Telemiades corbulo (Stoll, 1781)

(Figs 62–65, 158, 194, 212)

Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781, in Cramer. Uitland. Kap. 4, p. 122, pl. 354A (d); Suriname; W. van der Meulen collection.—Stoll, 1782, in Cramer. Uitland. Kap. 4, Essai, p. 15.—Jung, 1791. Alphabet. Verz. 1, p. 138.

Celaenorrhinus corbulo; Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106.—Plötz, 1879. Stett. ent. Ztg. 40: 179.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 253.

Hesperia corbulo; Verloren, 1837. Cat. Syst. Cramer, p. 131, 220.

Nisoniades corbulo; Westwood, 1852, in Doubleday. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. 520.—Ménétriés, 1855. Enum. Corp.Anim. Mus. Petrop., Lep. 1, p. 64; syn.: obscurus.

Achlyodes corbulo; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 632; syn.: obscurus.—H. Druce, 1876. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 249.—Kirby, 1880. Proc. r. Dublin Soc. 2: 329.—Reuter, 1896. Acta Soc. Sc. Fenn. 22: 194.—Weeks, 1901. Ill. unfig. Lep., p. 21.—Weeks, 1905. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 1, p. 21.—Weeks, 1911. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. XV.

Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876 . Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)18: 353; Cayenne, [French Guiana]; Hewitson collection.

Pellicia corbulo; Möschler, 1877. Verh. zool.–bot. Ges. Wien 26: 339; syn.: obscurus.

Telegonus praestes; Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 817.—Weeks, 1911. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. XIV.

Telemiades corbulo; Mabille, 1878. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21: 27.— Burns & Janzen, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 770–781, figs 4–6 (male gen.), 15–18 (male, female d, v), 19 (hind wing d); syn.: insulsus, praestes; host plant.—Mielke; Carneiro & Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.—Garwood & Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 65, figs (d, v).—Sambhu & Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.

Eudamus proestes [sic]; Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 214.

Anastrus corbulo; Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 54.—Lindsey, 1925. Denis. Univ. Bull., Jour. Sc. Lab. 21: 82, pl. 27, fig. 2 (male gen.).

Pyrdalus corbulo; Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 60.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 893, pl. 174e (d).—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 99.— Williams & Bell, 1933. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 59: 83, pl. 4, fig. 3 (male gen.); syn.: praestes .— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 148; syn.: praestes .—Hall, 1939. Agric. Jour. Brit. Guiana 10: 223.—Hall, 1940. Ent. Bull. Brit. Guiana Dept. Agric. 3: 59.—K. Brown & Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—Ebert, 1968, in Silva et al. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (2), p. 238; syn.: corbolo .—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 86, fig. 19 (female d), p. 248.—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 86, fig. 19 (female d), p. 248.—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 29, 59, 96; 2, p. 29; syn.: insulsus, praestes .—K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 167.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 46, 91, 153; 2, p. 48; syn.: insulsus, praestes .—Austin; Brock & Mielke, 1993. Trop. Lep. 4, Suppl. 2: 6; ecol.—Mielke & Schröder, 1994. Senckenb. biol. 73: 136, fig. 5 (female gen.); syn.: insulsus .— Murray, 2000. Jour. Res. Lep. 35: 52.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 96; host plant.

Pyrdalus corbulo corbulo; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 32, pl. 28 (male gen.); syn.: praestes, insulsus .— Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 28.—Th. Emmel & Austin, 1990. Trop. Lep. 1: 8.— Mielke, 1993. Revta bras. Ent. 37: 614, fig. 22 (female gen.); syn.: insulsus .—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson & Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 53, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: praestes, insulsus, corbolo .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 7; 3, p. 664; syn.: praestes, proestes, insulsus, corbolo . —Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca & Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 17.—Soares et al., 2011. Trop Lep. Res. 21 (2): 72.

Pyrdalus corbolo [sic]; Silva et al., 1968. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (1), p. 319; host plant.—J. Zikán & W. Zikán, 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 62.

(no genus) corbulo; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 117.

(no genus) praestes; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 238.

Telemiades corbulo ssp. Mielke; Emery & Pinheiro, 2008. Revta bras. Ent. 52 (2): 286.

Telemiades corbulo corbulo; Casagrande et al., 2012. Revta bras. Ent. 56 (1): 27.

