Ormiophasia tavaresi sp. nov.

(Figs 6E, 8D, 10E, 12E, 14D, 35, 41C)

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Figs 6E, 10E, 12E, 35A, C, G): “ Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Reserva / Biologica Monteverde, Eladio’s, 830m, 25–28/ OCT 2005 [25–28.x.2005], J. Azofeita, M. Moraga, M. Solis, B./ Gamboa, R. Libre [leg.], L_N_255256_458014, #84817”/ “INB0003978524/ MNCRCRI, COSTA RICA ”/ “ Holotype ” [red label] (MNCR).

PARATYPES (9 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀): Colombia: 1 ♂ [dissected, photographed] (Fig. 35E), 1 ♀ [photographed] (Figs 8D, 14D, 35B, D, F): “3000’, Rio Pance / 10mi. SW. Cali, Valle / Colombia, vii.14, 1970 [14.vii.1970]/ H. & A. Howden [leg.]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (CNC) ; 1 ♀: “ Co [Colombia], Ant., Rionegro / Br. San Antonio de Pereira / Domicilio / Manual / 2100 msnm/ Abril /2010 [iv.2010]/ Leidy Jurado [leg.]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (CEUA) ; 1 ♀: “ Colombia, Ant. / Queb. Honda, 1450 m / 12 Km, SW. Fredonia / 3–4 March 1984 [3–4.iii.1984]/ C.M. & O.S. Flint Jr ”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (USNM) ; Costa Rica: 1 ♂ [dissected]: “1 Km S. O. del Cerro Bioley, Sector / Altamira, Buenos Aires, Prov. Punta. / Costa Rica, 1150–1350 m, Oct. 1994 [x.1994], Z./ Fuentes [leg.], L S 331500_571700, #3300”/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI002/ 111019”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♂: “ Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 Km S./ Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste / Prov. Guan., Costa / Rica, P. Rios [leg.], Ago 1991 [viii.1991]/ L-N-330200, 380200”/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI000/ 608329”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♂: “ Manzanillo, 0–100 m, RFNS/ Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. / Limón, Costa Rica, 6 a 27 ene/ 1993 [6–27.i.1993], K. Taylor [leg.]/ L-S-398100, 610600”/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI000/ 997693”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♂: “ Vuelta campana, R./ Terraba, 100–500 m, Rey / Curre, Prov. Puntarenas / Costa Rica, 10 a 30 set/ 1992 [10–30.ix.1992], S. Rojas [leg.]/ L-S 825700, 544300”/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI000/ 869856”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♂: “ Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Upala / Bijagua, Albergue Heliconias, Send. / Heliconias, 700 m, 6–9 ABR 2000 [6–9.iv.2000], J./ D. Gutiérrez [leg.], de Luz [on light]/ L N 299800, 423800, # 56251”/ “INB0003083469/ MNCR- CRI, COSTA RICA ”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♂: “ Sect. San Ramón de Dos Rios, Prov. / Alaju., Costa Rica, 620 m, 18/ MAR—13 ABR 1995 [18.iii–13.iv.1995], F.A. Quesada [leg.]/ L_N_318100_381900, #5274”/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI002/ 246203”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♀: “ Estac. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 Km / S. Santa Cecilia, Guanac. / Pr., Costa Rica, Jul. 1988 [vii.1988]/ GNP Biodiversity Syrvey/ W85 o 25’40”, N10 o 59’26””/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI001/ 051086”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♀: “ Est. Queb. Bonita, 50 m / Res. Biol. Carara, Prov. / Punt., Costa Rica / E. Bello [leg.], Jun 1990 [vi.1990]/ L-N-194500, 469850”/ “Costa Rica, MNCR/ CRI000/ 245769”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MNCR) ; 1 ♀: “ Higuito / San Mateo, CR [ Costa Rica]”/ “ Pablo Schild coll.”/ “ Ormia busckii Towns [handwriting]/ det. JRMalloch” (USNM) . Panama: 1 ♂ [dissected]: “El Valle, Pan / 1–6–54 [6.i.1954]/ F.S. Blanton [leg.]/ Light”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (USNM) ; 1 ♀: “ Barro Colorado / Pan / R.C. Shannon [leg.]/ vii.8.23 [8.vii.1923]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (USNM) ; 1 ♀: “ Panama / E.C. Broadhead [leg.]/ BM. 1991–30”/ “Collected by E.B. [leg.]/ Panama, Mar 18 [iii.1918, handwriting]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (NHMUK) ; 1 ♀: “ Rio Hato, Coclé / Prov., Panama / xi–8 1952 [8.xi.1952]”/ “ F.S. Blanton / Collector [leg.]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (USNM) ; 1 ♀: “ Panama, Barro / Colorado Isl., 10–20.iv.65 [1965]/ S.S. & W.D. Duckworth [leg.]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (USNM) . Venezuela: 1 ♂ [dissected]: “ Venezuela, Aragua / Rancho Grande / 1100 m, 1.viii.74 [1974]”/ “ J.L. Garcia col. [leg.]”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (MIZA) ; 1 ♂ [dissected]: “ Venezuela / Ran- cho Grande / 1100 mts/ 14.xii.1949 / H.E. Box / & Guaglinmi [leg.]”/ “”Press by/ Com Inst Ent/ B M 1951–590”/ “ Paratype ” [green label] (NHMUK) .

Type locality. Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde.

Distribution. Colombia (departments of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica (provinces of Alajuela, Guanacaste, Limón and Puntarenas), Panama (provinces of Coclé, Panama and Panama Oeste) and Venezuela (state of Aragua).

Etymology. The name is a tribute to the dipterist Omar Tavares, for his important contributions to the taxonomy of Neotropical Ormiini . The name is a noun in the genitive case.

