identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CA05338E84395B7E9DE855DA8A919B04.text	CA05338E84395B7E9DE855DA8A919B04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kronopolites Attems 1914	<div><p>Genus Kronopolites Attems, 1914</p><p>Kronopolites Attems, 1914: 219 .</p><p>Kronopolites: Attems 1929: 272; 1931: 113; 1936: 225; 1937: 49; Verhoeff 1939: 274; Takashima 1950: 38; Takakuwa 1954: 30; Hoffman 1962: 579; 1980: 169; Jeekel 1971: 225; 1982: 243; 1988: 98; Chen et al. 2006: 252; Golovatch 2009: 121; 2013 a: 12; Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1286; Likhitrakarn et al. 2015: 32; Golovatch 2015: 135; Golovatch 2016: 1; Golovatch 2019: 348; Golovatch and Liu 2020: 170; Golovatch and Semenyuk 2021: 479; Nguyen et al. 2025: 225.</p><p>Kansupus Verhoeff, 1933: 17; Jeekel 1971: 225; Hoffman 1980: 169; synonymized by Attems (1936: 233).</p><p>Parakansupus Verhoeff, 1939: 273; Jeekel 1971: 230; Hoffman 1980: 169; synonymized by Hoffman (1962: 579).</p><p>Mandarinopus Verhoeff, 1933: 19; Attems 1937: 159; Jeekel 1968: 72, 1988: 98; Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1286; Golovatch 2019: 348, 354. New synonymy.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Kansupus svenhedini Verhoeff, 1933 (originally it was Strongylosoma swinhoei Pocock, 1895, but reassigned as K. svenhedini due to misidentification; see Xiong et al. 2025).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Vietnam, Nepal, Thailand, and Kashmir Himalaya (Xiong et al. 2025).</p><p>Revised diagnosis.</p><p>Body coloration variable, ranging from pitch-black to brown, often with contrasting lighter paraterga. Coxa cylindrical, typically setose. Prefemur short, ovoid, densely setose. Femorite elongate, slender, occasionally possessing a distofemoral process (femoral thorn), though this feature may be intraspecifically variable. Postfemur distinct, typically characterized by a fork consisting of two lateral / ventral processes (processes a and b). Solenophore well-developed, varying in complexity from simple sheathing structures to complex, apically modified shapes. Solenomere flagelliform, length and curvature variable (long and coiled or shorter and less curved), sheathed by the solenophore for most of its length.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Verhoeff (1933) established the monotypic genus Mandarinopus based on Mandarinopus gracilipes, distinguishing it from Kronopolites svenhedini primarily by the curvature of the gonopodal solenomere and the presence of a distofemoral process (see arrows in Fig. 5). However, our examination reveals that solenomere curvature is a variable trait that fails to diagnose the genera; for example, the solenomere in M. semirugosus (Fig. 9) is comparable in length and curvature to that of Kronopolites ramosus (figs 38–42 in Golovatch and Semenyuk 2021). Furthermore, the distofemoral process is intraspecifically unstable (e. g., K. corticinus; see below). Given that our phylogenetic analysis recovers Mandarinopus as polyphyletic and nested within Kronopolites, and that the morphologically diagnostic characters are unreliable, we formally propose Mandarinopus as a junior synonym of Kronopolites . Following this synonymization, the genus Kronopolites now encompasses 18 recognized species in total, with its composition expanded by incorporating all four valid species previously assigned to Mandarinopus into its taxonomic framework (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA05338E84395B7E9DE855DA8A919B04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xiong, Yuan;Chen, Huiming;Huang, Luqi;Jiang, Xuankong;Jiang, Chao	Xiong, Yuan, Chen, Huiming, Huang, Luqi, Jiang, Xuankong, Jiang, Chao (2026): The millipede genus Mandarinopus Verhoeff, 1933, is a junior synonym of Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with a revision of the species based on integrated evidence. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 271-283, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.180695
5C403436D1BA5CD79CE55FA309CBCC40.text	5C403436D1BA5CD79CE55FA309CBCC40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kronopolites corticinus (Attems 1936) Xiong & Chen & Huang & Jiang & Jiang 2026	<div><p>Kronopolites corticinus (Attems, 1936) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3 A, 3 B, 6, 7</p><p>Orthomorpha corticina Attems, 1936: 201, fig. 31; Attems 1937: 91, fig. 116; Jeekel 1968: 72; Wang and Mauriès 1996: 87; Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1288; Golovatch 2019: 354.</p><p>Mandarinopus corticinus: Golovatch 2020: 297 –302, figs 7–15.; Golovatch and Liu 2020: 170.</p><p>Kronopolites rugosus Golovatch, 2013: 12; Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1288; Golovatch 2013 b: 311; Likhitrakarn et al. 2015: 32; Golovatch 2019: 354; Nguyen et al. 2025: 224.</p><p>Mandarinopus rugosus: Golovatch 2020: 298; Golovatch and Liu 2020: 170. New synonymy.