Juga canella sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 36573E63-B6D8-49D0-84D4-C1BE0FDD59D8

Figs 15–16

Juga (Calibasis) acutifilosa – Frest & Johannes 1993: 61 (in part); 1995b: 37 (in part); 2000a: 283 (in part); 2005: 160 (in part); 2010: 9, 22 (in part).

Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 3 – Frest & Johannes 1993: 65; 1996: 44, 132; 1999: 89, figs 35–36.

Juga (Oreobasis) “ nigrina ” – Frest & Johannes 1995b (in part): 39; 2005: 179.

Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 1 – Frest & Johannes 1995b: 39; 2005: 179. — Johannes 2013a: 24.

Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 2 – Frest & Johannes 2005: 179. — Johannes 2013a: 24.

Juga (Calibasis) n. sp. – Johannes 2013a: 24.

Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. – Johannes 2013a: 24.

Juga (Calibasis) OTU 6 – Campbell et al. 2016: 160.

Juga (Calibasis) OTU 7 – Campbell et al. 2016: 160.

Juga species 3 – Strong & Whelan 2019: 89, fig. 4r–w.

non Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 3 – Frest & Johannes 1995a: 179. — Johannes 2015: 23. [= Juga newberryi]

non Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 1 – Frest & Johannes 1993: 64; 1995a: 178; 2001: 60. [= Juga bulbosa]

non Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 2 – Frest & Johannes 1993: 65; 1995a: 179; 1996: 43, 131; 1999: 85, figs 33–34. — Johannes 2015: 23. [= Juga bulbosa]

Etymology

‘ Kanéla ’ in Greek, and ‘ canella ’ in Medieval Latin, for ‘cinnamon’, in reference to the reddish-brown color of many specimens, and to the common name ‘ Cinnamon Juga’ that has been applied to members of the species in the southern part of its range. Used as a noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype USA • 1 spm (L = 16.87 mm); California, Siskiyou County, headwaters of Sacramento River at Mount Shasta City Park; 41.3287, -122.3271; 11 Sep. 2015; E.E. Strong and P. Bouchet leg.; GenBank: MK472233, MK464603, MK480770; USNM 1413106.

Other material examined 46 lots, 929 specimens, of which 30 were sequenced.

USA – Oregon • 23 spms; Jackson Co., Shoat Springs, Copco Rd; 42.046, -122.3362; 11 Jul. 2014; J.T. Garner and N.V. Whelan leg.; USNM 1295017 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472220, MK464590; USNM 1295007 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472221, MK464591, MK480759; USNM 1295008 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472222, MK464592, MK480760; USNM 1295009 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472223, MK464593; USNM 1295010 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472224, MK464594, MK480761; USNM 1295011 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472225, MK464595, MK480762; USNM 1295012 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472226, MK464596, MK480763; USNM 1295013 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472227, MK464597, MK480764; USNM 1295014 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472228, MK464598, MK480765; USNM 1295015 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472229, MK464599, MK480766; USNM 1295016 • 61 spms; Jackson Co., Keene Creek at Lincoln; 42.1047, -122.4129; 15 Sep. 2015; E.E. Strong and P. Bouchet leg.; USNM 1413293 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472243, MK464613, MK480780; USNM 1413285 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472244, MK464614, MK480781; USNM 1413286 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472245, MK464615, MK480782; USNM 1413287 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472246, MK464616, MK480783; USNM 1413288 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472247, MK464617, MK480784; USNM 1413289 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472248, MK464618, MK480785; USNM 1413290 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472249, MK464619, MK480786; USNM 1413291 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472250, MK464620, MK480787; USNM 1413292 • 73 spms; Jackson Co., unnamed creek at Skookum Creek Rd; 42.029, -122.3383; 15 Sep. 2015; E.E. Strong and P. Bouchet leg.; USNM 1413284 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472235, MK464605, MK480772; USNM 1413276 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472236, MK464606, MK480773; USNM 1413277 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472237, MK464607, MK480774; USNM 1413278 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472238, MK464608, MK480775; USNM 1413279 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472239, MK464609, MK480776; USNM 1413280 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472240, MK464610, MK480777; USNM 1413281 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472241, MK464611, MK480778; USNM 1413282 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472242, MK464612, MK480779; USNM 1413283 . – California • 5 spms; Shasta Co., Conant [Castella], from Sacramento River; [41.1381, -122.3176]; Aug. 1937; T. Burch and J.Q. Burch leg.; UF 192876 • 150 spms; Siskiyou Co., 2 mi NE of Weed, near source (spring) of Carrick Creek; [41.4467, -122.3661]; 30 Jul. 1967; A.G. Smith leg.; CASIZ 30027 • 17 spms; Siskiyou Co., 2 mi N of Weed, Hwy 97; [41.4467, -122.3661]; 18 Jul. 1948; M.L. Walton leg.; ANSP 346015 • 8 spms; Siskiyou Co., Big Springs Creek; [41.6001, -122.428]; 18 Jun. 1958; Wales leg.; USNM 791508 • 288 spms; Siskiyou Co., Big Springs, Nature Conservancy property; 41.5981, -122.4069; 2 Sep. 2015; J.L. Furnish and R. Lis leg.; CASIZ 223498 • 24 spms; same collection data as for preceding; CASIZ 223572 • 1 spm; Siskiyou Co., Dunsmuir; [41.2027, -122.2751]; 1891; H.F. Wickham leg.; USNM 509469 • 28 spms; Siskiyou Co., headwaters of Sacramento River at Mount Shasta City Park; 41.3287, -122.3271; 11 Sep. 2015; E.E. Strong and P. Bouchet leg.; USNM 1413108 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472230, MK464600, MK480767; USNM 1413103 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472231, MK464601, MK480768; USNM 1413104 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472232, MK464602, MK480769; USNM 1413105 • 1 spm; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: MK472234, MK464604, MK480771; USNM 1413107 • 74 spms; Siskiyou Co., Shasta River; 1884; R.E. Call leg.; USNM 63494 • 45 spms; Siskiyou Co., Shasta River, base of Mt Shasta; R.E. Call leg.; USNM 63495 • 3 spms; Siskiyou Co., Sisson [Mount Shasta City]; [41.3108, -122.331]; ANSP 185617 • 18 spms; same collection data as for preceding; UF 80824 • 81 spms; Siskiyou Co.; H.F. Wickham leg.; USNM 509452 .

