identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FD6587F0FF9A1E42FC5DFD762D2A003D.text	FD6587F0FF9A1E42FC5DFD762D2A003D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scalabrinitherium Ameghino 1883	<div><p>Genus Scalabrinitherium Ameghino, 1883</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Scalabrinitherium bravardi Ameghino, 1883 .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Paraná river cliffs (Entre Ríos Province); Lower Member of the Ituzaingó Formation; Late Miocene.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF9A1E42FC5DFD762D2A003D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF9A1E4FFCAFFC75289904BD.text	FD6587F0FF9A1E4FFCAFFC75289904BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scalabrinitherium bravardi Ameghino 1883	<div><p>Scalabrinitherium bravardi Ameghino, 1883</p><p>(Fig. 2 A-R)</p><p>Scalabrinitherium bravardi Ameghino, 1883a: 108 .</p><p>REFERRED MATERIAL. — GHUNLPam 6765, associated left P2 and fragments of right M1?, GHUNLPam 8146, right M1, GHUNLPam 6110, left mandibular fragment with incomplete m2 and complete m3, and GHUNLPam 6207, incomplete lower molar, from Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (early Huayquerian); GHUNLPam 8233, right M3, from Telén (early Huayquerian); GHUNLPam 5138, left partial maxilla with M1 (incomplete)-M3, and GHUNLPam 5139, right trigonid of a lower molar, from Guatraché (late Huayquerian); and MMP-M 2000, left mandibular fragment with p3-m1, from Laguna Epecuén ( Huayquerian s.l.).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>The P2 GHUNLPam 6765 (Fig. 2A) is a worn tooth, labially convex. It is triangular in occlusal view, compressed anteriorly and wider and rounded posterolingually. There is a long anterolingual fossette, limited by a basal cingulum, and a tiny fossette posterolingually placed.The associated molar fragment (M1? Fig. 2B) preserves a large, tear-shaped posterolingual fossette, a notably smaller, laterally compressed mediolingual fossette, and a partially preserved, roughly compressed anterolingual one.</p><p>GHUNLPam 8146 (Fig. 2C, D) is an incomplete, worn M1, with four fossettes. The posterior one is tear-shaped as in the molar of GHUNLPam 6765; the anterior fossette is a little smaller, quadrangular, and slightly more lingually placed; the other two fossettes are placed in between. The most lingual of the latter is smaller, but similar to the anterior one and separates protocone and hypocone with similar development, while the most labial one is centrally placed, subcircular and much smaller. The labial styles (Fig. 2C) are poorly developed; the interstylar concavities are shallow, longer the anterior one. The labial cingulum descends slightly from the posterior to the anterior region.</p><p>In GHUNLPam 5138 (Fig. 2E), the posterior fossette of the incomplete M1 is oval, differing from that described above. The M2 shows the protoloph wider than the metaloph; preserves the four fossettes and the lingual ones show a low lingual border (also observed in M3); labially, the styles and the interstylar concavities are pronounced, and the distance between parastyle and mesostyle is greater than that between mesostyle and metastyle (Fig. 2F). The M3 is labiolingually compressed, with all fossettes well developed, except the small mediolingual one; the hypocone is less extended lingually than the protocone, and both are shorter than in M2 due to the trapezoidal outline of M3; the labial concavity between parastyle and mesostyle is shallow, and there is an incipient metacone fold between mesostyle and metastyle. All these teeth present traces of cementum on the labial face and inside the fossettes.</p><p>The unworn M3 GHUNLPam 8233 (Fig. 2 G-I) shows the four fossettes well delimited and a fifth one opposite to the paracone (mesiolabial fossette in Souza Lobo et al. 2017). The anterior half of the crown is higher than the posterior one (Fig. 2H) as usually happens in unworn teeth. The protoloph is wider than the metaloph, and protocone and hypocone are poorly developed. There is a smooth labial cingulum. In contrast to GHUNLPam 5138, the parastyle and mesostyle are very projected labially, with a very deep concavity in between, but both specimens share the incipient metacone fold. The metastyle is much less developed than the other styles and somewhat more reduced than in GHUNLPam 5138.