Bracon (Pigeria) piger (Wesmael, 1838)

Bracon piger Wesmael, 1838 . 1–166.

Bracon (Pigeria) piger: Papp, 1998 . 241–251.

Synonyms: Bracon rotundulus Szépligeti, 1904; B. semiluteus Walker, 1874 .

Biology: Biocontrol of Etiella zinckenella; emerge from larva/nymph; gregarious; idiobiont; oviposit on larva; oviposition behaviour; longevity; overwinter as larva.

Hosts: Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Pissodes validirostris (Sahlberg, 1834) . Lepidoptera, Tortricidae: Cnephasia longana (Haworth, 1811); Cydia nigricana (Fabricius, 1794); Pyralidae: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke, 1832); Noctuidae: Heliothis peltigera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775).

Parasitoids: Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae: Eupelmus annulatus Nees, 1834; E. muellneri Ruschka, 1921; Eurytomidae: Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus, 1795); Ichneumonidae: Scambus elegans (Woldstedt, 1877) .

Distribution in Turkey: Adana, Burdur, Icel, Isparta, Kahramanmaras (Beyarslan, 1986a); Edirne, Kirklareli, Tekirdag (Beyarslan, 1987a); Adana, Burdur, Bursa, Edirne, Icel, Isparta, Kahramanmaras, Tekirdag, Sanlıurfa (Beyarslan, 1999); Afyon, Aydin, Denizli, Izmir, Kutahya (Beyarslan et al. 2002a); Tenedos (Beyarslan et al. 2002b); Bartin, Karabuk, Kastamonu, Sinop, Zonguldak (Beyarslan et al. 2005); Tekirdag (Beyarslan et al. 2006a); Amasya, Corum, Ordu, Samsun, Tokat (Beyarslan et al. 2008a); Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Artvin, Bayburt, Cankiri, Corum, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Giresun, Gumushane, Imbros, Igdır, Isparta, Karabuk, Kayseri, Kirikkale, Kirsehir, Konya, Malatya, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Rize, Samsun, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Yozgat (Beyarslan & Cetin Erdogan, 2012).

Distribution: Palaearctic, Nearctic and introduced into Puerto Rico; U.S.A. - California; U.S.A. - Oregon.