Graphilbum anningense H. Wang, Q. Lu & Z. Zhang sp. n. Fig. 11

Etymology .

‘anningense’ (Latin), referring to the type locality.

Type.

CHINA, Yunnan, Tomicus yunnanensis galleries in Pinus yunnanensis, Apr. 2017, HM Wang, holotype CXY 1939, culture ex-holotype CFCC 52631 = CXY 1939.

Description.

Sexual form: unknown.

Asexual forms: Pesotum -like and Hyalorhinocladiella -like. Pesotum -like conidiophores abundant on 2% MEA, macronematous, synnematous, (150-) 210-293 (-336) μm long including conidiogenous apparatus, the base dark brown, slightly widened, (6.7-) 7.9 -18.8 (-29.0) μm wide anchored in the media by brown rhizoid-like hyphae, the apex slightly enlarging, fan-shaped; conidiogenous cells hyaline, thin-walled, aseptate, (15.3-) 21.0-35.5 (-42) × (0.7-) 1.1-1.9 (-2.3) μm; conidia 1-celled, clavate, ellipsoid to ovoid with truncate base and rounded apex, hyaline, smooth, (3.1-) 3.6-6.3 (-9.7) × (1.4-) 1.6-2.2 (-2.5) μm .

Hyalorhinocladiella -like: conidiogenous cells macronematous or semi-macronematous, mononematous, hyaline, simple or loosely branched, thin-walled, aseptate, (4.5-) 10.8-29.0 (-47) × (1.5-) 1.7-2.3 (-2.6) μm; conidia hyaline, clavate to ellipsoid, with obtuse ends, 1-celled, aseptate, smooth, (3.7-) 4.5-6.4 (-9.0) × (1.4-) 1.7-2.3 (-2.9) μm .

Culture characteristics.

Colonies on 2% MEA in the dark reaching 90 mm in diam. in 6 days at 25 °C, growth rate up to 19.5 mm/day at the fastest; colony margin smooth. Mycelium superficial to flocculose or floccose, hyaline; reverse hyaline to pale yellowish. Optimal growth temperature 30 °C, slow growth at 40 °C, no growth at 5 °C.

Known substrate and hosts.

Galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T. minor in Pinus yunnanensis .

Known insect vectors.

Tomicus yunnanensis, T. minor .

Known distribution.

Yunnan Province, China.

Additional specimens examined.

CHINA, Yunnan, Tomicus yunnanensis, T. minor galleries in Pinus yunnanensis, Apr. 2017, HM Wang, CFCC 52632 = CXY 1940, CFCC 52633 = CXY 1944.

Note .

Graphilbum anningense is characterised by a Pesotum -like and a Hyalorhinocladiella -like asexual state. It is phylogenetically closely related to Gra. rectangulosporium . However, Gra. rectangulosporium produced a sexual state in vitro (Ohtaka et al. 2006) which has not been observed in Gra. anningense . Other morphologically similar species include Gra. fragrans, Gra. crescericum, Gra. kesiyae and Gra. puerense . Graphilbum kesiyae and Gra. puerense also produce a Pesotum -like and a Hyalorhinocladiella -like asexual state. Graphilbum anningense and Gra. kesiyae differ by the size of their synnemata, whose length ranges do not overlap, viz. 210-293 μm and 112.5-173 μm long (Harrington et al. 2001), respectively. They also differ by their optimal growth temperature, respectively 30°C and 25°C. The synnemata of Gra. puerense, 206-357 μm long (Chang et al. 2017), are marginally longer than those of Gra. anningense . Graphilbum fragrans and Gra. crescericum produce only a Leptographium -like and/or a Hyalorhinocladiella -like asexual state in vitro (Harrington et al. 2001, Chang et al. 2017).

Graphilbum anningense was isolated from galleries of T. yunnanensis and T. minor infesting P. yunnanensis . Previously, Gra. fragrans had been reported from T. yunnanensis infesting P. yunnanensis and from Pissodes spp. infesting Tsuga dumosa and P. armandii in China (Paciura et al. 2010, Zhou et al. 2013). Graphilbum kesiyae and Gra. puerense were isolated from galleries of Polygraphus aterrimus, Po. szemaoensis and Ips acuminatus infesting P. kesiya (Chang et al. 2017). Although the geographic distribution of these four Graphilbum species overlaps, their hosts and vectors are nevertheless, as far as it is known, different (Chang et al. 2017).