</p><p>The mandibular fragment MMP-M 2000 (Fig.2 J-L) presents an abnormal labial concavity at the p4 level (Fig. 2J), probably due to distortion produced by lithostatic load. The p3 is labiolingually flattened, with the paralophid lingually oriented; the labial face is triangular (Fig. 2K), its profile slightly convex anteriorly and straighter posteriorly; the labial cingulum is limited to the base of the crown, better developed posteriorly; the lingual cingulum is developed at the base of the valleys (Fig. 2L). The p4 is molariform with a wide and deep ectoflexid; the talonid is labially more acute than the trigonid; the paralophid is longer than the hypolophulid; labial and lingual cingula cannot be observed because of the presence of sedimentary matrix. In the m1, the trigonid is more labially rounded than the talonid; paralophid and hypolophulid have similar length; the entoconid is notorious; the labial cingulum is only observed on the anterior region; and the lingual cingular area is covered by sediment.</p><p>In GHUNLPam 6110 (Fig. 2 M-O), the talonid of m2 is labially rounded. The m3 presents a labially rounded trigonid and an acute talonid (Fig. 2N); the hypolophulid is shorter than the paralophid; the entoconid forms a well-developed central pillar that does not reach the lingual level of the metaconid, which is high and massive; the ectoflexid is wide and deep; the lingual cingulum is conspicuous, weaker at the base of the metaconid; and there are cementum remains on the labial wall and in the talonid valley (Fig. 2O).</p><p>The fragmentary lower molar GHUNLPam 5139 (Fig.2 P-R) shows the trigonid with rounded labial surface and a deep metaflexid; the preserved part of the metaconid is massive and higher than the acuminated paraconid; there are cementum remains, and the preserved root is massive.</p><p>GHUNLPam 6207 is a poorly preserved lower tooth, without enamel preserved, with deep ectoflexid and remains of cementum on the labial cingulum.</p><p>COMMENTS</p><p>The M2 of GHUNLPam 5138 is similar to the syntype MACN Pv 4414 (calcotype, original lost) of Scalabrinitherium bravardi from the Lower Member of Ituzaingó Formation (Ameghino 1883a, 1889; Schmidt 2013: fig. 3, pl. 9; Brunetto et al. 2013), with slight differences in fossette morphology due to a more advanced wear; they share protoloph wider than metaloph, marked interstylar concavities, distance between parastyle and mesostyle greater than that between mesostyle and metastyle, presence of cementum, and comparable size (Appendix 1). These features are also present in other specimens from the Lower Member of Ituzaingó Formation (Schmidt 2013); particularly, the M1 GHUNLPam 8146 is similar to MACN A 1443 and MACN Pv 4430; the M3 of GHUNLPam 5138 resembles the isolated specimens MACN Pv 3754, MACN Pv 4425, and MACN Pv 6606; the M3 GHUNLPam 8233 is closer to the unworn teeth MLP 52-X-1-71b and MACN Pv 4385, although the latter is smaller (Appendix 1; this molar was interpreted as belonging to a female by Schmidt 2013). In turn, the P2 GHUNLPam 6765 is similar in morphology and size to MACN Pv 2487, MLP 52-X-1-71a, and MAS PALEO-VERT415 also assigned to S. bravardi (Schmidt 2013) .</p><p>Concerning lower teeth, the m3 of GHUNLPam 6110 and the molar fragments GHUNLPam 5139 and GHUNLPam 6207 are comparable to the syntype of S. bravardi MLP 69-XII-2-1 (mandibular fragment with m2-3) and the specimen MACN Pv 3744, although GHUNLPam 5139 has a deeper metaflexid and GHUNLPam 6110 presents a well-developed entoconid, a cusp that disappears to the base of the entoflexid in MLP 69-XII-2-1 (Schmidt 2013: fig. 21, pl. 10). The p3-m1 of MMP-M 2000 are particularly similar to the homologous teeth in MLP 69-XII-2-12 of S. bravardi (Schmidt 2013: fig. 19, pl. 10), the latter showing the paralophid of p4 more anteriorly extended. The m1 is also similar to MACN Pv 1060, MACN Pv 2589, MACN Pv 4086, and MACN Pv 13168 (Schmidt 2013).