Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)

Fig. 28 A–B.

Diadema saxatile: Döderlein, 1910: 247; Mortensen, 1904: 9 –14. Pl. III, Figs 22–23, 29. Pl. IV, Figs 26, 31, 34. Pl. V. Figs 2, 5, 8, 12, 14, 15.

Centrechinus setosum: H.L. Clark, 1923: 372 –373.

Diadema setosum: A. Agassiz, 1879: 73; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 43; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 226; Richmond, 1997: 294; Samyn, 2003: 203, Figs 3 A, A’; Branch et al., 2010: 234, Fig. 105.1; Schultz, 2010: 104, Figs 187–190.

Material examined. None, entry based on literature.

Identification. Maximum of five interambulacra tubercles in horizontal series; Genital plates with blue spots, white spots on interambulacra midline; anal opening encircled by orange band. Spines and test black, spines banded black and white in juveniles.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 90 mm.

Global distribution. East coast of Africa, South Africa to Australia and from Japan to Tonga; from littoral to 140 m (Döderlein 1910; Schultz 2010).

Remarks. Distribution ranges of both D. savignyi and D. setosum overlap, thus species may be confused. However, differences exist in color of anal cone, which in D. savignyi is entirely black rather than orange-banded in D. setosum (Coppard & Cambell 2006) . The number of interambulacra tubercles in the horizontal series also differs, with D. savignyi having a maximum of five tubercles and D. setosum up to seven.