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA: Yunnan Province: • 9 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (CMMI 20240528001 –2024080812), Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-La, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.1401&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.1401/lat 27.241)">Hutiaoxia Scenic Area</a> (27.2410°N, 100.1401°E), asl. 2420 m, 28.V.2024, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg. ; • 6 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (CMMI 20240531001 –20240531008), Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.2086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0069" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.2086/lat 27.0069)">Yuzhuqingtian Scenic Area</a> (27.0069°N, 100.2086°E), asl. 2730 m, 31.V.2024, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg. ; • 13 ♂♂ and 6 ♀♀ (CMMI 20250803013 –20250803031), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Jianchuan County, Laojunshan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.6094&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.6094/lat 26.5891)">Dajudeng</a> (26.5891°N, 99.6094°E), asl. 2650 m, 3.VIII.2025, Xuankong Jiang, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg. ; • 3 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ (CMMI 20250805137 –20250805143), Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.6915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.6915/lat 27.15)">Tuozhi Village</a> (27.1500°N, 99.6915°E), asl. 2310 m, 5.VIII.2025, Xuankong Jiang, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: coloration dark brown to brown with contrasting yellowish paraterga; collum and following metaterga rugose; sternal cones between ♂ coxae 4 fully separated; gonopods with basal process of solenophore much larger than a slender, finger-shaped, apical process (Golovatch 2019).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Yunnan (Golovatch 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Orthomorpha corticina Attems, 1936 was originally described from specimens collected at an unspecified locality in Yunnan Province, China. Long treated as incertae sedis within the tribe Sulciferini (Jeekel 1968; Nguyen and Sierwald 2013), the species was redescribed based on newly collected specimens from Dajudeng, Yunnan (Golovatch 2020), and transferred to the genus Mandarinopus (Golovatch 2019) . Similarly, Kronopolites rugosus Golovatch, 2013, described from Yuzhuqingtian, Yunnan, was also transferred to Mandarinopus by Golovatch (2019).</p><p>These two species are morphologically similar. Golovatch (2019) distinguished them based on the presence of a distofemoral process and a mesal process on the apical branch of the solenophore in M. corticinus, traits purportedly absent in M. rugosus . However, Golovatch (2020) subsequently noted their striking resemblance and suggested that verification of their specific status would require additional material.</p><p>In the present study, we collected specimens morphologically similar to these taxa from their respective type localities, as well as from two additional sites. Morphological examination reveals that the diagnostic characters proposed by Golovatch (2019) are unreliable: the distofemoral process is not consistently present, even in specimens from the same population (Fig. 7), and the mesal process on the apical branch of the solenophore occurs in all examined specimens. Furthermore, genetic distance analysis based on COI sequences confirms that specimens from different localities are conspecific. Therefore, we formally propose Kronopolites rugosus as a junior synonym of K. corticinus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C403436D1BA5CD79CE55FA309CBCC40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xiong, Yuan;Chen, Huiming;Huang, Luqi;Jiang, Xuankong;Jiang, Chao	Xiong, Yuan, Chen, Huiming, Huang, Luqi, Jiang, Xuankong, Jiang, Chao (2026): The millipede genus Mandarinopus Verhoeff, 1933, is a junior synonym of Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with a revision of the species based on integrated evidence. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 271-283, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.180695
D7576BCE05C4510CB9C6BA2A88E601D6.text	D7576BCE05C4510CB9C6BA2A88E601D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kronopolites gracilipes (Verhoeff 1933) Xiong & Chen & Huang & Jiang & Jiang 2026	<div><p>Kronopolites gracilipes (Verhoeff, 1933) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3 C, 4, 5</p><p>Mandarinopus gracilipes Verhoeff, 1933: 19–20, figs 10, 11. Type locality: Pei-shui-ho (= Baishuijiang River), China.</p><p>Sundanina gracilipes: Attems 1936: 223; 1937: 164, synonymized by Jeekel (1968: 72).</p><p>Mandarinopus gracilipes: Jeekel 1988: 98; Wang and Mauriès 1996: 87; Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1288; Golovatch 2019: 348 –350, figs 6–9; Golovatch and Liu 2020: 170.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA: Gansu Province: • 3 ♂♂ and 14 ♀♀ (CMMI 20250809001, 20250809018–20250808031), Wenxian County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.8263&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.8852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.8263/lat 32.8852)">Qujia Village</a> (32.8852°N, 104.8263°E), asl. 940 m, 9.VIII.2025, Xuankong Jiang, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: collum and metaterga smooth; gonopod with blunt processes a and b, and a distofemoral process.