</p><p>In summary, protoloph wider than metaloph, interstylar concavities well-marked, parastyle and mesostyle more separated than mesostyle and metastyle in upper teeth, together with p4-m2 with trigonid more rounded labially than talonid, m1-2 with metaconid massive, entoconid well developed, and paralophid longer than hypolophulid in lower teeth, support the ascription of the described specimens to S. bravardi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF9A1E4FFCAFFC75289904BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF971E4FFC4DFBB52D2A067B.text	FD6587F0FF971E4FFC4DFBB52D2A067B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranauchenia Ameghino 1904	<div><p>Genus Paranauchenia Ameghino, 1904</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Paranauchenia denticulata (Ameghino, 1891) .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Paraná river cliffs (Entre Ríos Province); Lower Member of the Ituzaingó Formation; Late Miocene.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF971E4FFC4DFBB52D2A067B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF971E4EFCA5FAB32849067F.text	FD6587F0FF971E4EFCA5FAB32849067F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranauchenia denticulata (Ameghino 1891)	<div><p>Paranauchenia denticulata (Ameghino, 1891)</p><p>(Fig. 3A)</p><p>Paranauchenia denticulata (Ameghino, 1891): 136.</p><p>REFERRED MATERIAL. — GHUNLPam 18805, incomplete right maxilla with P3-4, fragment of M1, M2, and associated left M3, from Laguna Chillhué (early Huayquerian).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>GHUNLPam 18805 shows brachyodont, highly worn teeth (Fig. 3A), corresponding to an old individual. The P3 is subsquare; its labial surface is flat, with a notorious parastyle; it presents two small anterolingual fossettes, not fully formed, as they appear separated by a long fold and lingually open at the occlusal level. The posterior face is convex and continues lingually without a marked angle. The P4 is subsquare, a little longer labially than lingually; the parastyle is well developed and the mesostyle is thin and acute (Fig. 3A); two circular lingual fossettes are still present, the anterior is larger and more lingually placed than the posterior. P3-4 present well-developed labial cingula, and smooth lingual ones. The incomplete M1 preserves a rounded posterior fossette and the mesostyle is wider than in P4. The M2 is trapezoidal, with the protoloph wider and more extended lingually than the metaloph, and thus the posterolingual fossette is more labially placed than the anterolingual one; the elliptical central fossette is close to the anterolabial corner of the posterior fossette and opposite to a badly preserved mediolingual fossette; labial and lingual cingula are poorly developed; protocone, hypocone and lingual fossettes are anteroposteriorly compressed. The M3 is also trapezoidal, narrower posteriorly; the anterolingual and mediolingual fossettes are wider and labiolingually shorter than in M2. The M2-3 present acute and well-developed mesostyle, but shallow interstylar concavities (Fig. 3A).</p><p>COMMENTS</p><p>GHUNLPam 18805 shares with Paranauchenia denticulata the following features: brachyodont teeth, subsquare P4, with two lingual fossettes, M2 with compressed lingual cusps and fossettes, and trapezoidal M3. Particularly, GHUNLPam 18805 is morphologically similar to specimens MACN Pv 3747, MACN Pv 4444 (Schmidt 2013: figs 1, 3, pl. 12), MACN Pv 4396, and MLP 41-XII-13-308 assigned to P. denticulata by Schmidt (2013) and Schmidt &amp; Ferrero (2014). The only difference is the less marked interstylar concavities and its larger size (Appendix 1); however, we consider that these differences fall in the expected intraspecific variability. On the other hand, this specimen differs from Paranauchenia hystata (Cabrera &amp; Kraglievich 1931), from Chasicoan levels outcropping at Arroyo Chasicó locality (Buenos Aires Province), in the absence of a metastyle labially oriented and the lack of a small fossette opposite to the paracone in the M3 (Schmidt &amp; Ferrero 2014). The recognition of GHUNLPam 18805 as P. denticulata implies the first description of P3 for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF971E4EFCA5FAB32849067F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF961E4EFF3FFAB428820578.text	FD6587F0FF961E4EFF3FFAB428820578.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxyodontherium Ameghino 1883	<div><p>Genus Oxyodontherium Ameghino, 1883</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Oxyodontherium zeballosi Ameghino, 1883 .