Malatya), I. cf. schneideri, Tettigonia caudata from Munzur Mountains (Erzincan), probably with I. cf. schneideri and Poecilimon syriacus from Kahramanmaraş.

This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List (2017–3). P. zonatus zonatus has a very wide distribution along the Anatolian Diagonal. This species should be considered with a Least Concern status on the basis of the extent of occurrence criteries of IUCN.