* Echinometra oblonga (Blainville, 1825)

Fig. 48 A–B.

Echinometra oblonga: A. Agassiz, 1863: 21; A. Agassiz, 1872 –1874: 116, 433. Pl. XXXVI, Fig. 5; H.L. Clark, 1912: 373 –374; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 144; Schultz, 2011: 1276, Fig. 2275; Filander & Griffiths, 2014: 53. Pl. II, Fig. C. Echinometra mathei oblonga: Mortensen, 1943: 393 –395. Pl. XLVIII, Figs 1–20.

Material examined. None, entry based on literature.

Identification. Closely related to Echinometra mathaei, difficult to distinguish the two with just morphological characters.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 90 mm.

Global distribution. East coast region of South Africa (Filander & Griffiths 2014). East Africa, Mauritius and Maldives through to Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea to Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii, plus south Pacific Islands; strictly littoral (Schultz 2011).

Remarks. Previously recognized as a morph of E. mathaei (Mortensen 1943); however subsequent genetic (Palumbi and Metz 1991, Landry et al. 2003), reproductive (Rahman & Uehara 2004) and ecological (Nishihira et al. 1991) studies led to recognition of the two as separate species (Kroh & Mooi 2015). Maher (2011) documents E. oblonga in South African waters for the first time.