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Paraná river cliffs (Entre Ríos Province); Lower Member of the Ituzaingó Formation; Late Miocene.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF961E4EFF3FFAB428820578	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF961E4DFF1FF9B3281A071E.text	FD6587F0FF961E4DFF1FF9B3281A071E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxyodontherium zeballosi Ameghino 1883	<div><p>cf. Oxyodontherium zeballosi Ameghino, 1883</p><p>(Fig. 3 B-D)</p><p>Oxyodontherium zeballosi Ameghino, 1883b: 284 .</p><p>REFERRED MATERIAL. — MHG-P 126-20, left maxillary fragment with P3-M3 and isolated, but associated left C-P1 and right P2, from Laguna del Monte (Huayquerian s.l.), Buenos Aires Province.</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>The canine is incisiform, with a single root; in occlusal view (Fig. 3B), the tooth is more worn posteriorly than anteriorly; it is smoothly labially convex, with the paracone displaced forward; a short basal lingual cingulum divides the tooth into two shallow fossettes. The P1 is similar to the C, but with more developed lingual fossettes (Fig. 3B), two roots, and greater size. The P2 is slightly labially convex, with the paracone anteriorly displaced; parastyle and metastyle are barely developed; the labial cingulum is observable on the posterior region and the lingual cingulum delimits an anterior basal fossette; in occlusal view, there is a central shallow fossette anteroposteriorly elongated (Fig. 3B); the posterolingual region is rounded. The P3 is roughly similar to P2, with the paracone in a central position; the parastyle directs labially whereas the metastyle is well projected posteriorly, greatly overlapping the parastyle of P4 (Fig. 3B, D). The P4 is molariform, roughly square; the three labial styles are well developed; occlusally, there are three rounded-oval fossettes, more elliptical the anterior one that is more lingually placed and anterolingually oriented; the central fossette is the most labially placed; the posterolingual fossette is placed behind the protocone; there is a shallow lingual groove at the protocone level. M1-2 have a wide lingual median groove; M2 is more trapezoidal and larger than M1 (Fig. 3 B-D; Appendix 1); both molars present four fossettes, larger in M2 due to its lesser wear degree; protocone and hypocone are labiolingually long and anteroposteriorly compressed; paracone and metacone are opposite to the anterolingual and posterolingual fossettes, respectively; the labial concavities between the styles are more pronounced in M2 than in M1; the metastyle of M2 is overlapped by the parastyle of M3 (opposite condition to that between P3-4). The M3 is trapezoidal, shorter than M2, with metastyle little developed and a reduced posterolingual area; it shows three fossettes, the anterolingual is the largest and the most lingually placed; protocone and hypocone are very compressed. Cement deposits are observed in all these protohypsodont teeth (Fig. 3C).</p><p>COMMENTS</p><p>The series P3-M3 of MHG-P 126-20 was figured and preliminarily identified as aff. Huayqueriana cristata (Rovereto, 1914) by Bonini et al. (2017), who did not include the associated C-P2. In contrast to this identification, the present analysis allows establishing that MHG-P 126-20 differs from H. cristata (MLP 41-IV-29-4, IANIGLA-PV 29; Soria 1986; Forasiepi et al. 2016) by longer and narrower protocone and hypocone of M2-3, hardly developed mediolingual fossette of M2, larger and posteriorly extended posterolingual fossette of M2, and overlapped P3-4 and M2-3. Instead, MHG-P 126-20 shares several features with other Late Miocene taxa, particularly with the remains of Oxyodontherium zeballosi from the Lower Member of the Ituzaingó Formation (Ameghino 1883b; Schmidt 2013) and the Río Quinto Formation (San Luis Province; Cerdeño et al. 2008 and references therein). Tooth measurements of MHG-P 126-20 (Appendix 1) roughly coincide with the larger specimens of the former sample (e.g. MACN Pv 13671, MACN Pv 3287; Schmidt 2013: figs 1; 4, pl. 11), in which size differences were attributed to sexual dimorphism (Schmidt 2013). Similarities with O. zeballosi are also evident in the morphology of P1-2, the lingual contour of M1 and the long and compressed protocone and hypocone of M2 (e.g. MACN Pv 4441; Schmidt 2013: fig. 6, pl. 11), and the degree of hypsodonty (protohypsodont). Some of these features are also observed in specimens of Paranauchenia (morphology of M1-2) or Promacrauchenia calchaquiorum Rovereto, 1914 (morphology of P1-2) from Catamarca Province, but these two taxa differ from MHG-P 126-20 by their degree of hypsodonty (brachyodont and hypsodont, respectively) (Schmidt 2013; Schmidt &amp; Ferrero 2014).