Type material. Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suriname in the der Meulen collection. In the same study, Stoll (1781) described Telemiades epicalus, which the syntypes were found at NBCN. However, no syntypes of P. corbulo were found in this museum. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, a male specimen is hereby designated neotype of Papilio corbulo . The chosen neotype specimen has the same morphological characteristics of the male illustrated by Stoll (1781, pl. 354A (d)) and is deposited at the DZUP with the following labels: / Neotypus / Brasil, Pará, S.[anto] Antonio de Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul 19–III–2005 P. Jauffret leg./ Telemiades corbulo (Stoll, 1781) O. Mielke det. 2009/ Neotypus Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781 Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2019/ DZ 26.357/.

Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Cayenne [French Guiana]. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated in Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] praestes, Hew. / Type [verso from the same label:] H 720/ praestes / [red label]/ Cayenne. Hewitson Coll. 79–69. Eudamus praestes . 1./ BMNH(E) 1669512/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876 Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.

Diagnosis. FW length: males 17–19 mm (n=15) and females 20–21 mm (n=6). Telemiades corbulo is distinguished from other species of this group by the following characters: ground color of males metalic blue and females lilac/purple; VFW of males with a creamy androconial patch in CuA 2 –2A; DHW with a tuft of long dark hair–like scales in Sc+R 1 –Rs and oval creamy patch under the tuft of androconial scales; uncus with distal margin concave; lamella antevaginalis rectangular, anterior margin rounded; lamella postvaginalis rectangular, bifid, distal margin truncated; corpus bursae with a strong sclerotized area.

Variation. The ground color varies in its intensity.

Natural history. Immatures have been reported on Inga sp. and Inga semialata (Mimosoidea) (Beccaloni et al. 2008) . Several males were collected using the Ahrenholz technique (Lamas et al. 1993) at National Park of Serra do Divisor, Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil.

Distribution. Telemiades corbulo has been recorded in Panama, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil, commonly found in Amazonian forested areas from Amazonia.

Taxonomic discussion. Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781 has been transferred to Celaenorrhinus (Hübner [1819]), Hesperia (Verloren 1837), Nisoniades (Westwood 1852), Achlyodes (Kirby 1871), Pellicia (Möschler 1877), Telemiades (Mabille 1878) and Anastrus (Watson 1893) . Later, Mabille (1903) described Pyrdalus and designated P. corbulo as the type species of the genus. This proposal was followed until Burns & Janzen (2005) considered Pyrdalus a junior synonym of Telemiades, consequently transferring the species again to the latter. As discussed by Burns & Janzen (2005), T. corbulo and T. oiclus form a subgroup of Telemiades and, although they have unique characters (such as the secondary androconial organs in males), these features do not seem important enough to put them into a separate genus. The morphology of the male and female genitalia is characteristic of Telemiades . Its synonym, Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, was transferred to Telegonus (Kirby 1877) and again to Eudamus (Kirby 1879) . Williams & Bell (1933) synonymized E. praestes with Pyrdalus corbulo . After examination of the type material of E. praestes this synonym has been confirmed.

Examined material. No data: 1 male (NBC).

PANAMA: Chiriqui —no specific locality, 1 male (ZSM) .

PERU: no specific locality: 3 males and 2 females, NHMUK 010241986, NHMUK 010241988, NHMUK 010242023, NHMUK 010242024, NHMUK 010241987 (NHMUK). Loreto— Agua Blanca, 130 m, 22–IX–2003, 1 male, J. J. Ramírez leg. (MHNL) ; Caballococha, V–VII–1884, 1 male and 2 females, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010241998, NHMUK 010242000, NHMUK 010242001 (NHMUK) ; Contamana, Contaya, 200–600 m, XI–2005, 2 males, OM 67.976, OM 68.362 (DZUP–OM) ; Iquitos, VI–1932, 1 female, G. Klug leg., NHMUK 010241999 (NHMUK) ; IX–1932, 1 male, Goeldi leg., NHMUK 010242010 (NHMUK); Pebas, 1880, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242007 (NHMUK). Yurimaguas, 1 female, DZ 12.428* (DZUP). Madre de Díos— Parque Nacional del Manu, Pakitza, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W, 340 m, 2–X–1991, 1 female, R. Robbins leg. (MHNL) ; Shintuya, 3,3 Km NE, Albergue Pantiacolla, 12° 39’ 21’’S, 71° 13’ 53’’W, 4–8–XI–2017, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 85.738, OM 85.948 (DZUP–OM); 18-22-VI-2019, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 89.280 (DZUP-OM). Ucayali— Pucallpa, XI–1981, 1 male, Schunke leg., OM 65.900 *, OM 65.907 (DZUP–OM)

.

