[19] Parena (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes, 1947)

Habitus: Figs 43A, 43B, 43C. Male genitalia: Fig. 44. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11G.

Andrewes, 1947: 46 (original: Bothynoptera; type locality: Burma: Kambaiti; holotype in NHRS); Jedlička, 1951: 60 ( Bothynoptera); Jedlička, 1963: 447 ( Bothynoptera); Kirschenhofer, 1996: 781 (Yunnan); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89.

Parena albomaculata Habu, 1979: 55 (type locality: Taiwan: Tottaka; holotype in NMNS: National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 88. Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Bothynoptera malaisei Andrewes: Holotype (NHRS, Fig. 43A): male, body length = 7.1 mm, board mounted, "N.E. BURMA / Kambaiti, 7000 ft. / 23/5 1934 / R. MALAISE", "Typus" [red label], "7882 / E91+" [blue label], "Figured / Specimen", " Bothynoptera / malaisei / type Andr. / H.E. Andrewes det.", "NHRS-JLKB / 000020251". Paratypes (NHML): 1 ex, "N.E. Burma / Kambaiti, 7000ft. / 18/4 1934 R. Malaise", "Para-type" [round label with yellow circle], "Brit. Mus. / 1947-14", " Bothynoptera / malaisei / Cotype Andr. / H.E. Andrewes det.". 1 ex, "N.E. Burma / Kambaiti, 2000 m / 23/5.1934 Malaise", "Co-type"[round label with green circle]; " Bothynoptera / malaisei / Cotype Andr. / H.E. Andrewes det.".

Notes on types and synonyms. Parena albomaculata Habu: Habu described this species without comparison with P. malaisei, which is very similar in external features. We studied male genitalia of P. malaisei from several localities including Taiwan (Fig. 44B), the type locality of P. albomaculata, and found that they have only very subtle differences in the apical lamella. Thus we treat P. albomaculata as a junior synonym of P. malaisei .

Non-type material examined. China: 1 ex (IZAS), "Hubei, Xuan-en, Shadaogou, Longtan station, 29.6998 109.6511, 631 m, 2016.4.30 D Liang HB., Zhao KD. lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Hunan, Sangzhi, Tianpingshan, 1330 m, 2014.X.24 D, 29.7712 110.0680, Yao Jian lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), "Sichuan, Baoxing, Fengtongzhai, 2004.VIII.1-3, Yang Xiujuan, Hua Huiran lgt.". 1 male (HBUM), " Sichuan, Baoxing, Fengtongzhai,, 2004.VIII.1-3, Yang Xiujuan, Hua Huiran lgt.". 1 ex (ZWWC), "Chongqing, Fuling, Damu forestry station, 1600 m, 2006.V.1, Zhang Weiwei lgt.". 2 ex (HBUM), "Guizhou, Leishan, Fangxiang, 2005.IX.15-16, Wang Jiliang, Gao Chao lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Guizhou, Daozhen, Xiannyudong, 650 m, 2006.V.17, Zhou Huizhong lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Guangxi, Tianlin, Linaoshan, 1300-1400 m, 2002.V.28, Liu Jianwen lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Guangxi, Xing'an, Maoershan, light trap, N25.87001, E110.41660, 2005 m, 2006.VI.25, Liang Hongbin, T. Sota lgt.". 1 male (CCCC), "Guangxi, Jinxiu, Dayaoshan, Tiantoutun, 1100 m, 2016.VIII-06, Zhao J.T. lgt." <Fig. 44A>. 1 ex (CCCC), "Yunnan, Gongshan, Xiongdang, 1919 m, 2015-VII-13, Yang X.D. lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Yunnan, Gongshan, Menggaguo, 2834 m, 2016-VI-11, Yang X.D. lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Yunnan, Lushui, Pianma, 2643 m, 2014-VI-17, Yang X.D. lgt.". 1 ex (CAS), "Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing, beating on vegetation, N25.30764, E98.79367, 1625 m, 2005.VI.2 d, Kavanaugh D lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Yunnan, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 1980 m, 2002.V.04, Song Jinxin lgt.". 1 ex (CAS), "Yunnan, Houqiao, Guyong, on vegetation, 2006.5.27, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Yunnan, Houqiao, Yangjiatian, beating, 2006.5.28, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Yunnan, Tengchong, Qushi, 2006.08.14, Liu Biao lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Yunnan, Jinping, Fenshuiling, 1870 m, 2009.V.27, Bi Wenxuan lgt." <Fig. 43B>. 1 female (CAU), "Xizang, Zayu, 1700 m, 1978-vi-29, Li Fasheng lgt.". 1 female, (CAU), "Xizang, Yigong, 2300 m, Li Fasheng lgt., 1978-vi-16 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "Xizang, Mêdog, Gedang Xiang, Xingkai vill, 2025 m, 2019.VIII.15 N, N29.46414 E95.73563, Ma Z, Zhou R lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Xizang, Bomi county, Tongmai bridge, 2025 m, 2019.VIII.19 N, N30.09632 E95.06610, Liang HB, Xu Y. lgt.". 1 ex (MTMB), "Taiwan, Nantou county, Kao-Leng Dyi, 18km W of Wushe, N24°4.561' E121°8.046', 1945 m, swept from vegetation, 18-19.IV.2002, leg. D. Anstine, Gy. Fabian & O. Merkl ". 5 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hualien, Bilyu scarce tree, 1995.V.2 " <Figs 11G, 44B>. 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hualien, Xiulin, Guanyuan, 2006.VIII.29 ". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Pingtung county, Tai24 Road, 1500 m, 1988.V.2 ". 2 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Talu forest road, 1997.V.31, Chen Changchin lgt.". 3 ex (IZAS), " Taiwan, Ilan county, Taiping Shan, Beech Path 38 k, 2020.VI.10, Huang Jialong lgt." . Laos: 1 ex (NHMB), "Laos-NE, Houa Phan prov. ~20°13N 104°00'E, Phou Pane Mt., 1.-16.vi.2009, 1350-1500 m, M. Brancucci leg.", "NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague, Laos 2009 Expediton, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kubari " . Nepal: 1 male (NHMB), " Gorza Dobhan, 2100- 700 m, 6.VI.1985 ", "E-Nepal, Mechi, M. Brancucci ". 1 male (NHMB), "Mure Num, 2000- 1550 m, 4-7.VI.1983 ", "E-Nepal, Arun v., M. Brancucci " <Figs 43C, 44C >.