</p><p>The most distinctive feature of MHG-P 126-20 is the described overlapping between P3-4 and M2-3. A little imbrication between M2-3 is observed in O. zeballosi (MACN Pv 13671 and MACN Pv 17745; Schmidt 2013: fig. 5, pl. 11) and S. bravardi (MLP 12-1480, MACN Pv 17744, MACN Pv 8903; Schmidt 2013: fig. 2, pl. 9), whereas a marked, but opposite imbrication of premolars (P4 overlaps P3) is observed in the specimen MLP 28-X-11-31 of Cullinia levis Cabrera &amp; Kraglievich, 1931 (Bond &amp; López 1995) from levels assigned to the Chasicoan at Arroyo Chasicó locality.</p><p>In conclusion, MHG-P 126-20 presents more similarities with O. zeballosi than with the other mentioned species, but commented differences prevent an accurate identification, even though they could be interpreted as a possible intraspecific variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF961E4DFF1FF9B3281A071E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF951E4DFF32FB552B00061B.text	FD6587F0FF951E4DFF32FB552B00061B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promacrauchenia Ameghino 1904	<div><p>Genus Promacrauchenia Ameghino, 1904</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Promacrauchenia antiquua (Ameghino, 1887) .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Farola Monte Hermoso locality (Buenos Aires Province); Monte Hermoso Formation; Early Pliocene (Montehermosan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF951E4DFF32FB552B00061B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF941E4CFF05FB34288A06FB.text	FD6587F0FF941E4CFF05FB34288A06FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cullinia Cabrera & Kraglievich 1931	<div><p>Genus Cullinia Cabrera &amp; Kraglievich, 1931</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Cullinia levis Cabrera &amp; Kraglievich, 1931 .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Arroyo Chasicó locality (Buenos Aires Province); Arroyo Chasicó Formation; Late Miocene (Chasicoan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF941E4CFF05FB34288A06FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF941E4BFC36F9332D2C04BA.text	FD6587F0FF941E4BFC36F9332D2C04BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraucheniinae Gervais 1855	<div><p>MACRAUCHENIINAE indet.</p><p>COMMENTS</p><p>There are numerous specimens (detailed in Appendix 2) whose incomplete condition does not allow reaching a precise determination, but they contribute to complete the distribution of macraucheniines in the studied localities. This is the case of Laguna Chillhué, Loventué, Telén, and Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (early Huayquerian) in La Pampa, and Laguna La Paraguaya and Laguna Epecuén (both Huayquerian s.l.) in Buenos Aires. Among these specimens, we can mention some incisors such as GHUNLPam 14191 (Telén) and GHUNLPam 18876 (Laguna Chillhué), with crenulated borders and roughly undulated lingual surfaces, which are considered deciduous teeth; they present similarities with some taxa (e.g. Oxyodontherium), but not enough to get a confident determination. The same happens with the astragalus MMP-M 435 from Laguna Epecuén, which presents a macraucheniine morphology, but cannot be confidently ascribed to any species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF941E4BFC36F9332D2C04BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF921E49FED5FDF62DA7041C.text	FD6587F0FF921E49FED5FDF62DA7041C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplasiotherium pampa Soria 2001	<div><p>Diplasiotherium pampa Soria, 2001</p><p>(Fig. 5 A-L)</p><p>Diplasiotherium pampa Soria, 2001: 97 .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (La Pampa Province); Cerro Azul Formation; Late Miocene (early Huayquerian).