taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287306	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure2	Figure 2. Etmopterus abernethyi. A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL, off south Kaikoura, New Zealand B paratype, MCZ 39714, female 267 mm TL, off south Kaikoura, New Zealand (photo provided by MCZ, used with permission) C fresh specimen, CSIRO H 8866-01, female 391 mm TL, east of Eaglehawk Neck, Tasman Sea (photo provided by CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, used with permission). Scale bars = 20 mm.	Figure 2. Etmopterus abernethyi. A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL, off south Kaikoura, New Zealand B paratype, MCZ 39714, female 267 mm TL, off south Kaikoura, New Zealand (photo provided by MCZ, used with permission) C fresh specimen, CSIRO H 8866-01, female 391 mm TL, east of Eaglehawk Neck, Tasman Sea (photo provided by CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, used with permission). Scale bars = 20 mm.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287307	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure3	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287308	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure4	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287309	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure5	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287310	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure6	Figure 6. Ventral pectoral markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype (designated herein), CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	Figure 6. Ventral pectoral markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype (designated herein), CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287311	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure7	Figure 7. Infracaudal markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype, CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	Figure 7. Infracaudal markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype, CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287312	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure8	Figure 8. Unusual variant of Etmopterus abernethyi, NMNZ P. 031152 (1 of 3 specimens), pregnant female 439 mm TL, northeastern Chatham Rise, New Zealand. A lateral view B detail of the flank marking. Note tip of posterior branch. Scale bars = 20 mm.	Figure 8. Unusual variant of Etmopterus abernethyi, NMNZ P. 031152 (1 of 3 specimens), pregnant female 439 mm TL, northeastern Chatham Rise, New Zealand. A lateral view B detail of the flank marking. Note tip of posterior branch. Scale bars = 20 mm.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
EF1BDFBDAB0F513796010DC24B1E03D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287313	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure9	Figure 9. Boxplot showing difference in the relative length of anterior flank marking to posterior flank marking comparing Etmopterus spp. Different letters indicate statistical differences (p <0.05) between species. Abbreviations: AFM, anterior flank marking; PFM, posterior flank marking.	Figure 9. Boxplot showing difference in the relative length of anterior flank marking to posterior flank marking comparing Etmopterus spp. Different letters indicate statistical differences (p <0.05) between species. Abbreviations: AFM, anterior flank marking; PFM, posterior flank marking.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287307	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure3	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287308	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure4	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287309	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure5	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287310	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure6	Figure 6. Ventral pectoral markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype (designated herein), CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	Figure 6. Ventral pectoral markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype (designated herein), CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287311	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure7	Figure 7. Infracaudal markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype, CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	Figure 7. Infracaudal markings (A, B) and their schematic illustrations (C, D) of Etmopterus abernethyi (A, C) and E. lucifer (B, D). A holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B lectotype, CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287313	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure9	Figure 9. Boxplot showing difference in the relative length of anterior flank marking to posterior flank marking comparing Etmopterus spp. Different letters indicate statistical differences (p <0.05) between species. Abbreviations: AFM, anterior flank marking; PFM, posterior flank marking.	Figure 9. Boxplot showing difference in the relative length of anterior flank marking to posterior flank marking comparing Etmopterus spp. Different letters indicate statistical differences (p <0.05) between species. Abbreviations: AFM, anterior flank marking; PFM, posterior flank marking.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287314	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure10	Figure 10. Etmopterus lucifer. A Lectotype (designated herein), CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL, off Misaki, Japan B fresh specimen, EBFS-NG 00047, mature male 317 mm TL, off Daxi, northeastern Taiwan C HUMZ 232154, neonate female 131 mm TL, off Miyagi, Japan. Scale bars = 20 mm.	Figure 10. Etmopterus lucifer. A Lectotype (designated herein), CAS - SU 6863, mature male 264 mm TL, off Misaki, Japan B fresh specimen, EBFS-NG 00047, mature male 317 mm TL, off Daxi, northeastern Taiwan C HUMZ 232154, neonate female 131 mm TL, off Miyagi, Japan. Scale bars = 20 mm.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
2C9CB11565C35B3C9116900029FAB4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287315	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure11	Figure 11. Etmopterus burgessi, holotype, CAS 223476, mature male 355 mm TL, Daxi, Taiwan. A lateral view B detail of the flank marking. Scale bars = 20 mm.	Figure 11. Etmopterus burgessi, holotype, CAS 223476, mature male 355 mm TL, Daxi, Taiwan. A lateral view B detail of the flank marking. Scale bars = 20 mm.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
FB8728B103065E1A8361EC42E7EE3B06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287308	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure4	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
FB8728B103065E1A8361EC42E7EE3B06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287309	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure5	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
