Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874

Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 344, as subgenus of Baryodma Thomson, 1858 . Type species: Aleochara decorata Aubé, 1850 (fixed by Mulsant & Rey (1874) by monotypy).

Polychara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 348, as subgenus of Baryodma Thomson, 1858, including 19 species. Type species: Aleochara discipennis Mulsant & Rey, 1853, fixed by Fenyes (1918: 24) (subsequent designation). As synonym of Xenochara Klimaszewski (1984: 34), Assing (2009: 36) and Newton (2022).

Homoeochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 414, as subgenus of Baryodma Thomson, 1858, including 3 species. Type species: Aleochara sparsa Heer, 1839, fixed by Fenyes (1918: 23) (subsequent designation), error: as Aleochara sparsa Fairmaire & Laboulbène, 1856 in Mulsant & Rey (1874). As synonym of Xenochara Assing (2009: 36) and Newton (2022).

Dyschara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 425, as subgenus of Baryodma Thomson, 1858 . Type species: Aleochara inconspicua Aubé, 1850, fixed by monotypy. As synonym of Xenochara Assing (2009: 36) and Newton (2022).

Rheochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 294, as genus, without species included. Type species: Ocalea spadicea Erichson, 1837, fixed by subsequent monotypy (the first species included by Mulsant & Rey 1875: 3). As synonym of Xenochara Assing (2016: 270) and Newton (2022).

Metalea Mulsant & Rey, 1875: 299, as subgenus of Ocalea Erichson, 1837 . Type species: Ocalea procera Erichson, 1839, fixed by monotypy. As synonym of Xenochara Assing (2016: 270) and Newton (2022). Note: Ocalea procera Erichson, 1839 is treated as a junior synonym of Ocalea spadicea Erichson, 1837 (Scḩ lke & Smetana 2015).

Ophiochara Bernhauer, 1901: 439, as subgenus of Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802, including 2 species. Type species: Aleochara breiti Ganglbauer, 1897, fixed by Fenyes (1918: 24) (subsequent designation). As synonym of Xenochara Assing (2009: 36) and Newton (2022).

Isochara Bernhauer, 1901: 440, as subgenus of Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802, including 2 sepcies. Type species: Aleochara tristis Gravenhorst, 1806, fixed by Fenyes (1918: 23) (subsequent designation). As synonym of Xenochara Klimaszewski (1984: 35), Assing (2009: 36) and Newton (2022).

Notiochara Casey, 1906: 134, as genus, including 2 species. Type species: Notiochara subaspera Casey, 1906, fixed by Fenyes (1918: 24) (subsequent designation). As synonym of Xenochara Klimaszewski & Jansen (1993: 68) and Newton (2022).

Euryodma Reitter, 1909: 24, as subgenus of Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 . Type species: Aleochara brevipennis Gravenhorst, 1806, fixed by monotypy. As synonym of Xenochara Assing (2009: 36) and Newton (2022).

The diagnosis of the subgenus was modified by Park & Ahn (2010). The species of Aleochara (Xenochara) can be separated from other subgenera of Aleochara by the following combination of characters: body compact and robust (somewhat less than Aleochara ( Aleochara)); antennomere 4 and 5 wider than long or slightly longer than wide; antennomeres 6–10 moderately transverse; mandibles symmetrical, without internal teeth; maxillary palpomere 4 one-third to three-fourths length of palpomere 3; labium with bifurcated glossa; beta seta of labial palpi long; pronotum uniformly pubescent; mesoventrite completely carinate, sometimes the carina is slightly shorter; spines of lateral margins of protibia and mesotibia present, but absent in metatibia.

Note: In some Brazilians species, the labral b-sensilla is long, not very short (sharpened or rounded apically) as in Park & Ahn (2010, mentioned as labral b-seta); and the carina on each side of the midline of the ventral surface of the head is very short, and not long and attaining the gular suture as in Park & Ahn (2010).

Identification key for Aleochara (Xenochara) species that occur in Brazil

1. Ventral surface of head with a long carina on each side of midline, almost or reaching the gular suture (Figs. 23 and 24).... 2

- Ventral surface of head with a very short carina on each side of midline (Fig. 25)................................... 5

2. Posterolateral margin of elytra slightly to deeply emarginate (Fig. 29 and 30)...................................... 3

- Posterolateral margin of elytra not emarginate, straight to kindly rounded (Fig. 31)................................. 4

3. Antennomere 4 slightly longer than wide (Fig. 15)................................................... A. puberula

- Antennomere 4 conspicuously transverse, two times wider than long (Fig. 16)........................... A. verberans

4. Male: median lobe of the aedeagus with a remarkable sclerite surrounding the ejaculatory duct (Figs. 50–52). Female: abdominal tergum VI extended in the middle and posterior margin strongly arcuate (Fig. 48)........................ A. simulatrix

- Male: median lobe of aedeagus without a remarkable sclerite surrounding the ejaculatory duct (Figs. 58–60). Female: abdominal tergum VI not extended in the middle and posterior margin truncate..................................... A. taeniata

5. Head with the same color as the pronotum (Figs. 6–8)........................................................ 6

- Head distinctly darker than pronotum (Fig. 5)............................................... A. capitinigra sp. nov

6. Male: abdominal tergum VIII with posterior margin emarginate and coarsely serrated (around 10 teeth) (Fig. 69). Female: abdominal sternum VIII with posterior margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 72)............................... A. repetita

- Male: abdominal tergum VIII with posterior margin emarginate and kindly serrate (around 20 teeth) (Figs. 77 and 85). Female: abdominal sternum VIII with posterior margin not or deeply emarginate (Figs. 80 and 88)............................ 7

7. Abdominal segments VII to X rust brown, lighter than the rest of the abdomen (Fig. 7). Male and female: abdominal sternum VIII with posterior margin truncate and a very short projection at the middle (Figs. 79 and 80)............... A. lapidicola

- Abdominal segments VII to X similar in color to the rest of abdomen (Fig. 8). Male: abdominal sternum VIII with posterior margin broadly round (Fig. 87). Female: abdominal sternum VIII with posterior margin deeply emarginate (Fig. 88).......................................................................................... A. leivasorum sp. nov.