Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775)

(Fig. 7 a–f, female; Fig. 8 a–j, male)

Apis florentina Fabricius 1775: 384, ♂.

Anthidium subspinosum Klug, 1832, Pl. 28, fig. 2, ♀.

Anthidium caucasicum Radoszkowski, 1862: 596, ♀; Proshchalykin et al., 2017: 18.

Anthidium florentinum (Fabricius, 1775): Dalla Torre, 1896: 560; Wu, 1965: 59; Banaszak & Romasenko, 1998: 48, ♀ (key), Fig. VII-4; 51, ♂ (key), Fig. VII-5; 52.

Anthidium vigilans Smith, 1878: 5 .

Anthidium florentinum var. hispanicum Mocsáry, 1884: 259 .

Anthidium florentinum var. rufescente Dusmet y Alonso, 1908: 197, ♂.

Anthidium florentinum kissi Alfken, 1936: 25 .

Anthidium florentinum cypriacum Mavromoustakis, 1949: 583, ♀.

Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775): Warncke, 1980: 134, ♀ (key), 145, ♂ (key), 199; Özbek & Zanden, 1993: 195; Rasmont et al., 1995: 54; Wu, 2006: 144, ♀ (Key), 145, ♂ (key), 149, ♀, ♂ (redescription), Fig. 73; Ornosa et al., 2008: 66; Aguib et al., 2010: 126; Proshchalykin, 2013: 149 (key), Fig. 8, 151; Nadimi et al., 2014: 419; Murao et al., 2015: 9; Fateryga et al., 2020: 325.

Anthidium (Proanthidium) helianthinum Wu, 2004: 544, ♀, ♂; Wu, 2006: 166, ♀ (key), 168, ♀, ♂ (redescription), Fig. 89. Syn. nov. Fig. 9, a–g, holotype, ♀, Fig. 10, a–i, paratype, ♂.

Diagnosis: Body size and coloration patterns of this species are variable, but female mandible of the species fivetoothed (Fig. 7c), T5–T6 with teeth laterally (Fig. 7f), the female clypeus completely yellow (Fig. 7b), the yellow maculations on T1–T5 wide and long (Fig. 7e), T6 with large yellow maculations (Fig. 7f); male, lateral margins on T2–T4 scarcely protuberant, without distinct tufts (Fig. 8e), apical process of S8 narrowly triangular (Fig. 8h), the lateral spine of T5 yellow (Fig. 8f). This combination of characters can be used to distinguish this species from other Anthidium species.

Material examined: China, Jiangsu: Zhong Shan (33º00′N, 119º22′E), 1 ♂, 10.VII.2001, leg. Ji YANG, 1 ♀, VII.1980, leg. no information on the label; China, Inner Mongolia: Alxa Meng, Ejin Qi (41º54′N, 101º00′E), 1 ♀, 8.VIII.1987, leg. Zhu-Zhu ZHANG; Hohhot Shi (40º48′N, 111º42′E), 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (on flower of Astragalus adsurgens), 31.VIII.1989, 1 ♀ (on flower of Astragalus adsurgens), 2.IX.1989, 1 ♀ (on flower of Hedysarum mongolicum), 4.IX.1989, leg. Huan-Li Xu; China, Xinjiang: Manas Xian, National Wetland Park (44º24′N, 86º09′E), 364 m, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (on flower of Chamaenerion angustifolium), 16.VIII.2015, leg. Ze-Qing NIU; Hami (42º48′N, 93º24′E), 1 ♂, VI.1981, leg. Shi-Xiang Du, 1 ♂, VI.1981, leg. Shi-Lai XUE; Kuytun (44º24′N, 84º54′E), 1 ♂, 1.VIII.1975, leg. no information on the label; Altay Xian (47º48′N, 88º06′E), 1 ♂, 30.VII.1955, leg. Shi-Jun MA, Kai-Ling XIA and Yong-Lin CHENG; Shanshan Xian (42º48′N, 90º12′E), 1 ♂, 29. VI.1975, leg. no information on the label, Ili (43º54′N, 81º18′E), 1 ♂, 13.VII.1988, leg. no information on the label; Manas Xian (44º18′N, 86º12′E), 400–500 m, 2 ♀, 9. VI.1951, leg. Cun-Pei HONG; Yining (43º54′N, 81º18′E), 540–650 m, 1 ♀, 4.VIII.1957, leg. Guang WANG; Zhaosu Xian, Wukuerqie (42º46′N, 80º59′E), 1120 m, 1 ♀, 7.VIII.1957, leg. Guang WANG; Turpan (42º56′N, 89º12′E), 20–140 m, 1 ♀, 1. VI.1958, leg. Chang-Qing LI; Turpan, Jiaohe (42º54′N, 89º12′E), 11, 3 ♀ (on flower of Apocynum venetum), 13.VIII.2016, leg. Ze-Qing NIU and Qing-Tao WU; Kelamayi, Xiao Guai Village (45º11′N, 85º18′E), 268 m, 1 ♀, 10.VIII.2016, leg. Chao-Dong ZHU and Dan ZHANG; Kashi (39º24′N, 75º54′E), 1 ♀ (holo- type of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 28.VII.1974, leg. Ju-Peng LIU, 2 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), same label information as the holotype; Ürümqi Shi (43º48′N, 87º42′E), 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 19. VI.1974, leg. Ju-Peng LIU; Manas Xian (44º18′N, 86º12′E), 400–550 m, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 28.VIII.1952, leg. A-Fu TIAN, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 7. VI.1957, leg. Chun-Pei HONG; Hotan Xian (37º06′N, 79º54′E), 1300 m, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 3. VI.1959, leg. Shu- Yong WANG; Usu Xian (44º24′N, 84º36′E), 3400 m, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 24. VI.1957, leg. Guang WANG; Changji (44º00′N, 87º12′E), 680 m, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 27.VIII.1957, leg. A-Fu TIAN; Suidin Xian (44º00′N, 80º48′E) (now Huocheng Xian), 300–600 m, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 31.VII.1957, leg. Chun-Pei HONG; Burqin Xian (47º42′N, 86º54′E), 480 m, 2 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 27-28.VIII.1960, Shu-Yong WANG; Yopurga Xian (39º12′N, 76º54′E), 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 9. VI.1959, leg. A-Fu TIAN; Turpan Xian (42º54′N, 89º12′E), 20–100 m, 1 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 1. VI.1958, leg. Chang-Qing LI; China, Gansu: Zhangye Xian (38º54′N, 100º24′E), 1450 m, 2 ♀ (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 14.VIII.1957, leg. Yi-Ran ZHANG; China, Sichuan: Ludin, Dewei (29º54′N, 102º12′E), 1280 m, 1 # (paratype of A. helianthinum Wu, 2004), 21.VII.1981, leg. Shu-Yong WANG.

