taxonID	type	description	language	source
FC2F87B4FFDE1713FC294E09B04374EA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIESI Kurıdelungııa Íeleupi Schouteden, 1951: 295 - 296 (orig. design., monobasic).	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFDE1713FC294E09B04374EA.taxon	description	OTHER SPECIESI Kuııdeluııgııa merídionalis Schouteden, 1966: 372 - 373.	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFDE1713FC294E09B04374EA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: The genus Kundelungua occurs in the Afrotropical region: West African subregion (K. leleupi), South African subregion (K. meridionalis). and in the Lemurian region: Madagascar subregion (K. meridionalis).	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFDE1713FC294E09B04374EA.taxon	description	Somatic characters Measurements (in mm): Total body length 3.3 - 4.9: head length 1.0 - 1. 3, width 1.1 - 1.4; pronotum length 0.8 - 1.0, width 1.6 - 2.3. Ground color brownish, with beige to yellowish peg-shaped tubercles (their apices IAAUOLL] General structure: Entire dorsal surface rough, covered with peg-shaped tubercles, interspersed with short, rigid, yellow setae (Figs 24 - 27). Arrangement of tubercles not bilaterally symmetrical, tubercles longest and densest on head. Head (Figs l, 2, 26 - 28). Ground color pale to dark brown. Subtriangular in dorsal view. Eyes large, strongly protuberant but not pedunculate. Ocelli small, located among tubercles. Antenniferous tubercles not exceeding lateral edge of head in dorsal view. Anteclypeus and mandibular plates (MP) long, narrow, narrowing to apices; MP broadly touching each another before anteclypeus, about one and a half times the length of the anteclypeus. Dorsal surface of head slightly convex; discal peg-shaped tubercles shoner than marginal tubercles. Antennae five-segmented, first segment distinctly short, segments 2 - 5 approximately equal in length. Bucculae large. elevated, with ventral margin straight. Apex of rostrum reaching to metacoxae. First segment of rostrum not surpassing distal end of bucculae: segments 3 and 4 conspicuously wider than 1 and 2. Pronotum (Figs 3 - 5, 29). Wider than long, narrower anteriorly than posteriorly. Anterior margin almost straight, with a row of six to eight rounded tubercles. Anterolateral margin slightly concave, bearing peg-shaped tubercles, the most anterior tubercle usually the largest; shape and number of tubercles variable intraspecifically. Lateral angle broadly rounded, usually with a single, large, peg-shaped tubercle. Posterolateral and posterior margins almost straight, without tubercles. Posterior angle almost 180 ° Transverse, wide, depressed groove approximately in the midlength of pronotum divides it into slightly convex anterior and posterior parts. Venter of thorax (Figs 31 - 33). Thoracic sterna forming wide, deep sulcus, darker than surrounding area. Proepisternum with small process before coxa. Thoracic pleura: Scent gland orifice without auricle, situated on medial wall of a distinct, mushroom-shaped protuberance (with a narrow base and a wide apex); about 1 / 3 of apical area of this protuberance distinctly coarse (Figs 32, 33). Evaporative area situated only on metapleuron, formed by small, approximately circular area surrounding the base of protuberance. Sculpture of evaporative area of usual pentatomoid type (Fig. 33). Evaporative area with protuberance touching anterior margin of metapleuron at about 1 / 2 of its width. Evaporative area dark brown, dull, protuberance yellowish. Legs (Fig. 28). Coxae without processes. Femora approximately cylindrical in cross-section. Tibiae almost triangular in cross-section, narrower than femora, not sulcate, with pale. long setae. Tarsi three-segmented, second segment the shortest. Scutellum (Figs 6, 7. 26. 30). Slightly convex, its shape as in Figs 6 and 7. apex broadly rounded. Width of base of scutellum equivalent to width between posterior angles of pronotum. Triangular basal plate distinctly elevated, slightly depressed medially, with many peg-shaped tubercles; plate continuing as shorter (K. Ieleupi) or longer (K. meridionalis) longitudinal, elevated keel. Scutellum extending to posterior margin of abdominal tergum 6 or 7, never exceeding apex of abdomen. Frena developed as oblique, low sclerites at inner surface of scutellum, reaching approximately to the midlength of scutellum. Exposed parts of dorsum of abdomen and hemielytra (Figs 6, 7). All external laterotergites (3 - 7) uncovered (internal laterotergites have not been studied), in case of shorter scutellum and corium also much of posterior mediotergites uncovered. Length of corium variable individually, usually reaching to the middle of tergum 5 (from the middle of tergum 4 to posterior half of tergum 5). Length of membrane variable, from not protruding from the scutellum to exceeding the apex of abdomen (including pygophore). Small lateral triangular part of clavus, and large part of corium, including whole medial fracture, not covered by scutellum. Venter of abdomen (Figs 34, 35). Ground color dark brown. Without any distinct structure on base. Spiracles large, distinctly elevated. Saucer-shaped sockets of trichobothria distinct, depressed. Pattern of rather short trichobothria constant from sternum 3 to 7: 0 + 0, 1 + 1. 