Laboulbenia flagellata Peyr.
MB#193832
Fig. 32
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien. Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abteilung 1 68: 247 (Peyritsch 1873). –
Type: [Not designated] [Ind. loc.] [Type lost?!] “Der Pilz befällt die Flügeldecken von Bembidium lunatum Duft., … Ausserdem habe ich ihn auf Anchomenus albipes F., and A. marginatus L. angetroffen”. [Austria, according to Balazuc 1974b]
Laboulbenia anceps Peyr. (Peyritsch 1873: 247) [MB#172583]
Laboulbenia elongata Thaxt. (Thaxter 1890: 10) [MB#187192]
Laboulbenia lepida Thaxt. (Thaxter 1896: 323) [MB#222474]
Laboulbenia anisodactyli Speg. (Spegazzini 1914: 46) [MB#150969]
Laboulbenia pierantonii S.Colla. (Colla 1926: 172) [Not registered in MycoBank]
Laboulbenia rougetii var. europhili Siemaszko & W.Siemaszko (Siemaszko & Siemaszko 1928: 203) [MB#139517]
Diagnostic features
Cell V obtriangular, half of the length of cell IV, not connected with cell III. Outer appendage with the lower dorsal margin ± obscured; once branched above the suprabasal cell. Inner appendage consisting of a basal cell slightly shorter and narrower than basal cell of outer appendage, supporting a variable number of sterile and fertile branches bearing paired lateral antheridia. [Detailed descriptions: Sugiyama 1973; Majewski 1994b; Santamaria 1998; Villarreal et al. 2010; De Kesel & Gerstmans 2011]
Distribution and hosts
Laboulbenia flagellata is a very common and cosmopolitan species found on the five continents, infecting not less than 12 tribes and more than 80 genera of ground beetles (Santamaria et al. 1991; Majewski 2008; Haelewaters et al. 2019b). Early reported in Denmark by Rostrup (1916, 1935).
Collections examined from Denmark
On Agonum emarginatum (Gyllenhal, 1827) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Raghammer Odde; 55°1.193′ N, 14°55.777′ E; VA99; 22 Jun. 2018; JP 1151; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123675 .
On Agonum fuliginosum (Panzer, 1809) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Skelsmyre i Rønne Plantage; 55°4.375′ N, 14°45.096′ E; VB80; 25 Apr. 2014; JP 507; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122990 • Svartingedalen ved Baggeå; 55°11.740′ N, 14°45.260′ E; VB81; 23 Jun. 2018; JP 1161; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123687 . – Østjylland (EJ) • Hald Ege; 56°24.287′ N, 9°20.550′ E; NH25; 19 Oct. 2013; JP 794; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123289 • Hampen Sø; 56°1.082′ N, 9°23.149′ E; NH20; 21 Mar. 2014; JP 437; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122922 • Kjellerup; 56°17.644′ N, 9°25.850′ E; NH23; 16 Feb. 2018; JP 977; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123484 • Ørnsø ved Silkeborg; 56°9.446′ N, 9°31.488′ E; NH32; 11 Mar. 2017; JP 277; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122756 . – Fyn (F) • Gyldenstens inddaemmede Strand; 55°34.447′ N, 10°7.211′ E; NG75; 2Apr. 2014; JP 707; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123197 • Rishave; 55°33.475′ N, 10°24.013′ E; NG85; 19 Apr. 2018; JP 1071; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123588 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Lysemose ved Maribo; 54°46.971′ N, 11°28.959′ E; PF57; 7 May 2017; JP 660; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123149 • Nyord; 55°2.885′ N, 12°12.380′ E; UB20; 27 Apr. 2013; JP 830; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123324 • Vest for Bandholm; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1306; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123841 . – Nordøstjylland (NEJ) • Vesterskoven i Tofte Skov; 56°50.346′ N, 10°13.361′ E; NJ70; 7 Aug. 2013; JP 316; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122795 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Eriksholm Skov; 55°41.771′ N, 11°47.912′ E; PG77; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 735; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123228 • Faergelunden; 55°50.540′ N, 12°1.735′ E; UB19; 16 Nov. 2013; JP 594; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123083 • Gurre Vang; 56°1.470′ N, 12°29.486′ E; UC41; 14 Apr. 2017; JP 262; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122741 • Indelukket ved