59. Simulium (Simulium) tiomanense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Belabut, 2012

Simulium (Simulium) tiomanense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Belabut, 2012b: 408 –412 (Male, pupa and larva).

This species was described from a pharate male, its associated pupal exuviae and a larva collected from Tioman Island (Takaoka et al., 2012b). The female remains unknown. It is characterized in the male by the dichoptic head (in place of the usual holoptic head), which is divided by a very narrow frons, as well as the round enlarged facets (in place of the usual hexagonal facets), and in the pupa by the small pit-like organ and the gill filaments divergent at an angle of 90 degrees or slightly more.

The pupa and larvae were collected from a small lowland stream (width 0.5–2.0 m, water temperature 25̊C, shaded) moderately flowing in a forest, Tioman Island.