Key to species of Polynema (Polynema) in Australia and New Zealand (females)

1 Apterous (Figs 33, 122)................................................................................ 2

- Brachypterous or macropterous.......................................................................... 3

2(1) Mesoscutum and scutellum indistinguishably fused; scutellum without frenal foveae (Figs 30, 32)............................................................................................... P. (Polynema) aristokratka sp. n.

- Mesoscutum distinctly differentiated from scutellum; scutellum with frenal foveae (Fig. 119).. P. (Polynema) markiza sp. n.

3(1) Inner (medial) surface of scape with cross-ridges (Fig. 125)............................ P. (Polynema) princessa sp. n.

- Scape smooth, without cross-ridges....................................................................... 4

4(3) Fore wing with some discal setae very long, 30 µm or longer, these creating a “hairy” appearance (Figs 38, 106, 110)...... 5

- Fore wing with all discal setae relatively shorter, less than 30 µm long........................................... 6

5(4) Clava with 6 mps; fore wing (Fig. 110) with some discal setae up to about 100 µm long; hind wing strongly reduced, almost without membrane (Fig. 111)..................................................... P. (Polynema) koroleva sp. n.

- Clava with 7 mps; fore wing (Fig. 38) with discal setae at most about 60 µm long; hind wing with membrane........................................................................................ P. (Polynema) baronessa sp. n.

6(4) Pronotum entire...................................................................................... 7

- Pronotum divided mediolongitudinally.................................................................... 8

7(6) Scutellum with campaniform sensilla close to anterior margin and at a distance from lateral margins; propodeum with median carina obviously incomplete, extending from posterior margin about half length (Fig. 75); macropterous (Fig. 79); ovipositor at least 1.6× length of metatibia..................................................... P. (Polynema) grafinya sp. n.

- Scutellum with campaniform sensilla about in the middle and almost touching lateral margins (Fig. 86); propodeum with median carina almost complete, though not extending to anterior margin (Fig. 88); fore wing at least somewhat reduced (Fig. 100) if not notably brachypterous (Fig. 89); ovipositor about 1.1× length of metatibia.......... P. (Polynema) imperatrix sp. n.

8(6) Scutellum with campaniform sensilla separated from anterior margin by about 1 diameter of a sensillum (Fig. 134).................................................................................... P. (Polynema) rangatira sp. n.

- Scutellum with campaniform sensilla separated from anterior margin by at least 4 diameters of a sensillum.............. 9

9(8) Antenna (Fig. 45) with F2 about 4.5× as long as wide, F3 about 2.7× as long as wide, and with clava almost as long as combined length of preceding 4 flagellomeres............................................... P. (Polynema) draperi Girault

- Antenna (Figs 60, 65) with F2 about 6.3× as long as wide, F3 about 4.0× as long as wide, and with clava either slightly longer than or about as long as combined length of preceding 3 flagellomeres.................... P. (Polynema) editha Girault