BOLIVIA: Beni— Reyes, 7–VIII–1895, 1 male and 1 female, Stuart leg., NHMUK 010242002, NHMUK 010242003 (NHMUK) .

GUYANA: Rio Carimang, 1 female, H. Whitely leg., NHMUK 010241995 (NHMUK); Demerara— Demerara Castell, 1 female, NHMUK 010241997 (NHMUK); Rio Demerara, 1 female, NHMUK 010241996 (NHMUK) .

SURINAME: no specific locality, 1 male and 1 female (ZSM); Paramaribo — Paramaribo, VII–1892, 1 male, NHMUK 010241994 (NHMUK) .

FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 1 female, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010241989 (NHMUK) . Rimior, 27–III–1986, 1 female, Covell leg., OM 33.558 (DZUP–OM); Caiena, 4 males, NHMUK 010241990, NHMUK 010241991, NHMUK 010241992, NHMUK 010241993 (NHMUK) .

BRAZIL: no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242021 (NHMUK). Acre— Bujari, 50 Km NO, 200 m, 18–20–IX–2001, 1 male and 1 female, O.–C. Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.360, DZ 26.361 (DZUP) ; Mâncio Lima, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 200–400 m, 20–27–VI–2013, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias & Dolibaina leg., DZ 36.159 (DZUP); 23–30–VIII–2014, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert & Salik leg., DZ 36.157 (DZUP) ; Marechal Thaumaturgo, Foz do Rio Tejo, 23–VIII–1997, 1 male, Brown & Freitas leg., OM 46.667 (DZUP–OM); Rio Juruá, 3–IX–1997, 1 male, Brown & Freitas leg., OM 46.561 (DZUP–OM); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 200 m, 8–10–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.364 (DZUP) ; Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 27–VIII–5– IX–2011, 1 male, Dolibaina & Moura leg., DZ 36.158 (DZUP). Amazonas— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242008 (NHMUK), 2 females (ZSM) . Barcelos, Rio Negro, 30–VII–1927, 1 female, J. F. Zikán leg., OM 8.145 (DZUP) ; Manaus, 41 Km N, 24–IV–2002, 1 male, R. Vieira & A. Reis leg., DZ 26.365 (DZUP) ; Maraã, II–1995, 1 male, M. Buchë leg., OM 43.205 (DZUP–OM); Nhamundá, Rio Nhamundá, Cupiranga, 1° 53’ 58’’S, 57° 02’ 59’’W, 20–22–V–2008, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.359 (DZUP) ; Tapajós, 1 male and 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242004, NHMUK 010242009 (NHMUK); Tefé, 2 males and 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242019, NHMUK 010242006, NHMUK 010242005 (NHMUK). Bahia— no specific locality, 1 female, NHMUK 010242020 (NHMUK). Maranhão— Imperatriz, 12–VII–1974, 1 male, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 26.363 (DZUP). Mato Grosso— Chapada dos Guimarães, 1 female, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242022 (NHMUK). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male, Dr. Goeldi leg., NHMUK 010242011 (NHMUK); 2 males and 2 females, A. M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242013, NHMUK 010242014, NHMUK 010242012, NHMUK 010242015 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242017 (NHMUK) . Acará, Alça Viária, 8–VII–2007, 1 male, Jauffret & Jauffret leg., DZ 26.366 (DZUP) ; Belém, 20 m, I–1984, 1 male, Becker leg., OM 50.802 (DZUP–OM); Parque Estadual do Utinga, 1 female, Roppa & Mielke leg., 100/392 (MNRJ) ; Santa Bárbara do Pará, 2–3–II– 2010, 1 female, Carneiro, Dolibaina, Dias & Moreira leg., DZ 26.358 (DZUP); Santo Antônio do Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul, 11–I–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.356 (DZUP); 19–III–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.357 (DZUP) ; Santarém, 1 male and 1 female, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242018 NHMUK 010242016 (NHMUK). Rondônia— Cacaulândia, 8–19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 39.334 (DZUP–OM). Roraima— Amajari, Tepequem, 1-15-XII-2016, 1 male, Boldrini & Rafael leg., DZ 47.081 (DZUP) .