Sepedon (Parasepedon) trichrooscelis Speiser, 1910

(Figs 16, 19)

Sepedon unicolor Brunetti, 1929: 34 (as Var. of senegalensis) (Sierra Leone). Synonymy by Verbeke 1950: 76.

References to figures: Steyskal & Knutson 1975 (cochleate Vesicle, aedeagus); Verbeke 1950 (postabdomen, aedeagus, surstylus); Verbeke 1961 (cochleate Vesicle); Verbeke 1961 (surstyli); Knutson 2008, photograph of II and III instar larVae (posterior end) in snail.

Holotype: ♀, “ 29 September ” [1905-1906], [TANZANIA], “Steppe am Kilimandjaro ” (NRS).

WEST AFRICA: SENEGAL: Basse-Casaurance, Djibelor, en rizière, 1♂, 11.xii.1979, J. Etienne (MNHNP).

GAMBIA: W. Div., Abuko Forest Reserve, 1♂, 16.xi.1993, Deeming (NMWC); Abuko, on mature rice, 2♂, 24.xi.1993, 1♀, 27.xi.1993, Deeming & Shaw (NMWC); W. Div., Kombo District, Lamin Bridge, rice field nr. Lamin Bolan, tidal waterway, on young rice, 1♂1♀, 2.ix.1997, D. J. Mann (OUM); Central River Div., N. Bank, Kuntaur Agric. Station, vegetation bordering R. Gambia, 1♀, 24.viii.1997, D.J. Mann (OUM). GUINEA: Nimba, Nzo, 1♀, 1939, P. Lepesme, R. Paulian & A. Villiers; same locality 1♂, ii. vi.1942, M. Lamotte; Nimba, 1♂1♀, 5.iii.1951, Lamotte & Roy; 2♂2♀, vii–xii.1951, Lamotte & Roy; Nimba, Yanlé, 1♂, 2.vi.1942, M. Lamotte (all MNHNP). LIBERIA: Robertsport, 1♂, 19.xi.1943; 2♂, 26.xi.1942, F.M. Snyder; Ghanga, 2♂, ix.1926 (AMNH); Lor Marquez, 1♂, 9.iv.1918, C.W. Howard (USNM): no specific locality, 1♂, 22.x.1944, M.S. Briscoe (USNM); Toppita, 2♂, 24.ix.1952; 2–5mi. E. Toppita, 1♂, 24.ix.1952, Blickenstaff (USNM). IVORY COAST: Lamto, Yacó, rizière, 1♂, 20.xi.1970, D. Lachaise; Réserve du Banco, 1♂, no date, Paulian & Delmare (MNHNP); Bouaké, 1♂, ii.1968, G. Schmitz (MRAC). GHANA: Accra, Achimota, 1♂, 4.xi.1995, M.R. Wilson (NMWC); Densu R. at Nsawam, 2♂, 8.xi.1970, C.O. Berg (CU). NIGERIA: Zaria, Samaru, 1♀, 31.i.1970; 1♂, 3.ii.1970; 2♀, 18.ii.1970; 6♂3♀, 19.ii.1970; 1♀, 20.ii.1970; 1♀, 27.ii.1970; 1♀, 4.iii.1970; 1♀, 5.iii.1970; 1♂, 7.iii.1967; 1♂, 7.iii.1967 (Samaru Lake); 1♂, 19.xi.1970; 1♂1♀, 12.xii.1966 (Samaru Lake, Deeming (IARS); same locality, 1♂, 15.xi.1972, J.L. Musa (IARS); 1♂, 3.i.1971, J. Riley (Cornes/Riley coll.); 2♂2♀, 14.xii.1974, M.A. Cornes (Cornes/Riley coll.); Samaru, 1♂, viii.1970, P.H. Ward (NHMUK); Zaria, Samaru, Samau Lake, 7.iii.1967 (1♂, USNM), (1♀, NHMUK); same locality 1♀, 31.i.1967; 1♂, 24.x.1966; 3♂, 14.xi.1966; 1♂1♀, 27.xi.1967; 4♂1♀, 12.xii.1966; 1♀, 15.xii.1966 (all Deeming, published as S. saegeri, Knutson, 1968) (CU); Zaria, reedy stream, 1♂1♀, 10.iii.1966 (published as S. saegeri, Knutson, 1968) Deeming (CU); Bauchi, pond with Oryza barthii, 1♂3♀, 1–12.iv.1990; 1♂5♀, 5.iii.1997, Deeming (NMWC); Kafanchan 2♂, 6.v.1975, Deeming (IARS): Mambilla Plateau, Ngel Nyaki, overgrown cocoyam plots in village, c. 5500ft., 1♀, 28.xi–3.xii.1968, Deeming (IARS).