FB8728B103065E1A8361EC42E7EE3B06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287316	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure12	Figure 12. Etmopterus molleri. A holotype, AMS IA. 5816, female 350 mm + TL, off New South Wales, Australia B Paratype, AMS IA. 5817, mature female 333 mm TL, off New South Wales, Australia C fresh specimen, CSIRO H 7059-02, female 389 mm TL, east of Sydney, southeastern Australia (photo provided by CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, used with permission). Scale bars = 20 mm. All images are horizontally flipped.	Figure 12. Etmopterus molleri. A holotype, AMS IA. 5816, female 350 mm + TL, off New South Wales, Australia B Paratype, AMS IA. 5817, mature female 333 mm TL, off New South Wales, Australia C fresh specimen, CSIRO H 7059-02, female 389 mm TL, east of Sydney, southeastern Australia (photo provided by CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, used with permission). Scale bars = 20 mm. All images are horizontally flipped.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
FB8728B103065E1A8361EC42E7EE3B06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287317	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure13	Figure 13. Lateral (A, B) and ventral view (C, D) of the caudal-base marking of Etmopterus molleri (A, C) and E. schmidti (B, D). A, C holotype, AMS IA. 5816, female 350 mm + TL B, D EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Blue arrows in (B) and (D) indicates the small black portion covering the lower caudal-fin origin. Grey dotted lines depict the lower caudal-fin origin.	Figure 13. Lateral (A, B) and ventral view (C, D) of the caudal-base marking of Etmopterus molleri (A, C) and E. schmidti (B, D). A, C holotype, AMS IA. 5816, female 350 mm + TL B, D EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Blue arrows in (B) and (D) indicates the small black portion covering the lower caudal-fin origin. Grey dotted lines depict the lower caudal-fin origin.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
FB8728B103065E1A8361EC42E7EE3B06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287318	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure14	Figure 14. Details of the coloration of the caudal fin. A Etmopterus molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL B E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Black arrow in (B) indicates the translucent portion of the caudal fin.	Figure 14. Details of the coloration of the caudal fin. A Etmopterus molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL B E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Black arrow in (B) indicates the translucent portion of the caudal fin.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
FB8728B103065E1A8361EC42E7EE3B06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287307	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure3	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
C7673DCF295F5065A865CA3F85B21FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287308	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure4	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 4. Dermal denticles below second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B Etmopterus lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
C7673DCF295F5065A865CA3F85B21FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287309	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure5	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	Figure 5. Details of the dermal coverage on the second dorsal fin of Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi, holotype, NMMZ P. 01951, immature male 330 mm TL B E. lucifer, EBFS-NG 00105, mature male 371 mm TL C E. molleri, AMS I. 44904-001, mature female 381 mm TL D E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
C7673DCF295F5065A865CA3F85B21FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287317	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure13	Figure 13. Lateral (A, B) and ventral view (C, D) of the caudal-base marking of Etmopterus molleri (A, C) and E. schmidti (B, D). A, C holotype, AMS IA. 5816, female 350 mm + TL B, D EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Blue arrows in (B) and (D) indicates the small black portion covering the lower caudal-fin origin. Grey dotted lines depict the lower caudal-fin origin.	Figure 13. Lateral (A, B) and ventral view (C, D) of the caudal-base marking of Etmopterus molleri (A, C) and E. schmidti (B, D). A, C holotype, AMS IA. 5816, female 350 mm + TL B, D EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Blue arrows in (B) and (D) indicates the small black portion covering the lower caudal-fin origin. Grey dotted lines depict the lower caudal-fin origin.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
C7673DCF295F5065A865CA3F85B21FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287318	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure14	Figure 14. Details of the coloration of the caudal fin. A Etmopterus molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL B E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Black arrow in (B) indicates the translucent portion of the caudal fin.	Figure 14. Details of the coloration of the caudal fin. A Etmopterus molleri, NMMZ P. 045558, mature male 359 mm TL B E. schmidti, EBFS-NG 00095, mature female 307 mm TL. Black arrow in (B) indicates the translucent portion of the caudal fin.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
C7673DCF295F5065A865CA3F85B21FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287319	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure15	Figure 15. Etmopterus schmidti. A holotype, ZIN 22362, Sagami Sea, Japan (photo provided by ZIN, used with permission) B paralectotype (designated herein) of Etmopterus lucifer, USNM 50728, mature male 273 mm TL, off Sagami Bay, Japan C fresh specimen, EBFS-NG 00134, mature female 333 mm TL, off Daxi, northeastern Taiwan. Scale bar = 20 mm.	Figure 15. Etmopterus schmidti. A holotype, ZIN 22362, Sagami Sea, Japan (photo provided by ZIN, used with permission) B paralectotype (designated herein) of Etmopterus lucifer, USNM 50728, mature male 273 mm TL, off Sagami Bay, Japan C fresh specimen, EBFS-NG 00134, mature female 333 mm TL, off Daxi, northeastern Taiwan. Scale bar = 20 mm.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
C7673DCF295F5065A865CA3F85B21FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1287307	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e126067.figure3	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	Figure 3. Boxplot showing difference in the cusplet pairs of sexes and ontogenetic stages between Etmopterus spp. A Etmopterus abernethyi B E. lucifer C E. molleri D E. schmidti. The ontogenetic stages of female are not shown as they were not determined in most cases.	2025-03-21	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng		Zenodo	biologists	Ng, Shing-Lai;Straube, Nicolas;Liu, Kwang-Ming;Joung, Shoou-Jeng			