Comparisons. This species is easily distinguished from all other species of subgenus Bothynoptera by its exceptional elytra pattern (with serrate pale band). The male genitalia of this species are very similar to those of P. monostigma with the apex of median lobe only weakly bent to the right side, but they have small differences in the shape of the apical lamella and ventral margin.

Description. Body length 6.7–8.2 mm. Head reddish brown to piceous, frons generally with red triangular patch; pronotum with disc dark brown, lateral margins light brown; elytra background reddish brown, lateral intervals darker in some specimens, with a splayed, serrate, pale band behind middle, narrowest on interval 4, a pair of small elongate spots often present on basal fifth of interval 5, elytral pale patches with borders much darker than background in most specimens; legs, antennae, and mouthparts yellowish brown; venter yellowish brown. Labrum weakly dilated to apex, apex very weakly emarginate. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.20–1.32, slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.89–0.98; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, weakly expanded at anterior half, and then slightly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular with rounded apex. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals with very sparse punctures. Males with biseriate adhesive setae almost on full length of mesotarsomeres 2 and 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout, in dorsal view apex only slightly bent to right; in lateral view ventral margin well expanded near middle; apical lamella thick and short, LL usually much smaller than LW, apex rounded-truncate. Endophallus with squamate sac not divided. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, slightly shorter than basal width, apex slightly concave near middle, with six or seven ensiform setae, nearly evenly arranged.

Distribution (Map 8, blue). China (Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan, Xizang), Myanmar, Laos, Nepal.

Geographical variation. We examined two males from Nepal representing the westernmost limit of this species (Fig. 43C). They slightly differ from specimens from eastern localities (Fig. 43B) in having the elytral pale band strongly extended to elytra base on interval 1 and the pale spots on the interval 5 rounded, not elongate. The male genitalia of this species also vary slightly among specimens from different localities, mainly in the shape of the apical lamella. Among specimens from eastern localities (e.g. Taiwan) to western localities (e.g. Nepal), the apical lamella varies from shorter and wider (Fig. 44B) to slightly longer and narrower (Fig. 44C).