Frederiksborg Slot; 55°56.191′ N, 12°17.861′ E; UC30; 19 Mar. 2017; JP 664; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123153 • ibid.; 12 Apr. 2016; JP 18; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122491 • Nord for Risø; 55°42.184′ N, 12°6.692′ E; UB17; 14 Dec. 2013; R. Aagaard Jensen 631; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123120 • Vaserne; 55°49.129′ N, 12°26.343′ E; UB38; 21 Apr. 2018; L. Thomas 1119; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123639 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Vest for Vinderup; 56°28.727′ N, 8°44.810′ E; MH85; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 773; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123268 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Bognaes Skov på Tuse Naes; 55°44.966′ N, 11°45.817′ E; PG78; 10 Dec. 2013; JP 881; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123379 • Vesterlyng; 55°44.195′ N, 11°17.276′ E; PG47; 9 Feb. 2014; JP 642; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123130 . – Sydjylland (SJ) • Lakolk; 55°8.325′ N, 8°29.618′ E; MG61; 31 May 2013; JP 291; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122770 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Denderup Sø i Denderup Vaenge; 55°15.075′ N, 11°57.366′ E; PG82; 5 May 2016; JP 489; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122973 • Gammel Kalvehave; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 25 Apr. 2019; JP 1443; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123991 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.235′ N, 12°6.280′ E; UA19; 14 Jan. 2012; JP 544; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123028 • Praestø; 55°6.913′ N, 12°2.035′ E; UB11; 25 Apr. 2019; JP 1437; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123984 . – Vestjylland (WJ) • Velling; 56°3.078′ N, 8°18.596′ E; MH51; 16 Dec. 2018; JP 1254; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123782 .
On Agonum gracile Sturm, 1824 (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordøstjylland (NEJ) • Tranesig i Tofte Skov; 56°51.597′ N, 10°13.575′ E; NJ70; 1 Oct. 2010; JP 74; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122549 .
On Agonum marginatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Nordhavnstippen på Københavns Nordhavn; 55°43.091′ N, 12°37.088′ E; UB57; 29 Apr. 2018; JP 1090; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123608 • Ud for Kongelundsfortet; 55°33.724′ N, 12°33.731′ E; UB46; 15 Apr. 2018; JP 1051; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123567 . – Sydjylland (SJ) • Sønderstrand på Rømø; 55°6.373′ N, 8°29.380′ E; MG60; 25 Oct. 2017; H. Liljehult 619; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123107 .
On Agonum micans (Nicolai, 1822) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Fyn (F) • Kratholm ved Bellinge; 55°19.710′ N, 10°19.335′ E; NG83; 18 May 2016; JP 87; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122562 .
On Agonum muelleri (Herbst, 1784) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Østjylland (EJ) • Kjellerup; 56°17.644′ N, 9°25.850′ E; NH23; 16 Feb. 2018; JP 978; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123485 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Brønshøj; 55°42.234′ N, 12°30.135′ E; UB47; 22 Jun. 2016; JP 113; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122590 • Naerum; 55°49.077′ N, 12°32.686′ E; UB48; 2 Dec. 2011; JP 474; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122958 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Legind; 56°45.832′ N, 8°48.782′ E; MH89; 19 Oct. 2008; JP 75; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122550 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Nordbredden af Skarresø; 55°39.469′ N, 11°23.147′ E; PG47; 18 Feb. 2017; JP 340; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122819 .
On Agonum piceum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordøstjylland (NEJ) • Syd for Krogsagergård; 56°37.534′ N, 9°45.551′ E; NH47; 24 Nov. 2019; JP 1556; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124317 . – Vestjylland (WJ) • Velling; 56°3.078′ N, 8°18.596′ E; MH51; 16 Dec. 2018; JP 1248; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123776 .