Diagnosis. Ormiophasia tavaresi sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Ormiophasia by head with silver pruinosity (Figs 6E, 8D); clypeus darker than frontoclypeal membrane; scutum and abdomen dark brown (Figs 10E, 12E, 14D); wing hyaline (Fig. 35G); anteroventral epandrial process extending well beyond ventral epandrial margin (Fig. 41C); and apex of male cerci about 3/5 length of cerci, subrectangular in posterior view and about 1/2 width of cerci, abruptly constricted. Ormiophasia tavaresi sp. nov., O. causeyi and O. chapulini sp. nov. share a hyaline wing and a darker body color, but they can be clearly distinguished by the length and width of the apex of the male cerci as well as by epandrial characters (Figs 41C, 38B, 42A, respectively). The shape of the male cerci of O. busckii (Fig. 38A) is similar to that in O. tavaresi sp. nov., but O. busckii can be easily distinguished by its brown body with yellow pruinosity (Figs 9A, 11A, 13A), clypeus of same color as frontoclypeal membrane (Fig. 5A, 7A), ocellar triangle bare (Fig. 15 C–D), and anteroventral epandrial process continuous with ventral epandrial margin (Fig. 38A).

Description. Male. Body length 5.54–7.09 mm (mean = 6.16 mm); wing length 5.78–7.78 mm (6.54 mm) (n = 10).

Coloration. Head silver-pruinose (Fig. 6E). Frontal vitta dark brown. Ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital plate gray. Lunule brownish-yellow. Antenna yellowish-orange to brownish-orange. Parafacial gray. Gena, facial ridge and face brown. Mouthparts brown except clypeus (dark brown). Occiput dark brown in upper area, becoming brown in lower area. Thorax silver-pruinose (Figs 10E, 12E). Scutum dark brown; presutural scutum with three silver-pruinose stripes merged posteriorly after suture. Postpronotal lobe and lateral surface of thorax dark brown. Scutellum and subscutellum dark brown. Wing hyaline (Fig. 35G). Tegula dark brown. Basicosta light brown. Veins dark brown. Halter light brown. Calypteres brown. Legs brown. Abdomen entirely dark brown with silver pruinosity.

Head (Figs 6E, 35A, C). Elliptic in frontal view; ratio of head height/head width 0.75. Ocelli 1.5 times the diameter of dorsal ommatidia. Postocellar setae 2. Frontal vitta entirely obliterated. Frontal setae 7–8, convergent, posterior ones shorter and weaker.Arista bare. First flagellomere 2.5 times longer than pedicel. Face 1.4 times wider than facial ridge. Facial ridge 2.2 times wider than parafacial.

Thorax. Basisternum 0.44 times as high as wide (Fig. 35E); median upper margin rounded and long, subrectangular. Prosternal tympanal membrane 0.90 times as high as wide. Proepimeral setae 2–3, upcurved. Anterodorsal corner of anepisternum with 1 weak seta, about 1/2 length of first notopleural seta; posterior row with 7–8 setae. Meral setae 6–8. Wing. Subequal to body length, three times longer than wide. Basicosta subequal in width to tegula. Base of vein R 4+5 with 1–3 dorsal and 2–4 ventral setae. Section of vein M between crossvein dm-cu and M 1 straight. Legs. Fore femur with row of 9–12 dorsal setae from base to apex and row of 11–12 posteroventral setae from base to apex. Fore tibia with row of 4 equally-spaced anterodorsal setae and 1 preapical seta. Mid femur with 2–3 posteroventral basal setae. Hind femur with row of 9–12 anterodorsal setae from base to apex and 3–4 anteroventral basal setae. Hind tibia with 2 posterodorsal median setae and 1 preapical seta.

Terminalia (Fig. 41C). Sternite 5 subtrapezoidal; lateral distal lobes pronounced. Anteroventral epandrial process extending well beyond ventral epandrial margin. Dorsal surface of epandrium broad, posterior margin at same level as anterior margin; lateral ventral margin sharply curved; posterior area articulated to surstylus with open, rounded arch. Surstylus stout, as thick as apex of cerci in lateral view; posterior outer surface covered with strong setae in upper two-thirds; posterior inner surface with few strong setae medially. Cerci: basal margin with distinct median projection; apex about 3/5 length of cerci, subrectangular in posterior view, narrow and tapered in lateral view; apex about 1/2 width of cerci in posterior view, abruptly constricted; apex with anterior surface V-shaped. Postgonite of same thickness over its entire length, apex rounded in lateral view.

Female. Differs from male as follows. Body length 6.00– 7.55 mm (mean = 6.71 mm); wing length 6.53–8.51 mm (mean = 7.45 mm) (n = 10). Head (Figs 8D, 35B, D). Frontal vitta subequal in width to fronto-orbital plate. Frontal setae 6–8, from lunule to posterior orbital proclinate seta; second or third anteriormost frontal seta stronger and subequal to subvibrissal setae. First flagellomere 2.4 times as long as pedicel. Thorax. Basisternum 0.60 times as high as wide (Fig. 35F); median upper margin rounded and long, subtriangular. Prosternal tympanal membrane elliptic, 0.80 times as high as wide.

Remarks. The females were associated with the males by being from the same locality. Ormiophasia tavaresi sp. nov. is the darkest species of the genus. Although it is similar to O. causeyi and O. chapulini sp. nov., these three species can be clearly distinguished by the length and width of the apex of the male cerci as well as by epandrial characters. The width of the apex of the male cerci is narrow in O. causeyi, intermediate in O. tavaresi sp. nov. and broad in O. chapulini sp. nov. Ormiophasia tavaresi sp. nov. seems to be restricted to southern Central America and northern South America.