Subfamily Lophyohylinae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926

Lophiohylinae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926:64 . Type genus Lophyohyla Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 = Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 . [As noted by Fouquette and Dubois, 2014:368, Lophiohylinae is an incorrect spelling of Lophyohyla Miranda Ribeiro, 1923:5.]

Definition. Most members of this subfamily (except Phyllodytes, Phytotriades, and Tepuihyla) are casque-headed. Chromosome complement in most genera 2n = 24, but 2n = 22 in Phyllodytes, 28 in Osteopilus wilderi (Dunn), and 34 in O. ocellatus (Linnaeus) .

Content. Twelve genera and 76 species.

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical South America to Uruguay and northern Argentina, including the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Peru and the Guiana Highlands (but not the Andes), Greater Antilles, Bahama Islands, and peninsular Florida, USA; one species, Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus), extending northward into Mexico.

Etymology. The familial and generic names are derived from the Greek lophos meaning mane or crest and from Hylas in Greek mythology. The gender is feminine.

Remarks. This subfamily has a 100% support value. Distinctive cranial characters help to define the casqueheaded genera Aparasphenodon, Argenteohyla, Corythomantis, Dryaderces, Itapotihyla, Nyctimantis, and Trachycephalus (Trueb 1970) .