On Agonum thoreyi Dejean, 1828 (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Svartingedalen ved Baggeå; 55°11.740′ N, 14°45.260′ E; VB81; 23 Jun. 2018; JP 1160; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123686 . – Østjylland (EJ) • Viemose ved Ringkloster; 56°0.632′ N, 9°57.400′ E; NH50; 12 Mar. 2017; JP 531; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123015 . – Fyn (F) • Gyldenstens inddaemmede Strand; 55°34.447′ N, 10°7.211′ E; NG75; 2 Apr. 2014; JP 708; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123198 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Nyord; 55°2.885′ N, 12°12.380′ E; UB20; 27 Apr. 2013; JP 831; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123325 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Auderød Skov; 55°59.117′ N, 12°5.579′ E; UC10; 28 Jan. 2018; J. Søgaard Hansen 997; J. Søgaard Hansen det.; ZMUC C-F-123504 • Brønshøj (Degnemosen); 55°42.043′ N, 12°30.352′ E; UB47; 26 May 2016; JP 289; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122768 • Faergelunden; 55°50.540′ N, 12°1.735′ E; UB19; 16 Nov. 2013; JP 595; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123084 • Lyngen ved Ølstykke; 55°47.738′ N, 12°10.253′ E; UB28; 15 May 2013; JP 862; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123357 • Ud for Kongelundsfortet; 55°33.724′ N, 12°33.731′ E; UB46; 15 Apr. 2018; JP 1052; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123568 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Nord for Landting ved Vinderup; 56°30.049′ N, 8°45.384′ E; MH86; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 566; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123052 . – Sydjylland (SJ) • Lakolk; 55°8.325′ N, 8°29.618′ E; MG61; 31 May 2013; JP 292; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122771 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Even Bro; 55°8.694′ N, 12°0.601′ E; UB11; 17 Feb. 2019; JP 1365; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123905 • Gammel Kalvehave; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 25 Apr. 2019; JP 1442; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123990 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.235′ N, 12°6.280′ E; UA19; 14 Jan. 2012; JP 545; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123029 • ibid.; 54°59.572′ N, 12°6.715′ E; UA19; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1273; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123803 .
On Agonum versutum Sturm, 1824 (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Skelsmyre i Rønne Plantage; 55°4.375′ N, 14°45.096′ E; VB80; 25 Apr. 2014; JP 505; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122988 .
On Agonum viduum (Panzer, 1797) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Lysemose ved Maribo; 54°46.971′ N, 11°28.959′ E; PF57; 7 May 2017; JP 659; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123148 .
On Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Øst for Østerlars; 55°9.619′ N, 14°59.763′ E; VB91; 25 Apr. 2014; JP 210; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122689 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Brøndby; 55°39.089′ N, 12°24.487′ E; UB37; 22 Apr. 2016; JP 45; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122520 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Holtug Kalkbrud; 55°20.470′ N, 12°26.678′ E; UB33; 21 Sep. 2013; JP 347; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122829 .
On Anisodactylus binotatus (Fabricius, 1787) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Utterslev Mose; 55°42.714′ N, 12°29.907′ E; UB47; 3 Jun. 2016; H.S. Pedersen 112; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122589 .
On Harpalus affinis (Schrank, 1781) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Østjylland (EJ) • Kjellerup; 56°17.282′ N, 9°26.197′ E; NH23; 16 Oct. 2014; JP 320; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122798 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Naerum; 55°49.077′ N, 12°32.686′ E; UB48; 2 Dec. 2011; JP 476; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122960 .
On Loricera pilicornis (Fabricius, 1775) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Nyord; 55°2.885′ N, 12°12.380′ E; UB20; 27 Apr. 2013; JP 827; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123321 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Brønshøj (Degnemosen); 55°42.043′ N, 12°30.352′ E; UB47; 26 May 2016; JP 288; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122767 • Gurre Vang; 56°1.470′ N, 12°29.486′ E; UC41; 14 Apr. 2017; JP 265; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122744 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Flommen ved Sorø; 55°25.957′ N, 11°34.477′ E; PG64; 25 Jul. 2009; JP 77; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122552 • Sorø, Kristiansminde; 55°25.115′ N, 11°35.209′ E; PG64; 22 Jul. 2013; H. Enghoff 308; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122787 .
On Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Esrum Lund; 56°2.938′ N, 12°22.141′ E; UC31; 1–12 May 2006; J. Høier 1571; P. Jørum; ZMUC C-F-124332 • Lille Hareskov ved Harrevads Bro; 55°45.966′ N, 12°22.601′ E; UB38; 1–12 May 2006; J. Høier 1573; P. Jørum; ZMUC C-F-124334 • Nørreskoven; 55°47.865′ N, 12°23.054′ E; UB38; 1–12 Sep. 2006; J. Høier 1572; P. Jørum; ZMUC C-F-124333 .
On Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Østjylland (EJ) • Hampen Sø; 56°1.082′ N, 9°23.149′ E; NH20; 21 Mar. 2014; JP 433; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122918 . – Fyn (F) • Rishave; 55°33.475′ N, 10°24.013′ E; NG85; 19 Apr. 2018; JP 1070; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123587 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Krenkerup Haveskov; 54°46.408′ N, 11°39.955′ E; PF77; 8 Jul. 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 907; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123405 • ibid.; 19 Jul. 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 922; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-12342 • ibid.; 16–24 Aug. 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 912; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123410 • Lysemose ved Maribo; 54°46.971′ N, 11°28.959′ E; PF57; 7 May 2017; JP 653; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123142 • ibid.; 4 Jun. 2018; JP 1126; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123648 • Nyord; 55°2.885′ N, 12°12.380′ E; UB20; 27 Apr. 2013; JP 829; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123323 • Ulvshale; 55°2.636′ N, 12°15.638′ E; UB20; 26 May 2018; JP 1109; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123627 • Vest for Bandholm; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1309; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123844 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Gurre Vang; 56°1.470′ N, 12°29.486′ E; UC41; 14 Apr. 2017; H. Enghoff 267; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122746 • Haettingsholm; 55°49.260′ N, 12°13.967′ E; UB38; 21 Apr. 2018; L. Thomas 1118; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123638 • Nord for Frederikssund; 55°51.404′ N, 12°3.534′ E; UB17; 14 Dec. 2013; R. Aagaard Jensen 407; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122891 • Stampeskov ved Rådvad; 55°48.332′ N, 12°33.138′ E; UB48; 14 Apr. 2013; JP 780; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123275 • Vest for Trørød; 55°50.223′ N, 12°31.185′ E; UB49; 30 Mar. 2019; JP 1404; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123950 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Bognaes Skov på Tuse Naes; 55°44.966′ N, 11°45.817′ E; PG78; 10 Dec. 2013; JP 880; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123378 • Nordbredden af Skarresø; 55°39.469′ N, 11°23.147′ E; PG47; 18 Feb. 2017; JP 339; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122818 . – Sydjylland (SJ) • Draved Skov; 55°0.964′ N, 8°58.395′ E; MF99; 1 Jun. 2013; JP 304; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122783 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.235′ N, 12°6.280′ E; UA19; 14 Jan. 2012; JP 539; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123023 • Sølsted Mose; 55°1.829′ N, 8°50.351′ E; MF89; 2 Jun. 2013; JP 488; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122972 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Gammel Kalvehave; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 24 Mar. 2018; JP 1004; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123511 • ibid.; 27 Apr. 2018; JP 1082; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123600 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.572′ N, 12°6.715′ E; UA19; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1278; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123808 • Storskov syd for Sparresholm; 55°13.234′ N, 11°57.463′ E; PG82; 17 Feb. 2019; JP 1386; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123929 .
On Paranchus albipes (Fabricius, 1796) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Døndalens udløb; 55°13.656′ N, 14 53.078′ E; VB92; 24 Jun. 2018; JP 1143; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123666 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Kongens bøge, Gribskov; 56°0.755′ N, 12°22.033′ E; UC13; 20 Apr. 2018; L. Kjaer-Thomsen 1116; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123636 .
