Telemiades laogonus (Hewitson, 1876)

(Figs 34–37, 151, 187, 208)

Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 . Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)18: 354; Brazil; Staudinger collection.

Telegonus laogonus; Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 817.

Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 71; n° 5.037 [holotype], Pará [Brazil]; Mus. Berol.— Godman, 1907. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 135. syn. nov.

Cabares nicola; Mabille & Boullet, 1919. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (10)2: 208, 209.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 878, pl. 170f (d, v).— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 119.

Telemiades simplicius Hayward, 1933 . Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 181, female holotype, Misiones, Argentina; Breyer collection.— Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 190.—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 218, pl. 20 (pl. supl.), fig. 4 (d).— Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., 2: 250.—Hayward, 1964. Acta zool. Lill. 19: 330.

Telemiades laogonus; Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 134; syn.: nicola, lamus, simplicius .— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 134, 135, pls 5, fig. 11 (male gen.), 20, fig. 14 (d); syn.: nicola, lamus, simplicius .—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 63, 110; 2, p. 36; syn.: simplicius .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 100, 173; 2, p. 60; syn.: simplicius .

Telemiades laogonus laogonus; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 31, pl. 28 (male gen.); syn.: simplicius .—Biezanko & Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 65.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 37; syn.: simplicius .—K. Brown, 1992, in Morellato. Hist. nat. Japi, p. 176, fig. 16 (d).— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 64, 457, fig. (d).— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: simplicius .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 746; syn.: simplicius .—Mielke; Emery & Pinheiro, 2008. Revta bras. Ent. 52 (2): 286.—Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77.—Giovenardi et al., 2013. Rev. colomb. Ent. 39 (2), Supl., p. 12.

Telemiades laogonus nicola; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 31.—K. Brown & Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 161.— Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 81; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 129; 2, p. 60.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 746.

(no genus) laogonus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 180.

(no genus) nicola; Bridges, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 212.

(no genus) simplicius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 260.

Type material. Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Brazil from the Otto Staudinger collection. One male syntype was found at ZMHU, where the Staudinger material is housed, with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Typus/ Brasilia Capta D. Swainson./ Laogonus / Coll. Sommer/ Coll. Staudinger/ laogonus Hw. /. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.

Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 was described based on the male holotype from Pará, Brazil. The male holotype is deposited at the ZMHU and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Holotypus Nr./ 5037/ Pará Sieb/ nicola Pl. Type/.

Telemiades simplicius Hayward, 1933 was described based on the female holotype and on one male paratype from Misiones, Argentina. The female holotype is deposited at the MLP with the following labels: / Iguazu, Argentina, A. Breyer, X–1928 / Tipus/ Telemiades simplicius Holotipo ♀ Hayward/ 2523/.

Diagnosis. FW length: males 15–17 mm (n=10) and females 17–18 mm (n=5). Telemiades laogonus is the only species of the genus with irregular margin in HW with a small projection in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2 and the tornus rounded. Additionally, the following genitalia characters differs T. laogonus from other species of the genus: tegumen with short apophysys, about 1/3 the size of uncus; valva with dorsal margin concave; harpe triangular with distal margin serrated; lamella antevaginalis laterally slightly sclerotized; lamella antevaginalis with distal margin bilobed and laterally with a thin–like projection; proximal margin bifid, triangular, ventrally with a small area covered by small scales and extending in a thin–like projection.

Variation. Some specimens have two hyaline spots below the apicals in M 1 –M 2 and M 2 –M 3.

Distribution. Telemiades laogonus is widely distributed in South America, with records in forested areas of French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina.

Taxonomic discussion. Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 was transferred to the genus Telegonus Hübner, [1819] by Kirby (1877) and later to Telemiades by Hayward (1947b). In this same study, Hayward (1947b) synonymized Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882, Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 and Telemiades simplicius Hayward, 1933 with Telemiades laogonus . After Hayward’s study (1947b), Plesioneura lamus and Telemiades simplicius were treated as synonyms of Telemiades avitus and T. laogonus by Evans (1953), respectively, while Proteides nicola was interpreted as a subspecies of T. laogonus . The analysis of the type material of P. nicola syn. nov. (besides the series of specimens analyzed here) supports the hypothesis of a synonym of T. laogonus . The character that Evans (1953) used to separate the two subspecies of T. laogonus (presence or absence of the costal spot in FW) is variable. Specimens collected in the same locality may vary with respect to this feature.

Examined material. No data: 1 male (ZSM); 1 female, NHMUK 010242373 (NHMUK).