1 + 1. 2 + 2, 0 + 0. (Pattern 0 + 0. 1 + 1, 1 + 1 or 2 + 1, 2 + 2, 0 + 0 occurs in only one specimen of 20 specimens of K. merídionalis examined.) If only one trichobothrium occurs, it is almost in spiracular line or slightly lateral, if two trichobothria occur, lateral trichobothrium is situated in spiracular line, the medial one medial to this line. Male external genitalia Pygophore (Figs 8 - 17, 36, 37). Pygophore brown; subquadrate in ventral view, semicircular in posterior view. External opening of pygophore posterior, with small lateral excavation for paramere near ventral rim on each side. External opening covered by large proctiger of complicated shape: depressed laterally, dorsal and ventral margins elevated, dorsal part with distinct, rigid setae, ventral part without setae (Figs 14, 15, 36, 37). Ventral wall convex, medially depressed near ventral rim in ventral view. Ventral rim trisinuate in ventral view, carinate; medial, tongue-shaped process of rim recurved at right angle ventrally, lateral parts of lateral processes of rim recurved ventrolaterally (Figs 8 13, 36, 37). Infolding of rim parallel to ventral wall. Dorsal rim convex in posterior view; carinate medially, broadly rounded laterally; with sublateral, long, thorn-shaped process directed ventromedially (Figs 8 - 13, 36, 37). Infolding of rim almost parallel to dorsal wall; narrow medially, widening laterally where it merges with infolding of lateral rim. Lateral rim convex in posterior view, broadly rounded (Figs 8 - 11). Proximal part of infolding of rim parallel to lateral wall; distal part recurved at right angle to lateral wall. Dorsal process present as low, long, sharp, dark brown longitudinal sclerite on distal part of infolding of rim (Figs 12, 13). Structures at inner surface of ventral wall (Figs 16, 17): A pair of dark brown, subquadrate, longitudinal sclerites near ventral rim. These sclerites continue distally to another pair of interior, subquadrate sclerites, concave in transverse cross-section, formed only by a ﬁne membrane in the middle. Anterior edges of interior sclerites are the most conspicuous structures of the inner surface of ventral wall of pygophore. Parameres (Figs 18, 19, 36, 37). Paramere with biramous hypophysis; arms ﬂattened, almost parallel, directed laterally. Base of paramere narrow, continuing to narrow peduncle, which merges with the hypophysis. Ventral arm smaller, narrower, without setae; dorsal arm larger, wide, with distinct setae at margin. Phallus (Figs 20 - 23). Articulatory apparatus small, of usual pentatomoid shape (not illustrated). Phallotheca approximately vase-shaped, narrow; its base wider than apex, with pair of small tubercles ventrally; thecal shield developed only along ventral margin of phallotheca. Conjunctiva long, distinctly wider than phallotheca, formed by pair of lateral, membranous, biramous processes. Apical part of each process larger than dorsal part; apical part containing brown sclerite (here named medial penial lobe) (Figs 20 - 23), which forms dorsal margin of apical part; dorsal part with small, pale brown, ﬂattened sclerite. Medial penial lobe long, narrow, recurved ventrally, ﬂattened dorsoventrally. Ejaculatory reservoir of unusual shape for Pentatomoidea: its ﬂattened base situated in dorsal part of phallotheca; apical, bulbus-shaped part occupying the whole apex of phallotheca (Figs 20, 21). Long endophalic ductus projecting from apex of ejaculatory reservoir, S-shaped within conjunctiva (Figs 20, 21). Secondary gonoporus of equal width to endophalic ductus; recurved ventrodistally, situated near apices of medial penial lobes. Female external genitalia Ovipositor of usual pentatomoid shape. Paired ventral eighth laterotergites larger; paired first valvifers distinctly large; paired ventral ninth laterotergites small, lying between ventral eighth laterotergites and first valvifers. Second valvifer unpaired, small, lying between first valvifers. Tergites 10 and ll fused, forming a small, unpaired sclerite lying between ventral ninth laterotergites. There are no significant differences in ovipositor shape between K. leleupi and K. nıeridioııalis.	