On Platynus assimilis (Paykull, 1790) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Døndal; 55°13.489′ N, 14 52.936′ E; VB92; 26 May 2017; L.K. Thomsen & L. Thomas 426; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122911 • Svartingedalen ved Baggeå; 55°11.740′ N, 14°45.260′ E; VB81; 23 Jun. 2018; JP 1157; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123682 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Keldskov; 54°40.114′ N, 11°33.363′ E; PF66; 15 Jun. 2012; H. Liljehult 44; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122519 • Krenkerup Haveskov; 54°46.408′ N, 11°39.955′ E; PF77; 5 May 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 895; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123393 • ibid.; 12 May 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 104; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122579 • ibid.; 25 May 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 909; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123407 • ibid.; 16 Jun. 1993; S. Langemark & O.E. Meyer 103; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122578 • Ulvshale; 55°2.636′ N, 12°15.638′ E; UB20; 26 May 2018; JP 1108; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123626 . – Nordøstjylland (NEJ) • Engskoven i Tofte Skov; 56°51.525′ N, 10°15.065′ E; NJ70; 8–22 Aug. 2013; I. Aggerholm 935; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123435 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Herthadal, Lejre; 55°36.853′ N, 11°56.621′ E; PG86; 20 May 2018; L. Kjaer-Thsen 1117; L. Kjaer-Thomsen det.; ZMUC C-F-123637 • Lille Lyngby Mose; 55°40.831′ N, 12°29.094′ E; UC20; 28 Jan. 2018; J. Søgaard Hansen 998; J. Søgaard Hansen det.; ZMUC C-F-123505 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Nordøstbredden af Tissø; 55°35.612′ N, 11°18.461′ E; PG46; 1 May 2013; JP 757; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123251 • Nordbredden af Skarresø; 55°39.425′ N, 11°22.998′ E; PG47; 1 May 2013; JP 855; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123350 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Åshøje Overdrev; 55°26.368′ N, 12°6.359′ E; UB14; 6 Oct. 2018; L. Kjaer-Thomsen & L. Thomas 1235; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123762 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.331′ N, 12°6.357′ E; UA19; 27 Mar. 2018; JP 1020; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123527 • ibid.; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1277; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123807 • Sorø, Kristiansminde; 55°25.115′ N, 11°35.209′ E; PG64; 22 Jul. 2013; H. Enghoff 307; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122786 • ibid.; 2 Jul. 2014; JP 382; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122865 .
On Platynus livens (Gyllenhal, 1810) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Skelsmyre i Rønne Plantage; 55°4.375′ N, 14°45.096′ E; VB80; 25 Apr. 2014; H. Liljehult 231; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122712 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Holmegårds Mose; 55°17.685′ N, 11°47.928′ E; PG73; 31 Mar. 2019; JP 1418; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123964 .
On Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Jonstrup Vang ved Store Sejben Mose; 55°45.452′ N, 12°22.217′ E; UB38; 1–12 Jul. 2006; J. Høier 1575; P. Jørum det.; ZMUC C-F-124336 • Lille Hareskov ved Harrevads Bro; 55°45.966′ N, 12°22.601′ E; UB38; 1–12 May 2006; J. Høier 1574; P. Jørum det.; ZMUC C-F-124335 .