PERU: no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Hamilton Druce, NHMUK 010242371 (NHMUK) .

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz— Chiquitos, 20–XI–1953, 1 male, OM 12.433 (DZUP–OM) .

FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 1 male, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010242370 (NHMUK) .

BRAZIL: Amazonas— no specific locality, 1 male, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242378 (NHMUK) . Ceará— Meruoca, Serra da Meruoca, 1–V–2005, 1 male, Pessoa leg., OM 66.908 (DZUP–OM) ; Viçosa do Ceará, Serra da Ibiapaba, 850 m, 13–VI–2006, 1 male, Pessoa leg., OM 67.867 (DZUP–OM) . Rondônia— Cacaulândia, 7 Km E, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 27–28–VII–1991, 1 female, C. Mielke & Miers leg., OM 27.314 (DZUP–OM) . Maran-hão— Feira Nova do Maranhão, 26 Km L, Fazenda Forquilha dos Brejos, 07º 00’ 29’’ S, 46º 26’ 30’’ W, 28–XI–4– XII–2010, 2 males, Mielke & Carneiro leg., DZ 26.192 (DZUP) ; 29–XII–2011, 1 female, C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.194 (DZUP); 31–XII–2011, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.193 (DZUP); 17–IV–2012, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 36.094 (DZUP) . Mato Grosso— Cáceres, 19–25–XI–1984, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.188 (DZUP) ; 1–15– XII–1984, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.186 (DZUP) . Goiás— Goiás Velho, XII–1976, 1 male, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.190 (DZUP) ; 26–V–1977, 1 male, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.197* (DZUP); 25–VIII– 1978, 1 female, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.198 (DZUP); 24–26–III–1978, 1 male, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.201 (DZUP); Vianópolis, III–1930, 1 female, Spitz leg., ex–coll. Spitz, OM 11.268 (DZUP–OM) . Distrito Federal— Brasília, Rio Maranhão, 1 female, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 34.053 (DZUP) . Pará— Óbidos, 1 female, ex–coll. May, OM 8.609 * (DZUP–OM) ; Santarém, I–1878, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242372 * (NHMUK) ; 1 male, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242374 (NHMUK); I–1878, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242375 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242376 * (NHMUK); 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242377 (NHMUK); 1 female, NHMUK 010242186 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242187 * (NHMUK); Alter do Chão, 24–I–1971, 1 male, Tangerini leg., OM 29.831 * (DZUP– OM) . Espírito Santo— Baixo Guandu, 1–10–IV–1971, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg., DZ 26.202 (DZUP) . Minas Gerais— Conceição dos Ouros, 27–XII–2002, 1 male, OM 59.992 (DZUP–OM) ; 10–II–2003, 1 male, OM 60.367 (DZUP–OM); Lagoa Dourada, 1000 m, 17–VII–1955, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.187 (DZUP) ; Paracatú, 16–VI–1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 26.200 (DZUP) ; Sabará, 13–18–IV–1981, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.196 (DZUP) ; São Francisco, 5–10–IV–1982, 1 female, Elias leg., DZ 26.185 (DZUP) ; VIII–1985, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.184 (DZUP); São Roque de Minas, São José do Barreiro, 20°18’39’’S, 46°32’10’’O, 870 m, 2–VI–2017, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., OM 84.110 (DZUP–OM) . São Paulo— Rio Claro, 600 m, 8–IV–1962, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.189 (DZUP) ; 27–II–1963, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.203 (DZUP) . Paraná— Fênix, 300 m, 29–IV–1987, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.191, DZ 26.199* (DZUP) ; Foz do Iguaçu, 23–I–2014, 1 male, Greve leg., DZ 34.052 (DZUP) . Santa Catarina— Seara, Nova Teutônia, 300–500 m, II–1981, 1 female, Plaumann leg., OM 29.627 (DZUP–OM) . Rio Grande do Sul— Santa Rosa, 20–XII–53, 1 male, C. Biezanko leg., NHMUK 010242379 (NHMUK) .

ARGENTINA: Misiones— Almirante Brown, General Belgrano, Reserva Yacutinga, 2–5–III–2007, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.195 (DZUP); Dos de Mayo, 28–IX–1989, 1 male, Foerster leg., OM 26.303 (DZUP–OM); Posadas, XII–1922, 1 male, NHMUK 010242188 * (NHMUK); 13–15–I–1927, 1 male, ex–coll. Hamilton Druce, NHMUK 010242380 (NHMUK) .