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Gansu (Golovatch 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Verhoeff (1933) described a new monotypic genus and species, Mandarinopus gracilipes, from the Baishuijiang River, Gansu. This species has a distofemoral process (femoral thorn) (red arrow in Fig. 3) on its gonopodal femorite, referred to either as the distofemoral process (Golovatch 2019) or the sharp thorn (Attems 1937).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D7576BCE05C4510CB9C6BA2A88E601D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xiong, Yuan;Chen, Huiming;Huang, Luqi;Jiang, Xuankong;Jiang, Chao	Xiong, Yuan, Chen, Huiming, Huang, Luqi, Jiang, Xuankong, Jiang, Chao (2026): The millipede genus Mandarinopus Verhoeff, 1933, is a junior synonym of Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with a revision of the species based on integrated evidence. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 271-283, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.180695
C5579E743DF45CA287E624829BAD61A1.text	C5579E743DF45CA287E624829BAD61A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kronopolites hirsutus (Golovatch 2019) Xiong & Chen & Huang & Jiang & Jiang 2026	<div><p>Kronopolites hirsutus (Golovatch, 2019) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3 D, 10, 11</p><p>Mandarinopus hirsutus Golovatch, 2019: 350–354, figs 17–30; Golovatch and Liu 2020: 170.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA: Yunnan Province: 3 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (20250803072–20250803076), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Jianchuan County, Laojunshan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.6094&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.6094/lat 26.5891)">Dajudeng</a> (26.5891°N, 99.6094°E), asl. 2650 m, 3.VIII.2025, Xuankong Jiang, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: densely hirsute and rather uniformly black-brown to brown body, coupled with the absence of a distofemoral process on the gonopodal telopodite (Golovatch 2019).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Yunnan (Golovatch 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is the only one in Kronopolites with a dense coat of setae on the body surface. Molecular evidence derived from newly collected topotypic material clearly demonstrates that this species is nested within the Kronopolites clade. This genetic confirmation effectively resolves the long-standing uncertainties triggered by its distinct external morphology (i. e., the hirsute metaterga), revealing that these somatic traits represent species-specific autapomorphies rather than diagnostic characteristics that justify generic-level differentiation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5579E743DF45CA287E624829BAD61A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xiong, Yuan;Chen, Huiming;Huang, Luqi;Jiang, Xuankong;Jiang, Chao	Xiong, Yuan, Chen, Huiming, Huang, Luqi, Jiang, Xuankong, Jiang, Chao (2026): The millipede genus Mandarinopus Verhoeff, 1933, is a junior synonym of Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with a revision of the species based on integrated evidence. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 271-283, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.180695
BB492AA9E6BF5B24B3CE940D62130B9D.text	BB492AA9E6BF5B24B3CE940D62130B9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kronopolites semirugosus Golovatch 2013	<div><p>Kronopolites semirugosus Golovatch, 2013, comb. restit.</p><p>Figs 8, 9</p><p>Kronopolites semirugosus Golovatch, 2013: 311–315, figs 35–44; Likhitrakarn et al. 2015: 32; Nguyen et al. 2025: 224.</p><p>Mandarinopus semirugosus: Golovatch 2019: 354; Golovatch and Liu 2020: 170.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA: Sichuan Province: 8 ♂♂ and 18 ♀♀ (CMMI 20240603001 –20240603026), Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Mianning County, Huian Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.0908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.6412" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.0908/lat 28.6412)">Baixiluo</a> (28.6412°N, 102.0908°E), asl. 2380 m, 3.VI.2024, Yifei Yu &amp; Yuan Xiong leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: collum and following metaterga rugose; sternal cones between ♂ coxae 4 contiguous medially; gonopods without a distofemoral process, both larger processes of solenophore ribbon-shaped and rounded apically, subequal in shape and size (Golovatch 2019).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Sichuan (Golovatch 2013 b).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Golovatch (2019) transferred this species from Kronopolites to Mandarinopus . Herein, we formally reject this transfer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB492AA9E6BF5B24B3CE940D62130B9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xiong, Yuan;Chen, Huiming;Huang, Luqi;Jiang, Xuankong;Jiang, Chao	Xiong, Yuan, Chen, Huiming, Huang, Luqi, Jiang, Xuankong, Jiang, Chao (2026): The millipede genus Mandarinopus Verhoeff, 1933, is a junior synonym of Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with a revision of the species based on integrated evidence. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 271-283, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.180695