On Pterostichus vernalis (Panzer, 1796) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Bornholm (B) • Øst for Østerlars; 55°9.619′ N, 14°59.763′ E; VB91; 25 Apr. 2014; JP 211; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122690 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Vest for Bandholm; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1326; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123865 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Utterslev Mose; 55°42.714′ N, 12°29.907′ E; UB47; 28 Oct. 2012; JP 43; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122518 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Bognaes Skov på Tuse Naes; 55°44.966′ N, 11°45.817′ E; PG78; 10 Dec. 2013; JP 877; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123374 • Flasken nord for Reersø; 55°31.965′ N, 11°9.831′ E; PG35; 26 Jan. 2014; JP 612; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123100 • Flyndersø ved Dybesø; 55°58.151′ N, 11°45.621′ E; PH60; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 718; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123210 • Nordbredden af Skarresø; 55°39.469′ N, 11°23.147′ E; PG47; 18 Feb. 2017; JP 338; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122817. – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Gammel Kalvehave; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 24 Mar. 2018; JP 1001; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123508 • ibid.; 27 Apr. 2018; JP 1079; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123597 • ibid.; 25 Apr. 2019; JP 1444; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123992 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.572′ N, 12°6.715′ E; UA19; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1290; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123822 • Praestø; 55°6.913′ N, 12°2.035′ E; UB11; 25 Apr. 2019; JP 1435; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123982 .
Remarks
Laboulbenia flagellata is a binomen associated with an awkward species, described with very loose characters, waiting for a type designation and a precise delimitation of characteristics. Translation from German Peyritsch’s (1873) protologue states: “bright yellowish brown, only with a blackened perithecial apex and base as well, appendages few in number (4–7), rather similar, unbranched or divided from the base, not tinged, typically exceeding the perithecial apex”. In short, characteristics shared by numerous species. Moreover, Peyritsch (1873) mentioned three hosts: Bembidium lunatum (sic) (a host which now typically has been mentioned yielding Laboulbenia vulgaris or Laboulbenia pedicellata or perhaps some related species but never L. flagellata), Anchomenus albipes (now Paranchus albipes) (which is now the typical host for L. collae, although mixed infections with L. flagellata are common according to De Kesel, pers. comm.), and lastly, Anchomenus marginatus (now Agonum marginatum). The genus Agonum seems to be acceptable as the only one of these three genera where we find what most authors have assumed over the years to be L. flagellata . Therefore, an epitypification is highly desirable, where this host or any related might be considered as the mostly appropriate.
It is generally accepted by students of Laboulbeniales that L. flagellata is a species complex. Over the years, laboulbeniologists have been delimiting the taxon only a little better, resulting in what we have today. However, the amount of synonyms (from five to nine, depending on the authors′ criteria) and around ten infraspecific taxa, lacking any relevance, have meanwhile proliferated to increase the confusion. De Kesel & Van Den Neucker (2005) studied the morphological plasticity of L. flagellata obtained from Agonum spp. and Loricera pilicornis relative to environmental factors, concluding that there is no morphological evidence for segregation of their studied samples into different species. A very initial study with molecular techniques and morphometrics, using thalli from different species of ground beetles, demonstrated the existence of two clades (Haelewaters et al. 2019b). These two clades separate significantly thalli from Limodromus assimilis (Paykull, 1790) (= Platynus assimilis) from those on Agonum micans and Loricera pilicornis . Unfortunately the absence of typification for the species and the broadness of its concept reduce the impact of this study because it cannot be assured that what is sequenced is certainly a L. flagellata because of the absence of a fair morphological characterization including iconography in the protologue.
We have had at our disposal very abundant material from Denmark which has permitted us to perceive the enormous morphological variation of thalli within the concept of L. flagellata . Without being able to attain significant conclusions, we present some images which eloquently exemplify the status of the “species complex”. In Fig. 32 photographs of fungi from Agonum fuliginosum (Fig. 32A), A. muelleri (Fig. 32B), Anchomenus dorsalis (Fig. 32G), Anisodactylus binotatus (Fig. 32D), Loricera pilicornis (Fig. 32C) and Platynus assimilis (Fig. 32E–F) have been included. Thalli from Agonum spp. fit what may be broadly accepted as a “typical” L. flagellata; in the middle we have the thalli from Anisodactylus and Loricera Latreille, 1802 showing some interesting differences; and finally we have thalli from Platynus and Anchomenus that may represent future new species.
Laboulbenia gigantea Istvánffi, which has been considered a synonym of L. flagellata for a very long time, was reinstated in a recent study by Rossi & Christian (2020)