</p><p>REFERRED MATERIAL. — MMH-MCH 87-9-23, isolated right M3, and MMH-MCH 87-9-56, associated mandibular fragments with right p2-m3 and left p4-m3 (broken at p4-m1 level), from Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (early Huayquerian); GHUNLPam 21589, associated left maxillary fragment with P4-M2 and left mandibular fragment with incomplete p4-m1 from Caleufú (late Huayquerian; Schmidt et al. 2018); and MHG-P 126-22, isolated left m3, from Arroyo El Venado ( Huayquerian s.l.; Bonini et al. 2017). These specimens add to those previously described bySchmidt et al. (2018).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>MMH-MCH 87-9-56 (Fig. 5 A-F) shows the p2 labiolingually compressed. Anteriorly, it presents a bifurcation formed by a short parastylid and a long paraconid (Fig. 5A). The metaconid is posteriorly directed, what makes the anterior lingual valley longer than the posterior one. Labially, the ectoflexid is barely insinuated. The p3-4 are similar to each other, both having the trigonid labially rounded and the talonid acuminated; the p3 has a tiny anterior bifurcation and the trigonid longer and narrower than the talonid (Fig. 5A); the p4 has the entoflexid shorter than the metaflexid, and the ectoflexid is deep; entoconid and hypoconulid are joined, but the former is larger and more lingually placed. The m1 is shorter than the m2 (Appendix 1), with narrower ectoflexid. The m2 has the trigonid smaller than the talonid, the paralophid is shorter than the hypolophulid, and entoconid and hypoconulid have a similar development (Fig. 5A, D). Both m3 are hardly worn, the trigonid is wider and higher than the talonid (Fig. 5B, E); the entoconid is a short and low crest posterolabially oriented, which appears triangular in lingual view (Fig. 5F); it is separated from the hypoconulid by a valley. All teeth have thick enamel and developed lingual cingula, the labial ones cannot be observed (Fig. 5B, E).</p><p>The worn m3 MHG-P 126-22 (Fig. 5G) has the trigonid wider and shorter than the talonid. The paralophid is shorter than the hypolophulid. Bunoid entoconid and hypoconulid have similar development and are joined by a surface of wear, but separated by a valley at its base. The entoflexid is deeper than the metaflexid. The enamel is thick and the lingual cingula are better developed than the labial ones.</p><p>MMH-MCH 87-9-23 is a worn M3 (Fig. 5H). The anterior region is wider than the posterior, the latter barely concave. Labially, the styles are well developed, the parastyle being more projected; the mesostyle is anteriorly placed, not centered in the ectoloph. The metacone fold is well developed. In the occlusal face, there is a large, irregular central fossette and a smaller posterior one, labiolingually extended, and the metaconule is placed in between. The anterolingual cingulum reaches the base of the protocone; it is well developed and forms a deep fossette. The lingual wall is vertical, with a smooth concavity separating protocone and hypocone on the posterolingual surface. The posterior wall is gently concave. The enamel is thick.</p><p>COMMENTS</p><p>Among the remains from La Pampa Province, GHUNLPam 21589 (Fig. 5 I-L) was previously described and recognized as Proterotheriidae indet. (Schmidt et al. 2018), but is now taxonomically reassessed as Diplasiotherium pampa, adding to the other specimens from Laguna Chillhué, Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo, Bajo Giuliani, and Caleufú described bySchmidt et al. (2018). The same happens with the m3 MHG-P 126-22 from Arroyo El Venado, Buenos Aires Province, previously illustrated and identified as Proterotheriidae indet. by Bonini et al. (2017); this specimen constitutes the first record of D. pampa outside La Pampa Province.</p><p>The mandibular fragment MMH-MCH 87-9-56 presents important morphological and metrical similarities with the holotype of D. pampa (MLP 57-X-10-13), MHG-P 126-22, and other specimens referred to this species (GHUNLPam 18601 and GHUNLPam 5621; Schmidt et al. 2018). All of them share thick enamel, developed cingula, and similar crown height. However, they differ in the morphology of the entoconid of m3: forming a short crest in MMH-MCH 87-9-56 and bunoid in MHG-P 126-22, GHUNLPam 18601, and GHUNLPam 5621. A similar variation of the entoconid in m3 is registered in Neobrachytherium intermedium (Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891) (Schmidt 2015; Schmidt et al. 2018). The m3 MHG-P 126-22 is more worn than MMH-MCH 87-9- 56, GHUNLPam 18601, and GHUNLPam 5621, but maintains the same general tooth morphology. The p2 is described for the first time for D. pampa, and differs from that of D. robustum Rovereto, 1914 (holotype MACN Pv 7985 from Farola Monte Hermoso, Early Pliocene, Montehermosan) in being slender, with shorter paralophid and wider and deeper metaflexid.