NIGERIA: Bundem (rubber plantation) 26 mi. N. Calabar, 1♂, 27.iv.1972, J.L. Musa (USNM) ; Obudu Plateau, 1♂, 27.ix.1973, J.T. Medler (USNM): Oron, R. cross bank, 1♂, 25.iv.1972 , J.L. Musa (USNM); W. State, Ile-Ife, 1♂, 10.xii.1969 , J.T. Medler (USNM); same locality and collector, 1♀, 15.viii.1971 (MRAC) . NIGERIA: Ibadan Univ. Bot. Garden, 3♂, 1–2.vii.1970, P.H. Ward (NHMUK) ; Oshogbo, 1♂, 1.iii.1970, Simpson (NHMUK) ; Lagos, Ikoyi, 1♀, 3.xi.1973 , M. A. Cornes (USNM); Lagos, Ojo, 1♀, 11.viii.1974 , M. A. Cornes (USNM). CAMEROUN: Lolodorf, 1♂, 17.xii.1914 ; 1♂1♀, 6.vii.1920; 1♂, 28.vi.1914; 1♀, 23.x.1914; 1♀, 3.vii.1920, A . I. Good (CMP); Batanga, 1♀, 31.x.1911, A . I. Good (CMP); 23 km. N. Kumba, Bolo R., 1♂, 1.ii.1968 ; 1♀, 20.ii.1968; 20 km. W. Kumba, Kwa Kwa, 1♂, 24.i.1968 ; 2♂2♀, 12.iii.1968; 20 km. W. Kumba, Meme R., 1♂, 22.i.1968 ; Kumba, 1 ex. 7.iii.1969 ; 1 ex. 27.vi.1968; Bolo, 2 ex. 3.ii.1968 ; 2 ex. 6.ii.1968; Bille, 1 ex. 10.v.1948, Disney (USNM) ; Bolo Vil., 1♂, 1.ii.1968 , Disney (CU); Kumba, 1♂, 6.x.1949 ; Nyasoso, 1♂, 3.xi.1949 ; Victoria, 1♂ 29.ix.1949, H. Oldroyd (NHMUK); Victoria, 1♀, 1939, P. Lepesme, R. Paulian & A. Villiers (MNHNP); Rte. de N’Balmayo, rive du Nyong, 1♂ 1♀, 19.xi.1970, L. Matile (MNHNP) ; Dschang 1♂, (no further data) (MNHNP) .

Other new records: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Elizabethville, 3♂, 11–17.ix.1931, A. Mackie (NHMUK); Kivu, Lwira, 1♂, 25.xi.1966; 1♂ 2♀, xi–xii.1966, Dr. Lilly (SMS); Sibiti, 1♂, xi.1943, Descamptries & Villiers (MNHNP); Haut-Ituri, 1750m, Nioka, 5♂ 5♀, i and ii.1975, F. Schäuffele (SMS). ETHIOPIA: Alemaya, 2♂, 20-23.vi.1965, A.B. Gurney (USNM): Bahar Dar, 3♂, 11.x.1968; 1♂, 12.x.1968; 6♂, 17.x.1968, K.W. & H. Harde (SMS); Béra Lidamo, 1♂, 9.iv.1934 (NRS). UGANDA: Butandiga, Mt. Elgon, 7000ft. , 2♂, no date, J. Ford (NHMUK); Namanve, 22♂ ♀, x & xii.1934, J. Ford (NHMUK). KENYA: Nyeri, 2♂ 4♀, iii–iv,1948, M. Steele (NHMUK); same locality, black light, 2♂, 4.ii.1968, Spangler (USNM); Naivasha (nr. Nairobi) , 1♂, vii.1937, H.J. A. Turner (USNM); Mt. Elgon, 2600m., Ö sid , 9♂ 2♀, 3.iii.1938, A. Holm (NRS); Naivasha, 1♂, 14– 17.i.1972, (USNM); 2♂ 1♀, A. Friedberg (TAU). TANZANIA: Mt . Kilimanjaro, Harombo hut, 3400–3700 m., light trap, 1♂, 1–2.ii.1971, J. & M. Sedlacek (BMH). ZIMBABWE: Umtali, 1♂, 1926 (AMNH); N. Vumba, 2♂, 17.ii.1965; 1♂, 3.iii.1965; 1♂1♀, 24.iii.1965; 1♂, 4.iv.1964; 1♂1♀, 6.iv.1964; 2♂1♀, 16.iv.1964; 1♂2♀, 22.iv.1964; 1♂ 1♀, 25.iv.1964, Cookson (Stuckenberg coll., D. Barraclough, no litt.). SOUTH AFRICA: N. Transvaal, Duivelsklonf, 1♂, Zumpt (SMS).

Published records. BENIN: (Vala et al 1994), which authors also list BOTSWANA, RHODESIA, and ZAIRE, but without further detail; ETHIOPIA (Knutson 1968); DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (Verbeke 1950, 1956, 1961, 1962b, 1963): LESOTHO: (Verbeke 1962b): MOZAMBIQUE (Verbeke 1962b); SIERRA LEONE: (Brunetti 1929); SOUTH AFRICA (Verbeke 1961, 1962b).

Biology. Vala et al. 1995; for the complete life-cycle (egg, I, II, III, Puparium), parasitoids/predators of semiterrestrial Succineidae snails; Knutson (2008), confirmed this behavioural feeding.