Description

SHELL. Thin, small to moderate in size, usually not exceeding ~ 1.5 cm in length, rarely up to ~ 2.4 cm; turriform, broadly to elongately conical in shape, spire height low to moderate (Fig.15). Whorls convex to angulate with a subsutural ramp, occasionally shouldered, suture moderately to deeply impressed. Body whorl usually inflated. Aperture oval in shape, lip smooth to crenate, simple to weakly sinuous. Spiral sculpture absent or present, of thickened lirae, smooth to slightly sinuous, barely elevated to prominent, variable in number, dividing whorl into intervening flattened areas or grooves. Axial sculpture of fine, weakly prosocline to opisthocyrt or sinuous growth lines; plications lacking. Shell black, dark purplish to reddish cinnamon brown or tan in color, infrequently with irregular streaks of reddish purple or a lighter subsutural band. Interior of aperture cream to dark purple in color.

RADULA. Rachidian squarish, slightly wider than tall, with weakly v-shaped lower margin and projecting outer corners; basal denticles lacking (Fig. 16). Upper margin slightly concave with cutting edge bearing central, elongate conical cusp, and two to four stout, conical denticles on each side. Lateral teeth with prominent triangular cusp flanked by two to three inner and three to four outer, triangular denticles, and frequently a membranous outermost denticle. Marginal teeth with broadly rounded cutting edges and long, slender, flattened shafts with membranous flanges along inner and outer edges. Narrow inner flanges along distal half to two-thirds of shafts; broad outer flanges extending almost to tooth bases. Inner marginal teeth with ~three and outer marginal teeth with three to five flattened denticles.

Distribution and ecology

Primarily in springs, spring runs, and spring-fed creeks of northern California in Shasta River drainages and adjacent parts of the upper Sacramento River drainage in Siskiyou and Shasta Counties, and of south-central Oregon in upper Klamath River drainages in Jackson County, including sites in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (Fig. 14B).

Remarks

Juga canella sp. nov. is comprised of smooth and lirate forms that can co-occur at the same site and possess the same COI haplotype (Strong & Whelan 2019: fig. 4). In the northern part of its range, J. canella can be distinguished from J. nigrina, which is typically banded and sculptured with spiral striae and plications on the upper whorls, more cylindrical with a narrower spire angle, and larger in size at adulthood (see J. nigrina below).

Distribution

Based on sequenced specimens, the confirmed southern extent of the range is from springs north of Mossbrae Falls in the vicinity of Dunsmuir in southern Siskiyou County, California (Campbell et al. 2016). At least historically, the species extended slightly further south as represented by one lot of five specimens collected in 1937 at Conant [= Castella] in northern Shasta County (UF 192876). In the southern part of the range, the species occurs in the part of the Sacramento River drainage affected by the Cantara Loop chemical spill in 1991 (Frest & Johannes 1993, 2005). The species is associated primarily with springs and spring runs where it survived the disaster, but Frest & Johannes (1999) noted rare populations associated with subaqueous springs in the main stem of the Sacramento River which would have been extirpated by the spill.

Common name

The common name for this species is the Cinnamon Juga (Frest & Johannes 1995 b, 1999; Duncan 2008; Johannes 2015) (= Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 3: Frest & Johannes 1993; = Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 1: Frest & Johannes 1995b), which previously was considered restricted to the upper Sacramento River drainage in Siskiyou County, California, and had been afforded federal protection under the “survey and manage” provisions of the Northwest Forest Plan (USDA and USDI 1994, 2000) and petitioned for federal listing (USFWS 2011). However, the 12-month finding on the petition concluded that the species could not be considered a listable entity pending the necessary genetic comparisons to establish its taxonomic validity (USFWS 2012).

This species also includes putatively new taxa in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument, although these were never figured or diagnosed, including Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp. 1 (Close Butte Juga) and J. (O.) n. sp. 2 (Rattlesnake Spring Juga) (Frest & Johannes 2005; Johannes 2013a). The OTU referred to as J. (O.) “ nigrina ” (Frest & Johannes 2005 = Schoolhouse Meadow Juga) and later as J. (O.) n. sp. (Johannes 2013a = Spring Creek Juga) from the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument comprises smooth forms of J. canella sp. nov. The OTU referred to as J. (O.) “ nigrina ” (Frest & Johannes 1995b = Smooth River Juga) from the Upper Sacramento System is a mixture of J. canella and J. douglasi sp. nov. as circumscribed here. The lirate forms of J. canella were referred to J. (Calibasis) acutifilosa, or Scalloped Juga (Frest & Johannes 2005), and later to J. (C.) n. sp., or Fall Creek Juga (Johannes 2013a) .