Key to Chinese species (males) of Sophonia (Modified from Li et al., 2020)

1. Anterior margin of crown with a black spot (Figs 17,21,29,30,35,36,40,47)....................................... 2

Anterior margin of crown without black spot.............................................................. 10

2. Middle of body with pale longitudinal stripe (Fig. 17)................................................ S. adorana

Middle of body with black longitudinal stripe (Figs 30,35)..................................................... 3

3. Black longitudinal line of body in single line on crown (Fig. 35)................................................ 4

Black longitudinal line of body double or forked on crown (Figs 30,36).......................................... 5

4. Aedeagus with three pairs of processes (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 426, Fig. 285c,d).......................... S. nigrilineata

Aedeagus with two pairs of processes (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 440, Fig. 295b)............................. S. unilineata

5. Black longitudinal line of body double on crown (Fig. 30)......................................... S. longitudinalis

Black longitudinal line of body forked on crown (Figs 21,29,36,40,47)........................................... 6

6. Black longitudinal line of the pronotum and scutellum bordered with blood red (Fig. 36).................... · S. orientalis

Black longitudinal line of the pronotum and scutellum not bordered with blood red................................. 7

7. Body bright yellow (Fig. 40)................................................................... S. spathulata

Body pale yellow (Figs 21,29,47)....................................................................... ·8

8. End of male pygofer side without process (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 443, Fig. 298a)............................. S. zhangi

End of male pygofer side with process................................................................... ·9

9. Aedeagal shaft tube-shaped, its end with a pair of long processes (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 417, Fig. 279c,d)·....... S. hairlinea

Aedeagal shaft not tube-shaped, its end with a pair of short processes (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 407, Fig. 271c,d)·... S. bilineara

10. Middle of dorsum with black longitudinal stripe (Fig. 27,31)·................................................. 11

Middle of dorsum without black longitudinal stripe......................................................... 12

11. Black longitudinal line of body irregular in width (Fig. 31)............................................ · S. lushana

Black longitudinal line of body uniform in width (Fig. 27)............................................... · S. flanka

12. Middle of body or crown with red longitudinal stripe (Figs 19,20,26,38)........................................ ·13

Middle of body or crown without red longitudinal stripe..................................................... 16

13. Middle of body with orange wide longitudinal stripe (Fig. 38).............................................. S. rufa

Middle of body with red thin longitudinal stripe (Fig. 20).................................................... 14

14. Aedeagus with four pairs of spine-shaped processes arising from atrium (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 405, Fig. 270c,d)... S. arcuata

Aedeagus three or fewer pairs of processes arising from atrium............................................... 15

15. Aedeagal shaft with one pair of processes on atrium and two pairs at shaft apex (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 404, Fig. 269c,d)............................................................................................. S. anushamata

Aedeagal shaft with three pairs of processes on atrium and unpaired ventral process near shaft base (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 413, Fig. 276c,d)............................................................................... S. erythrolinea

16. Forewing caudal margin with a black round spot (Figs 24,32,34)............................................... 17

Forewing caudal margin without a black round spot (Figs 41,43)............................................... 32

17. Forewing inner margin orange (Fig. 24)......................................................... S. contrariesa

Forewing inner margin not orange....................................................................... 18

18. Black round spot of forewing caudal margin small (Fig. 32).......................................... S. microstaina

Black round spot of forewing caudal margin large.......................................................... 19

19. Face black (Fig. 34).......................................................................... S. nigrifrons Face not black....................................................................................... 20

20. Apex of forewing dark brown (Figs 28,33)................................................................ 21

End margin of forewing not dark....................................................................... 22

21. Pygofer side with ventral process (Fig. 33)...................................................... S. nigricostana

Pygofer side without ventral process (Fig. 28).................................................. S. fuscomarginata

22. Forewing with middle of inner margin with half-moon shaped marking (Fig. 46)........................ S. yunnanensis

Forewing with middle of inner margin without half-moon shaped marking (Figs 37,42)............................. 23

23. Longitudinal stripe of crown dark brown (Fig. 42)................................................... S. tortuosa

Longitudinal stripe of crown not dark brown (Fig. 37)....................................................... 24

24. Forewing yellow (Fig. 37)..................................................................... · S. pointeda

Forewing not yellow·................................................................................. 25

25. Aedeagus with more than 3 pairs of protrusions (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 441, Fig. 296c, d; 402, Fig. 268c)............... 26

Aedeagus without 3 or fewer pairs of protrusions·.......................................................... 27

26. Base of aedeagus with a ventrally directed spine; atrium with two pairs of processes (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 441, Fig. 296c, d)........................................................................................... S. yingjianga

Base of aedeagus without a ventral spine; atrium with one pair of processes (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 402, Fig. 268c)·. S. albuma

27. Aedeagal atrium with a papilla-shaped or branch-shaped process (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 408, Fig. 272c,d; 409, Fig. 273c,d) ·28

Aedeagal shaft without a papilla-shaped or branch-shaped process............................................. 29

28. Aedeagal shaft without ventral spine near base (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 408, Fig. 272c,d)·.................... · S. biramosa

Aedeagal shaft with ventral spine near base (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 409, Fig. 273c,d)...................... S. branchuma

29. Aedeagus with pair of long processes near midlength extended laterad; atrial arms of atrium each with two short distal projections (Figs 7,8,9)............................................................................. S. furcata sp. nov.

Aedeagus with medial processes of shaft absent or extended along shaft; atrial arms not as above.................... 30

30. Pygofer with a bent apical process (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 412, Fig. 275a; 432, Fig. 289a)............................ 31

Pygofer with a straight apical process (Li, Li & Xing, 2020: 438, Fig. 294a)............................... S. unicolor

31. Anterior lateral edge of crown yellow (Fig. 25).................................................... · S. cyatheana

Anterior lateral edge of crown not yellow (Fig. 39)...................................................... S. rosae

32. Forewing with black transverse stripe near midlength (Fig. 43)....................................... S. transvittata

Forewing without black transverse stripe (Fig. 41).................................................... S. spinula