Tolhuaca brasiliensis, new species

Figs. 4, 7, 8

This new species lacks the sclerotized conical endothecal spines found in T. cupulifera . Tergum X is quadrate in lateral view, whereas in T. cupulifera it is triangular. Tergum X is also shallowly excavate apicomesally, while it is deeply excavate in T. cupulifera . Tolhuaca brasiliensis is about half the size of T. cupulifera and also has narrower wings. The species is known only from southeastern Brazil.

Adult. Length of forewing: male 2.7–2.8 mm (n=2), female 2.7 mm (n=1). Body, wings, and appendages nearly uniformly fuscous, tibia and tarsi yellowish brown. Forewing (Fig. 4 A) narrow, margins nearly parallel; with erect setae along Cu2; Sc reaching anterior margin; fork I emerging beyond cord; fork II emerging at cord; forks III and IV shorter than their stems; A3 gradually intersecting A2; crossveins r, d, r­m, and mcu faintly visible, forming nearly straight line. Hind wing (Fig. 4 B) relatively narrow, tappering slightly past anastomosis, subacute apically; Sc and R1 fused; fork II subequal to its stem; fork III shorter than its stem; crossvein r­m faintly visible, r and m­cu absent.

Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Sternum VI (Fig. 7 C) with somewhat thickened, basally curved, mesal process, projecting downward. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 7 A) well developed dorsally and laterally, but extremely reduced ventrally, forming very thin sclerotized strap; anterior margin broadly rounded; tergum IX, in dorsal view (Fig. 7 B), with posteromesal margin rounded; membranous connection between segments IX and X distinct. Tergum X (Figs. 7 A, 7B) covered with fine microtrichia; in lateral view (Fig. 7 A), parallel sided, with broad lateral flange, setose apically and laterally, with rounded apicoventral processes, apex subtruncate; in dorsal view (Fig. 7 B), with lateral margins nearly straight and subparallel; apex slightly excavate medially. Phallobase (Figs. 7 A, 7D) large and tubular, projecting apicodorsally, with basal extension and apparent suture and constriction medially; lightly sclerotized, but rugose ventrally and dorsally, with small, stout setae laterally and ventrally; endotheca (Figs. 7 A, 7D) entirely membranous, greatly enlarged and convoluted when evaginated, with 3 convoluted tubular sclerites of varying lengths.

Female genitalia (Fig. 8). Sternum V with oblique, slightly raised, sclerotized mesal linear ridge. Sternum VI process associated with slightly oblique apodeme. Segment VII normally developed. Abdominal segment VIII synscleritous, anterior margin membranous and receding ventrally, merging with intersegmental membrane, posterodorsal and posteroventral margins distinct and lightly sclerotized. Tergum IX lightly sclerotized. Tergum X, in lateral view, elongate, slightly bulbous; in dorsal and ventral views, bulbous, bearing cerci.

Holotype male: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, 1st order trib. to Rio Galharada, 22°41'40"S, 045°27'47"W, 1530 m, 14–16.ix.2002, Blahnik, Prather, Huamantinco (UMSP 000087908) (MZUSP).

Paratypes: BRAZIL: same data as holotype — 1 female (UMSP); same except Rio Galharada, 13–15.ix.2002, Blahnik, Prather, Melo, Huamantinco — 1 male (UMSP).

Distribution. Brazil. This species is known only from the type locality in the Serra da Mantiqueira.

Etymology. Named for the type locality, in recognition of first species of the genus Tolhuaca to be discovered in Brazil.