Key to males of Hepneriana from China

1. Anal tube appendage long, exceeding hind margin of pygofer side (Fig. 6 a).......................... H. longa sp. nov.

- Anal tube appendage short, not reaching hind margin of pygofer side (Figs 1 a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a)........ 2

2. Aedeagal shaft without process (Figs 9 d, f)................................................. H. prostrata sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft with pair of processes (Figs 1 d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 7d, 8f, h, 10e, 11d, 12e)............................... 3

3. Aedeagal shaft with pair of basal processes, directed apically (Figs 10 e, f).......................... H. robusta sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft with pair of apical or subapical processes, directed basad (Figs 1 d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 7d, 8f, h, 11d, 12e)....... 4

4. Processes of aedeagal shaft bifurcated apically (Figs 2 d, e)...................................... H. bicruris sp. nov.

- Processes of aedeagal shaft not bifurcated (Figs 1 d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 7d, 8f, h, 11d, 12e).................................. 5

5. Aedeagal shaft with pair of apical processes (Figs 3 d, 12e)..................................................... 6

- Aedeagal shaft with pair of subapical processes (Figs 1 d, 4d, 5d, 7d, 8f, h, 11d).................................... 7

6. Aedeagal shaft with pair of triangular extensions subapically (Figs 12 e, f)......................... H. undulata sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft without extension subapically (Figs 3 d, e)....................................... H. concava sp. nov.

7. Aedeagal shaft with subequal thickness in lateral view as in caudal view (Figs 11 d, e)............. H. taibaoensis sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft in caudal view much broader than in lateral view (Figs 1 d, e, 4d, e, 5d, e, 7d, f, 8f–i).................... 8

8. Aedeagal shaft with paired processes short and smooth (Figs 5 d, e, 7d, f)......................................... 9

- Aedeagal shaft with paired processes long and serrated on outer margin (Figs 1 e, 4d, 8f, h).......................... 10

9. Aedeagal processes almost straight, directed basad (Fig. 5 d)............................... H. joannae (Dworakowska)

- Aedeagal processes distinctly curved laterad (Fig. 7 d)...................................... H. menglunensis sp. nov.

10. Apex of aedeagal shaft distinctly produced (Fig. 4 d)....................................... H. euryaedeaga sp. nov.

- Apex of aedeagal shaft slightly rounded, without protrusion (Figs 1 d, 8f, h)...................................... 11

11. Aedeagal shaft with paired processes curved laterad distinctly in caudal view (Figs 8 f, h)........... H. paragamma sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft with paired processes not curved laterad in caudal view (Fig. 1 d).................. H. applanata sp. nov.