</p><p>Although the M3 MMH-MCH 87-9-23 cannot be accurately compared with D. pampa, as this is based on lower teeth, the thick enamel, labial folds, posterior wall hardly concave, hypocone well developed, and shallow posterolingual groove allow discarding other taxa such as Brachytherium cuspidatum Ameghino, 1883b and Pseudobrachytherium breve Corona, Badín, Perea, Ubilla &amp; Schmidt, 2020 (lacking hypocone), Neobrachytherium spp. (with anterolingual cingulum less developed), Thoatheriopsis mendocensis Soria, 2001 (having a deep groove between paracone and hypocone), and Epitherium laternarium Ameghino, 1888 (with a lophoid metaconule), all of them with thinner enamel than MMH-MCH 87-9-23. The latter shares, in turn, some features with the M2 of the specimen GHUNLPam 21589 (upper and lower teeth) from Caleufú, previously determined as Proterotheriidae indet. (Schmidt et al. 2018). Besides, the partial p4 of GHUNLPam 21589 (Fig. 5L) is similar to the p4 of the holotype of D. pampa (MLP 57-X-10-13). Subsequently, we propose that both MMH-MCH 87-9-23 and GHUNLPam 21589 represent the upper dentition of D. pampa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF921E49FED5FDF62DA7041C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF921E4AFF24FEF82B4602BC.text	FD6587F0FF921E4AFF24FEF82B4602BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplasiotherium Rovereto 1914	<div><p>Genus Diplasiotherium Rovereto, 1914</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Diplasiotherium robustum Rovereto, 1914 .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON, AND AGE. — Farola Monte Hermoso locality (Buenos Aires Province); Monte Hermoso Formation; Early Pliocene (Montehermosan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF921E4AFF24FEF82B4602BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF911E48FC72F85A2A03025B.text	FD6587F0FF911E48FC72F85A2A03025B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobrachytherium Soria 2001	<div><p>Genus Neobrachytherium Soria, 2001</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Licaphrium intermedium Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891 .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY, STRATIGRAPHIC HORIZON AND AGE. — Andalhuala (Catamarca Province); Corral Quemado Formation; Late Pliocene.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF911E48FC72F85A2A03025B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
FD6587F0FF8F1E55FE9CF8CB2A0305DC.text	FD6587F0FF8F1E55FE9CF8CB2A0305DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proterotheriinae Ameghino 1887	<div><p>Proterotheriinae indet.</p><p>REFERRED MATERIAL. — MHG-P 126-38, right M3; MMP-M 541, mandibular fragment with incomplete right p2, p3, and m1, and roots of left anterior teeth, from Arroyo El Venado (Huayquerian s.l.), and MMP-M 1669, associated right mandibular fragment with dp1-4 (and the left m1 wrongly restored as right) and incomplete left dp2-4, from Laguna Epecuén (Huayquerian s.l.).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>The M3 MHG-P 126-38 lacks the hypocone and has a strong parastyle and mesostyle (Fig. 7A), with a deep concavity in between. The protocone is more developed than the paraconule, and the metaconule is lophoid. The metaconule separates a central fossette from a posterior one. The latter is posteriorly limited by a thick and curved enamel edge from the protocone to the metastyle. The anterolingual cingulum is low and barely developed.</p><p>The incomplete p2 and the p3 of MMP-M 541 (Fig. 7B) have paraconid, parastylid (longer in p2), and well-developed labial and lingual cingula. The p2 is narrower and lower than the p3 and the ectoflexid is insinuated; the trigonid of p3 is longer and narrower than the talonid, and the ectoflexid is deep. The m1 only preserves a hardly worn paraconid. All have thin enamel.