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFD9171DFC28429BB0F3721C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINEDI Type material: Holotype 6: Katanga: Kundelungu (savane hab), ii. 1952, 1750 m, N. Leleup. MRAC. Paratype 6: Massif des Kundelungu. 1.1.1949, N. Leleup, in termite nest. coll. Mus. Congo. Ivrnfu .. Other material: Congo Belge P. N. U., Lusinga (riv. Kafne), 5. vi. 1945, G. F. de Witte; MRAC: 19. Congo Belge P. N. U., Lusinga (near Miikana), 4. vi. l 945, GF. de Witte; MRAC: 16. Congo Beige, Kivu: terr. d’Uvira, Kabomumbo, viii. 1959, P. L. G. Benoit; MRAC: 16.	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFD9171DFC28429BB0F3721C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: K. leleupı' occurs only in Zaire (former Congo Beige).	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFD9171DFC28429BB0F3721C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Somatic characters Measurements (in mm): Total body length 3.3 - 4.1 (M = 3.7); head length 1.1 i-i —. 1.2 2 (lvl = 1.1), width 1.1 l-l - 1.2.2 (( M = l. 1.1 l ))?; pronotum length 0.8419 (M = 0.8), width 1.6 - 1.8 (M = 1.7). Head (Fig. l). Ground color dark brown; broadly subtriangular in dorsal view. Uniform peg-shaped tubercles on entire surface of head. Bucculae (at least their apices) always paler than ventral surface of head, mostly beige. Pronotum (Fig. 3). Ground color dark brown, anterior part darker than posterior, apices of peg-shaped tubercles white-yellowish. Approximately trapezoidal in dorsal view. One cylindrical tubercle of variable size at anterior angle of pronotum; this is the ﬁrst of the tubercles forming a row at anterolateral margin. Venter of thorax. Evaporative area small but larger than in K. meridionalis. Legs. Tarsi beige, tibiae pale brown. Femora either entirely dark brown, only the hind femur with pale subapical spot; or femora dark brown with bases, apices and subapical spots beige. Scutellum (Fig. 6). Longitudinal keel fine, short, reaching at least to the middle of scutellum. Lateral margin slightly concave at anterior 1 / 3 in dorsal view. Scutellum extending from the middle to apex of tergum 7 (males), or from posterior margin of tergum 6 to 1 / 4 of tergum 7 females Exposed parts of dorsum of abdomen and hemielytra (Fig. 6). Membrane of variable length, usually short, from not protruding from scutellum to exceeding apex of abdomen. Corium reaching to the middle of tergum 5. Venter of abdomen. Sockets of trichobothria distinct, beige. Male external genitalia Pygophore (Figs 8, 10, 12, 14, 16). Ventral wall distinctly depressed medially near ventral rim. Shape of processes of ventral rim: medial process low. triangular, with base wider than apex; lateral process low, triangular, with rounded apex (Figs 8. 10). Lateral rim rounded, widening near ventral rim. Processes of dorsal rim thick, massive (Figs 8, 12). Dorsal process on infolding of lateral rim narrow (Fig. 12), less distinct than in K. merídíonalís. Infolding of dorsal rim distinctly narrow medially (Fig. 12). Proctiger dark brown, low, distinctly concave medially in lateral view (Fig. 14). Structures at inner surface of ventral wall (Fig. 16): sclerites near ventral rim uniformly pigmented; transverse cross section of all structures together distinctly concave. Parameres (Fig. 18). With short setae. Ventral arm distinctly shorter than dorsal one; both arms forming an acute angle. Apex of dorsal arm with excision. Phallus (Figs 20, 22). Phallus brown, thecal shield dark brown. Dorsal part of conjunctival membranous process narrow, long, entirely bordered by distinct, dark brown sclerite (Fig. 20). Medial penial lobe narrow, long, apex distinctly recurved ventrally. Secondary gonoporus situated between medial penial lobes (Fig. 20).	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFD7171FFCFC44D7B1FA79C8.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINEDZ Type material: I have designated a male as lectotype and a female as paralectotype, using two of Schouteden’s syntypes. Lectotype 6: S. Africa, Potchefstroom. 23. iii. 32. Zumpt. MRAC. Paralectotype 9: from the same locality, with the same labels, MRAC. Other material: S. Afr., Botharille, Dr. Brauns; MRAC: 16. 