Type localities. Italy: Tuscany: Florence ( florentinum), Lebanon: Beirut as far inland as Ba'albek and Bsharri ( subspinosum), China: Xinjiang: Yarkand vicinity (perhaps Kogyar?) ( vigilans), Spain: Andalusia: Granada and Malaga (hispanicum), Spain: Madrid: Madrid (rufescente), Hungary: West Hungary (kissi), Cyprus: Paphos: Agios Ioannis (cypriacum), Russia: Dagestan ( caucasicum), China: Xinjiang Uygur: Kashgar [as Kashi] ( helianthinum).

Distribution: Widespread in the Palaearctic from North Africa and Portugal to China and Russia, adventive in Canada. China (Jiangsu *, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Sichuan); Morocco, Algeria, Malta, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Greece, Ukraine, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad; Ysyk-Köl), Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Russia (North Caucasus, European part, Siberia, Far East), Canada (Southern Quebec).

Floral association: Vicia sp., Genista sp., Medicago sp., Astragalus sp., Melilotus sp., Onobrychis viciifolia (Fabaceae), Lamium sp., Leonurus sp., Mentha sp., Hyssopus sp. ( Lamiaceae) (Banaszak & Romasenko, 1998; Nadimi et al., 2014; Murao et al., 2015; Wu, 2006), Chamaenerion angustifolium (Onagraceae), Hedysarum mon- golicum (Leguminosae), Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae) (Wu, 2006); Apocynum venetum (Apocynaceae) .

Remarks: Wu (2006) misidentified the specimen from “ China, Inner Mongolia: Alxa Meng, Ejin Qi (41º54′N, 101º00′E), 1 ♀, 8.VIII.1987, leg. Zhu-Zhu ZHANG” as A. (A.) manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) . Wu (2004) published A. (P.) heliahthinum Wu, 2004; Wu (2004, 2006) described the female mandible with six teeth, but by examination of the holotype, the mandible has five teeth (Fig. 9c); furthermore, the male T7, the male genitalia showed in Figs of Wu (2004, 2006) are different from those from the male paratype. Characters of A A. (P.) heliahthinum Wu, 2004 are the same with those of A. florentinum (Fabricius, 1775), so A. (P.) heliahthinum Wu, 2004 is a new synonym of A. florentinum (Fabricius, 1775) .

Bees from the Caucasus and elsewhere in the eastern portion of the range tend to have more extensive yellow markings and have often been recognized as subspecies Anthidium (A.) f. caucasicum Radoszkowski, but coloration varies both within and between sites so we prefer to treat it as a junior synonym following Warncke (1980). The taxonomic relevance of color variation in this and other Anthidium requires further study including both detailed morphological analyses (as has been done for other anthidiines, see Kasparek, 2020) and molecuar diagnostics.