</p><p>In the juvenile MMP-M 1669, dp1 and dp2 mainly differ by the smaller size of the former and the slightly more evident ectoflexid of the latter (Fig. 7C). In both teeth, the paralophid bifurcates anteriorly in paraconid and parastylid, and a mediolingual concavity subdivides the tooth; in the posterior area, a short lophid (buttress) is posterolingually projected. The dp3-4 are molariform, with a deep and wide ectoflexid; both preserve the anterior bifurcation, but the parastylid is shorter in dp4; the entoconid is an incipient cusp in the dp3, while it is better developed in dp4. The enamel is thin. The left dp2-dp4 are more worn than the right series (Fig. 7D). In the m1 (wrongly placed as right, Fig. 7C), the paraconid is posteriorly oriented, the paralophid is shorter than the hypolophulid, the metaconid has a wide base, and the entoconid is joined basally to the hypoconulid.</p><p>COMMENTS</p><p>MHG-P 126-38 differs from other Proterotheriinae in the great development of the parastyle, only similar to that of the unpublished remain MMH-FMH 86-4-1 from the Monte Hermoso Formation (Farola Monte Hermoso, Early Pliocene, Montehermosan), inventoried as Eoauchenia primitiva Ameghino, 1887 (Schmidt, pers. obs.; see comments on this species in Biostratigraphic and Paleobigeographic Remarks section); however, this specimen differs from MHG-P 126-38 by the absence of anterolingual cingulum, paraconule more developed, and lesser size (length = 11.7 mm vs 17 mm in MHG-P 126-38; width = 15.07 mm vs. 18.4 mm). Epitherium laternarium (MACN Pv 8001), also from the Monte Hermoso Formation, and N. intermedium (FMNH P 14500), from the Andalhuala Formation (Catamarca Province), have lophoid metaconule and anterolingual cingulum as MHG-P 126- 38, but differ by the presence of hypocone.</p><p>EpochSouth American Stages/AgesLocalities Scalabrinitherium bravardi Paranauchenia denticulata Paranauchenia hystata cf. Oxyodontherium zeballosi Promacrauchenia sp. Promacrauchenia antiquua Cullinia sp. Cullinia levisMacraucheniinae indet. Diplasiotherium pampa Diplasiotherium robustum Eoauchenia primitiva cf. Brachytherium cuspidatum Neobrachytherium sp. Neobrachytherium ullumenseEpecuenia thoatherioides Proterotheriinae indet. PlioceneMontehermosanFarola M. Hermoso (BA)–––––x–––––xx–––––Caleufú (LP)––––––––––x––––––xLate Miocenelate HuayquerianCantera Rell. Sanitario (BA)––––x–––––––––––––Guatraché (LP)x–––––––––––––––––El Guanaco (LP)––––––––––––x–––––Bajo Giuliani (LP)––––––––––x–––x––xearly HuayquerianSalinas G. de Hildalgo (LP)x–––x–x––xx––xx–––Telén (LP)x––––––––x––––x––xLoventué (LP)–––––––––x––––––––Laguna Chillhué (LP)–x–––––––xx–––––––ChasicoanArroyo Chasicó (BA)––x–––– x–––––––x––Cerro La Bota (LP)–––––––––––––––––xHuayquerian s.l.Laguna Epecuén (BA)x–––––––xx––––x–xxLaguna del Monte (BA)–––x––––––––––––––Laguna La Paraguya (BA)–––––––––x––––x–––Arroyo El Venado (BA)––––––––––x––––––x</p>Huayqueriana cristata<p>The p3 of MMP-M 541 differs from B. cuspidatum (e.g. MLP 12-103a, MACN Pv 13187, MAS PALEO-VERT 402; Schmidt 2015) and N. morenoi (MACN Pv 8431), because it is less robust and the cingula are better developed, similar to Ep. thoatherioides (MLP 37-III-7-4, holotype of Eo. cingulata). However, the latter has the talonid slightly more acute than in MMP-M 541 and B. cuspidatum .</p><p>MMP-M 1669 is similar to the holotype of B. cuspidatum (MLP 69-XII-2-4), but the teeth are slenderer (Appendix 1) and with higher crown, the mandibular fragment is lower, and the ectoflexid of the m1 is wider.</p><p>According to the previous lines, the differences indicated prevent an accurate taxonomic assignation of the described specimens beyond the subfamily level. They add to those from La Pampa Province determined as Proterotheriidae indet. by Schmidt et al. (2018; as original figures lack scale bars, occlusal views are herein reproduced as scaled new photographs in Figure 7 E-J).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6587F0FF8F1E55FE9CF8CB2A0305DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schmidt, Gabriela I.;Montalvo, Claudia I.;Cerdeño, Esperanza;Sostillo, Renata;Tomassini, Rodrigo L.;Bonini, Ricardo A.	Schmidt, Gabriela I., Montalvo, Claudia I., Cerdeño, Esperanza, Sostillo, Renata, Tomassini, Rodrigo L., Bonini, Ricardo A. (2022): Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage / Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (32): 721-743, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a32