1 9. S. Afr., A. L. Capener; UCMS: 16. S. Afr., Transvaal, Krüger Nat. Park, 9 mi SSW Skukuza, 26. iv. l 968. T. Schuh, J. A. & S. Slater, M. Sweet; UCMS: 16, 5 9 9. S. Afr., Transvaal, Krüger Nat. Park. 5 mi SE Letaba river at Letaba camp. 1. v. l 968. T. Schuh, J. A. & S. Slater, M. Sweet; UCMS: 26 6, 39 9. S. Afr., Transvaal, 17 mi N Louis Trichardt, 14. xii. 1967, T. Schuh, S. Slater, J. Munting; UCMS: 19. S. Afr., Transvaal, Krüger Nat. Park, Letaba river E of Olifants camp, 30. iv. l 968, T. Schuh, J. A. & _ S. Slater, M. Sweet; UCMS: l 9. S. Afr., Natal, 4.6 mi N Cato ridge, 16. iv. 1968, J. A. & S. Slater, T. Schuh; UCMS: 19. S. Afr., Transvaal, Meintjies kop, Pretoria, l 8. iii. l 967, J. A. & S. Slater, T. Schuh; UCMS: 1 Q. S. Afr., Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, 3 mi E Satara camp. Nwanedzi river, 29. iv. l 968, T. Schuh, J. A. & S. Slater, M. Sweet; UCMS: 19. S. Afr., Transvaal, 15 mi SSW Pietersburg, 25. x. 1967, J. A. & S. Slater, T. Schuh; UCMS: 16. S. Afr., Transvaal, 4 mi S Komatipoort, 600 ft .. 25. - 26. iii. l 968, T. Schuh, J. A. & S. Slater, M. Sweet; UCMS: 16. SW Madagascar, Andranohinaly; ZMHB: 16.	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFD7171FFCFC44D7B1FA79C8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: K. meridioııalis occurs in South Africa and in Madagascar.	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
FC2F87B4FFD7171FFCFC44D7B1FA79C8.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Somatic characters Measurements (in mm): Total body length 3.7 - 4.9 (M = 4.1); head length 1.1 - 1.3 (M = 1.2), width 1.0 - 1.4 (M = 1.2); pronotum length 0.8 - 1.0 (M = 0.9), width 1.9 - 2.3 (M = 2.0). Head (Figs 2, 26 - 28). Ground color pale brown, with longitudinal stripe on each mandibular plate and almost entire anterior part of head beige. Narrowly subtriangular in dorsal view. Peg-shaped tubercles long, ﬂattened at margins of mandibular plates. Bucculae always paler, entirely or in proximal part, than ventral surface of head, mostly white- ‘ Pronotum (Figs 4, 5). Ground color brown (paler than in K. leleupi), two dark brown spots on anterior part; ﬂattened lateral margins beige, apices of peg-shaped tubercles distinctly white-yellowish. One large, bilobed, ﬂattened tubercle at anterior angle of pronotum, this is the first of the tubercles forming a row at anterolateral margin of pronotum. Venter of thorax (Figs 31 - 33). Evaporative area conspicuously small. Legs. Tarsi beige, tibiae either entirely dark brown, or dorsal surfaces pale brown, ventral surfaces pale brown with three dark brown spots. Femora either entirely dark brown with subapical brown spot; or ground color of femora dark brown with bases, apices and distinct subapical spots beige. Scutellum (Figs 7, 26, 30). Longitudinal keel distinct, usually reaching to apex of scutellum. Lateral margin distinctly concave at anterior 1 / 3 in dorsal view. Scutellum extending from posterior margin of tergum 6 to the middle of tergum 7 (males), or from 1 / 4 of tergum 6 to anterior margin of tergum 7 (females). Exposed parts of dorsum of abdomen and hemielytra (Fig. 7). Membrane of variable length, usually short, from not protruding from the scutellum to reaching to apex of abdomen but never exceeding it. Corium usually reaching to the middle of tergum 5, rarely to posterior part of tergum 4. Venter of abdomen (Figs 34, 35). Sockets of trichobothria less distinct than in K. leleupi, pale brown. Male external genitalia Pygophore (Figs 9, I I, 13, 15, 17, 36, 37). Ventral wall slightly depressed medially near ventral rim. Shape of processes of ventral rim: medial process high, triangular, with base only slightly wider than apex; lateral process high, triangular, distinctly flattened (Figs 9, I 1, 37). Lateral rim rounded, widening near dorsal rim. Processes of dorsal rim long, fragile, whitish (Figs 9, 13, 37). Dorsal process on infolding of lateral rim wide, distinct (Fig. 13). Infolding of dorsal rim medially wider than in K. leleupi. Medial part of proctiger pale brown, remainder dark brown; proctiger high (Fig. IS), less concave medially in lateral view than in K. leleupi. Structures at inner surface of ventral wall (Fig. 17): sclerites near ventral rim conspicuously pigmented, with strongly pigmented, oval plates at lateral margins, transverse cross-section of all structures together slightly concave. Parameres (Figs 19, 36, 37). With long, rigid setae. Ventral arm slightly shorter than dorsal; arms parallel. Apex of dorsal arm without excision. Phallus (Figs 21, 23). Pale brown, thecal shield brown. Dorsal part of conjunctival membranous process wide, short, only apex bordered by distinct, dark brown sclerite (Fig. 2 1). Medial penial lobe wide, short, apex slightly recurved ventrally. Secondary gonoporus proximal to medial penial lobes (Fig. 21).	en	Jitka Davidová-Vilímová (1993): Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175: 159-175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15842096
