9. Genus Dryinus Latreille, 1804

Dryinus Latreille 1804: 176; 1805: 228; Haliday 1833: 273; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 69, partim; 1906: 497, partim; Richards 1935: 144; 1937: 118; 1939: 229; Olmi 1984: 728; 1991: 259; 1993b: 61; 1994: 63; 1995g: 5; 1999: 180; He & Xu 2002: 249; Virla & Olmi 2008: 370; Moya-Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 95; Lelej 2012: 397; Xu et al. 2013: 254; Olmi & Virla 2014: 214; Olmi & Xu 2015: 129; Olmi et al. 2016: 73.

Campylonyx Westwood 1835: 52 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Campylonyx ampuliciformis Westwood 1835, by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 84; Kieffer 1914b: 43.

Chelothelius Reinhard 1863: 409 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Chelothelius gryps Reinhard 1863, by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 125; Kieffer 1914b: 56; Berland 1928: 143; Olmi 1984: 604; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Paradryinus R. Perkins 1905: 53 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Paradryinus koebelei R. Perkins, 1905, by original designation.

Chlorodryinus R. Perkins 1905: 57 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Chlorodryinus pallidus R. Perkins 1905, by original designation.

Plastodryinus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 496 (synonymized by Móczár 1965); type species: Plastodryinus szepligetii (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906), by original designation.

Mesodryinus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 497 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Mesodryinus niger (Kieffer 1904), by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 29; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1034; Krombein 1979: 1243; Olmi 1984: 1000; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Hesperodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 40 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Hesperodryinus arizonicus R. Perkins 1907, by original designation; Krombein 1979: 1242.

Perodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 43 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Perodryinus amoenus R. Perkins 1907, by monotypy; Kieffer 1914b: 48; Olmi 1984: 1033; 1993b: 61.

Lestodryinus Kieffer 1911a: 108 (new name for Dryinus Latreille, 1804; synonymized by Richards 1937); type species: Lestodryinus collaris (Linnaeus 1767), by automatic designation (see Dryinus Latreille 1804); Kieffer 1913a: 189; 1914a: 90; 1914b: 20.

Tridryinus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Tridryinus striaticeps (Kieffer 1909), by original designation; Olmi 1984: 932; 1993b: 61.

Bocchoides Benoit 1954: 424 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Bocchoides bekilyensis Benoit 1954, by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 601; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Richardsidryinus Móczár 1965: 376 (synonymized by Olmi 1991); type species: Richardsidryinus corsicus (Marshall 1874), by original designation; Olmi 1984: 907; 1991: 259.

Avodryinus Ponomarenko 1981: 143 (synonymized by Olmi 1984, as synonym of Richardsidryinus Móczár 1965); type species: Avodryinus canadensis Ponomarenko 1981, by monotypy and original designation.

Alphadryinus Olmi 1984: 973 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Alphadryinus asiaticus Olmi 1984, by original designation; Olmi 1990a: 137; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Type species. Dryinus collaris (Linnaeus 1767) (= Dryinus formicarius Latreille 1804, by subsequent monotypy (Latreille 1805)).

Diagnosis. ♀ (Figs 117B, C); fully winged (Figs 117B, C); occipital carina complete, or incomplete, or absent; palpal formula 6/3; mandible with 1–4 teeth; antenna usually with ADOs, rarely without; antenna without tufts of long setae (Figs 117B, C); antennomere 3 usually less than 5 × as long as 2, occasionally more than 5 × (in this case, notauli often complete, then mesoscutum completely sculptured by numerous and parallel longitudinal keels); pronotal tubercle reaching or not reaching tegula; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) (Figs 117B, C); chela with rudimentary claw (Fig. 126F); protarsomere 5 less than twice as broad as enlarged claw (Fig. 119E); enlarged claw as long as, or shorter than protibia; tibial spurs 1/1/2, rarely 1/1/1. ♂ (Figs 117D, 118A): fully winged (Figs 117D, 118A); occipital carina complete or incomplete; mandible with 1–3 teeth; palpal formula 6/3; epicnemium visible, because lateral regions of prothorax not continuous with mesopleura (Fig. 7D); mesosternum fused with mesopleura and not distinct; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) (Figs 117D, 118A); paramere without dorsal process (Fig. 119D); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Acanaloniidae, Cixiidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae, Fulgoridae, Issidae, Lophopidae, Ricaniidae, Tropiduchidae (Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007; Guglielmino et al. 2013).

World species. 295 species are known, 59 in the Afrotropical region, including two species incertae sedis.

Remarks. Larvae of Dryinus were described by Abril-Ramírez (1992) and Guglielmino et al. (2015). Fossil species of Dryinus were described by Ponomarenko (1981), Olmi (1995e), Olmi et al. (2011), Olmi & Guglielmino (2011), Guglielmino et al. (2018) and Perkovsky & Olmi (2018).

Dryinus ♀♀ were divided for convenience by Olmi (1993b) into four groups on the basis of the characters detailed in the following key: