identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FB043923F87DFFA0FEF3FB4CFA18FB40.text	FB043923F87DFFA0FEF3FB4CFA18FB40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corynorhinus rafinesquii (Lesson 1827)	<div><p>Corynorhinus rafinesquii (Lesson, 1827)</p><p>Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat</p><p>An inhabitant of tree hollows, caves, and manmade structures throughout its distributional range in the southeastern United States, Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat reaches its westernmost distributional boundary in the South Central Plains region of eastern Texas. Although captures of this species have been recorded from May through December (Schmidly and Bradley 2016), only two winter roosts have been documented (Mirowsky et al. 2004). Due to its state-listed threatened status, and the documentation of C. rafinesquii as a bat species upon which P. destructans has been detected (www.whitenosesyndrome.org), we suggest that efforts should be undertaken to document winter distribution records in order to help future monitoring efforts and contribute to understanding the potential for C. rafinesquii to spread the fungus.</p><p>Marion County.— On 26 January 2017, a specimen of unknown sex was observed at a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.25073&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.78912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.25073/lat 32.78912)">Hwy 49 culvert</a> (32.78912°N, 94.25073°W) 8.1 km southwest of Smithland, Texas . Due to the state-listed status of this species, this specimen was not collected. However, a photograph was taken for species verification (Fig. 2). This observation provides support for an existing voucher specimen (Stephen F. Austin State University #2933) that was overlooked in Ammerman et al. (2012) and is the first winter documentation of C. rafinesquii in the county. Marion County is the northernmost documentation of Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat in Texas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB043923F87DFFA0FEF3FB4CFA18FB40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Demere, Krysta D.;Meierhofer, Melissa B.;Morrison, Michael L.;Pierce, Brian L.;Szewczak, Joseph M.;Evans, Jonah W.;Ammerman, Loren K.	Demere, Krysta D., Meierhofer, Melissa B., Morrison, Michael L., Pierce, Brian L., Szewczak, Joseph M., Evans, Jonah W., Ammerman, Loren K. (2017): Noteworthy Records For Six Species Of Bats From 13 Texas Counties And The First Voucher Specimens From Sites With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans. Occasional Papers of the Museum 351: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748599
FB043923F87DFFA6FC75FB4CFCA0FAAB.text	FB043923F87DFFA6FC75FB4CFCA0FAAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper 1837)	<div><p>Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837)</p><p>Townsend’s Big-eared Bat</p><p>Townsend’s Big-eared Bat has a distributional range that extends throughout the entire western United States and has two disjunct subspecies populations in the Ozark and Appalachian Mountains. Corynorhinus townsendii is a year-round resident of Texas and has been documented from six ecoregions (Central Great Plains, Southwestern Tablelands, High Plains, Edwards Plateau, Chihuahuan Desert, and Arizona / New Mexico Mountains). Although Piaggio and Perkins (2005) indicated that C. t. australis was the only subspecies in Texas, this conclusion was based on limited sampling in Texas (one site). More recently, two subspecies (C. t. pallescens and C. t. australis) have been confirmed in the state (Smith et al. 2008; Tipps 2012). Although not found in Texas, the endangered Virginia Big-eared Bat ( Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus) has been documented as a carrier of P. destructans (www. whitenosesyndrome.org). We recently reported the first documentation of C. t. pallescens as a subspecies on which the fungus has been detected, but no diagnostic signs of WNS have been observed (Meierhofer et al. in prep).</p><p>King County.—On 2 December 2016, two C. townsendii were observed roosting in a cave system 26.1 km southeast of Paducah, Texas . An adult female C. townsendii (ASNHC 18118, ASK 12675) was collected as a voucher specimen . This specimen represents a new county record for the species, and tested negative for the DNA of P. destructans . Although separate, the cave system in which these individuals were observed is located within 50 m of a cave housing M. velifer that have been reported as positive carriers of the P. destructans fungal spores. Townsend’s Big-eared Bats were observed lying between these two cave sites.</p><p>Scurry County.—An adult male C. townsendii (ASNHC 18119, ASK 12676) was collected on 5 December 2017 from a gypsum cave system 27.7 km northeast of Snyder, Texas . In total, 57 C. townsendii were observed during survey efforts in Scurry County. Although this voucher specimen was P. destructans negative, two other C. townsendii that were swabbed at the site were positive for P. destructans . A public observation (Chris Taylor, pers. comm.) in 2000 served as the first historic mention of C. townsendii in Scurry County, but was not officially documented. Therefore, this voucher specimen is considered to be the first verified county record for C. townsendii in Scurry County.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB043923F87DFFA6FC75FB4CFCA0FAAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Demere, Krysta D.;Meierhofer, Melissa B.;Morrison, Michael L.;Pierce, Brian L.;Szewczak, Joseph M.;Evans, Jonah W.;Ammerman, Loren K.	Demere, Krysta D., Meierhofer, Melissa B., Morrison, Michael L., Pierce, Brian L., Szewczak, Joseph M., Evans, Jonah W., Ammerman, Loren K. (2017): Noteworthy Records For Six Species Of Bats From 13 Texas Counties And The First Voucher Specimens From Sites With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans. Occasional Papers of the Museum 351: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748599
FB043923F87BFFA6FF1BFAEAFB81FA4E.text	FB043923F87BFFA6FF1BFAEAFB81FA4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois 1796)	<div><p>Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)</p><p>Big Brown Bat</p><p>Eptesicus fuscus is primarily recorded from the eastern, northern, and western parts of Texas. A disjunct distribution separates the two known subspecies (E. f. fuscus and E. f. pallidus) in Texas (Ammerman et al. 2012). This permanent resident is one of seven species that has been identified with diagnostic signs of WNS in the eastern United States (www.whitenosesyndrome. org). Although the Big Brown Bat has not been confirmed as a positive carrier for P. destructans in Texas, E. fuscus were observed roosting at locations in Childress and Scurry counties where either C. townsendii or M. velifer were documented to carry the fungus.</p><p>Cass County.—An adult female E. fuscus (ASNHC 18125, ASK 12683) was collected from a Hwy 77 culvert (33.19392°N, 94.43376°W) 7.5 km west of Douglassville, Texas, on 27 January 2017 . An additional observation for the county was made at a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.29038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.05429" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.29038/lat 33.05429)">Hwy 59 bridge</a> (33.05429°N, 94.29038°W) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.29038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.05429" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.29038/lat 33.05429)">over Frazier creek 1.0 km northeast of New Colony</a>, Texas . The collected voucher specimen represents a new county record for Cass County and tested negative for P. destructans .</p><p>Scurry County.—An E. fuscus was observed roosting in a horizontal crevice located in a cave system 27.7 km northeast of Snyder, Texas . This observation of E. fuscus in Scurry County represents a new record and extends the southern distribution for this species in the Texas panhandle (Ammerman et al. 2012). Unfortunately, due to the dimensions of the crevice, the specimen could not be reached for collection. A photograph was taken for species verification (Fig. 3). This individual was not tested for P. destructans, but was found in a cave system where sampling efforts yielded positive results for the fungal spores on C. townsendii .</p><p>Stonewall County.— On 2 December 2016, an adult male E. fuscus (ASNHC 18117, ASK 12674) was collected from a bridge (33.205273°N, 100.249774°W) located 8.2 km north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.24977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.205273" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.24977/lat 33.205273)">Aspermont on Hwy</a> 83 . This is the same location from which a M. velifer voucher for Stonewall County was collected (mentioned below). This specimen represents a new record for Stonewall County and was one of 25 E. fuscus observed on this date. This species appears to maintain a presence in the county throughout the winter because individuals also were observed at this location on 9 October 2016 and 5 February 2017.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB043923F87BFFA6FF1BFAEAFB81FA4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Demere, Krysta D.;Meierhofer, Melissa B.;Morrison, Michael L.;Pierce, Brian L.;Szewczak, Joseph M.;Evans, Jonah W.;Ammerman, Loren K.	Demere, Krysta D., Meierhofer, Melissa B., Morrison, Michael L., Pierce, Brian L., Szewczak, Joseph M., Evans, Jonah W., Ammerman, Loren K. (2017): Noteworthy Records For Six Species Of Bats From 13 Texas Counties And The First Voucher Specimens From Sites With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans. Occasional Papers of the Museum 351: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748599
FB043923F87BFFA7FC68FA51FB58F9D4.text	FB043923F87BFFA7FC68FA51FB58F9D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis austroriparius (Rhodes 1897)	<div><p>Myotis austroriparius (Rhodes, 1897)</p><p>Southeastern Myotis</p><p>The Southeastern Myotis has been widely documented throughout the southeastern United States and is known from three ecoregions in Texas; South Central Plains, East Central Plains, and Western Gulf Coastal Plains (Ammerman et al. 2012). It is in eastern Texas that the species reaches the westernmost part of its North American range. This year-round resident of the state is a species on which P. destructans has been detected, but no diagnostic signs of WNS have been observed (www.whitenosesyndrome.org).</p><p>Bowie County.—On 27 January 2017, a Southeastern Myotis of unknown sex was observed roosting in a culvert along I-30 near Hook, Texas (33.46593°N, 94.23925°W) . This individual was located approximately 30 m from the entrance of the culvert at a height of 2.3 m and was alert and responsive. Due to the roosting height of the bat, this individual was not swabbed nor tested for signs of P. destructans and was not collected as a voucher. Although not a county record for the species (Schmidly and Bradley 2016), this documentation of M. austroriparius represents the first winter observation of the Southeastern Myotis for Bowie County.</p><p>Walker County.—On 20 January 2017, an adult male M. austroriparius (ASNHC 18126, ASK 12682) was collected from a culvert 12.8 km south of Huntsville, Texas (30.62102°N, 95.50771°W) on I-45 . This individual was swabbed, tested, and reported negative for P. destructans . Walker et al. (1996) previously reported a single captured specimen of M. austroriparius (TCWC 52871). Therefore, this voucher specimen provides additional verification of the occurrence of M. austroriparius in Walker County.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB043923F87BFFA7FC68FA51FB58F9D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Demere, Krysta D.;Meierhofer, Melissa B.;Morrison, Michael L.;Pierce, Brian L.;Szewczak, Joseph M.;Evans, Jonah W.;Ammerman, Loren K.	Demere, Krysta D., Meierhofer, Melissa B., Morrison, Michael L., Pierce, Brian L., Szewczak, Joseph M., Evans, Jonah W., Ammerman, Loren K. (2017): Noteworthy Records For Six Species Of Bats From 13 Texas Counties And The First Voucher Specimens From Sites With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans. Occasional Papers of the Museum 351: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748599
FB043923F87AFFA4FC4BF9DBFC69FACB.text	FB043923F87AFFA4FC4BF9DBFC69FACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen 1890)	<div><p>Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen, 1890)</p><p>Cave Myotis</p><p>A year-round resident of Texas, the Cave Myotis has been documented in every ecoregion of the state with the exception of the South Central Plains (Ammerman et al. 2012). This species exhibits seasonal variation in its distribution and is thought to be restricted to the central and north-central parts of the state during the winter months (Ammerman et al. 2012). Although P. destructans was recently documented on M. velifer in Texas (K. Gilles, pers. comm; Meierhofer et al. in prep), no diagnostic signs of WNS were observed.</p><p>Childress County.—On 12 January 2017, three dead female M. velifer (ASNHC 18121, ASK 12678; ASNHC 18122, ASK 12679; ASNHC 18123, ASK 12680) were found during a survey of a gypsum cave system located 31.0 km northeast of Childress, Texas. These bats were located at the base of a substantial rock fall and had visual signs of physical trauma including abrasions and gashes. As a precautionary measure, the specimens were collected and tested for the presence of P. destructans . The initial on-site swab results for all three of these specimens were reported as negative for P. destructans . However, the specimens were swabbed again in a lab setting and one (ASNHC 18123) produced positive results. The specimen did not display diagnostic symptoms of WNS, was in good physical condition, and was documented at a weight of 15 g with fat deposits present. The presence of the fungus also was documented on two additional M. velifer in this cave system. Although not a county record (Schmidly and Bradley 2016), these specimens represent the first voucher specimens of the Cave Myotis collected from a P. destructans positive site in Childress County. In total, 340 M. velifer were observed at this site.</p><p>Lampasas County.— An adult male specimen (ASNHC 18124, ASK 12681) was collected from a culvert (31.11936°N, 98.51707°W) 2.3 km north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.51707&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.11936" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.51707/lat 31.11936)">Bend</a>, Texas, on 23 November 2016. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.51707&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.11936" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.51707/lat 31.11936)">The</a> bat was located in a swallow nest approximately 1.6 m from the portal and at a height of 1.4 m. Lampasas County was previously listed as a DSHS record (Ammerman et al. 2012). However, to our knowledge the only specimen representing this record was discarded. Therefore, this voucher specimen is considered as a county record. This individual tested negative for P. destructans .</p><p>Scurry County.—On 5 February 2017, a male M. velifer (ASNHC 12677, ASK 18120) was collected approximately 27.7 km northeast of Snyder, Texas . This bat was roosting in a gypsum cave system approximately 19.7 m from the cave entrance at a height of 1.4 m; a total of approximately 150 M. velifer were observed at this site. Although this record is within the previously known distribution of the species, Scurry County is located at the proposed contact zone of the northern and southern subspecies M. v. magnamolaris and M. v. incautus (Dalquest and Stangl 1984; Parlos 2008; Ammerman et al. 2012). Without further investigation, it is not possible to determine which of the two subspecies ( M. v. magnamolaris or M. v. incautus) was collected in Scurry County. Analysis of the collected swab reported this individual to be negative for P. destructans . However, two Townsend’s Big-eared Bats from this site tested positive for P. destructans . Therefore, this specimen represents a new county record and the first M. velifer to be collected from a site positive for P. destructans in Scurry County.</p><p>Stonewall County.—On 2 December 2016, an adult male M. velifer (ASNHC 12673, ASK 18116) was collected from a bridge (33.205273°N, 100.249774°W) located 8.2 km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.24977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.205273" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.24977/lat 33.205273)">north of Aspermont</a>, Texas, on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.24977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.205273" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.24977/lat 33.205273)">Hwy 83</a>. This specimen represents the first voucher specimen for Stonewall County and was the only Cave Myotis observed on this date. However, this location was surveyed on three additional occasions, 9 October 2016, 11 January 2017, and 5 February 2017, and species counts of 350, 1, and 5, respectively, were recorded. Therefore, this species might maintain an active presence in the county throughout the winter. Stonewall County was previously listed as a literature record (Hayward 1970), however no voucher specimen was found. Thus, this voucher is considered as the official county record. This individual was not positive for P. destructans .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB043923F87AFFA4FC4BF9DBFC69FACB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Demere, Krysta D.;Meierhofer, Melissa B.;Morrison, Michael L.;Pierce, Brian L.;Szewczak, Joseph M.;Evans, Jonah W.;Ammerman, Loren K.	Demere, Krysta D., Meierhofer, Melissa B., Morrison, Michael L., Pierce, Brian L., Szewczak, Joseph M., Evans, Jonah W., Ammerman, Loren K. (2017): Noteworthy Records For Six Species Of Bats From 13 Texas Counties And The First Voucher Specimens From Sites With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans. Occasional Papers of the Museum 351: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748599
FB043923F879FFA5FC64FACAFBF6FB9C.text	FB043923F879FFA5FC64FACAFBF6FB9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perimyotis subflavus (F. Cuvier 1832)	<div><p>Perimyotis subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)</p><p>American Perimyotis</p><p>The American Perimyotis is a year-round resident of Texas that has been documented from all of the vegetative regions with the exception of the far western reaches of the Trans-Pecos (Schmidly and Bradley 2016). This species is known to hibernate in caves and box culverts throughout the winter within its range (Sandel et al. 2001). Recent records in Lubbock, Presidio, Brewster, Moore, Potter, and Hutchinson counties suggest that the American Perimyotis may be expanding its range westward in the state (Yancey et al. 1995; Schmidly 2004; Ammerman 2005; Demere et al. 2012). Perimyotis subflavus is one of seven bat species identified with diagnostic symptoms of WNS (www.whitenosesyndrome.org).</p><p>Burnet County.—An adult female P. subflavus (ASNHC 12670, ASK 18113) was collected on 5 March 2017 at Longhorn Caverns State Park (Permit # 2017-R3-04), 14.2 km southwest of Burnet, Texas. This voucher specimen represents a new county record for Burnet County. The P. subflavus population for the cavern system was estimated at 100 individuals.</p><p>Cass County.— On 27 January 2017, two American Perimyotis were observed roosting torpid at two locations in Cass County. The first individual was located in a Hwy 77 culvert (33.19392°N, 94.43376°W) located 7.4 km west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.29038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.05429" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.29038/lat 33.05429)">Douglassville</a>, Texas. The second individual was observed roosting under a bridge on State Hwy 59 (33.05429°N, 94.29038°W) over Frazier creek 1.0 km northeast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.29038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.05429" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.29038/lat 33.05429)">New Colony</a>, Texas. Although many voucher specimens have been taken from Cass County (Ammerman et al. 2012;www. batsoftexas.com), these observations are noteworthy winter documentations for the county.</p><p>Collingsworth County.—An adult male American Perimyotis (ASNHC 18115, ASK 12672) was collected from a gypsum cave located 22.1 km northeast of Wellington, Texas, on 13 January 2017 . This individual represents a new county record and is one of the northernmost documentations of P. subflavus in Texas. In total, 30 P. subflavus were observed across four sites in Collingsworth County.</p><p>Freestone County.—On 23 January 2017, an adult female P. subflavus (ASNHC 18114, ASK 12671) was collected from a culvert along IH-45 (31.52346°N, 96.11293°W) 8.4 km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.11293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.52346" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.11293/lat 31.52346)">northwest of Buffalo</a>, Texas . A total of 712 P. subflavus were documented at this location. An additional 969 P. subflavus were documented across other sites in Freestone County. Although American Perimyotis has previously been documented in Freestone County (Walker et al. 1996), to our knowledge no voucher specimens exist. Thus, this voucher specimen is considered as a new county record for Freestone County. This individual was negative for spores of P. destructans .</p><p>Harrison County.—On 26 January 2017, a P. subflavus was observed roosting in an IH-20 culvert (32.48579°N, 94.12468°W) 6.2 km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.12468&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.48579" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.12468/lat 32.48579)">west of Waskom</a>, Texas . This bat was roosting at a height of 2.8 m and was not collected as a voucher due to its location. This observation provides additional support for a previous voucher from Harrison County (Demere et al. 2012) and is the first locality-specific documentation of P. subflavus in the county.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB043923F879FFA5FC64FACAFBF6FB9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Demere, Krysta D.;Meierhofer, Melissa B.;Morrison, Michael L.;Pierce, Brian L.;Szewczak, Joseph M.;Evans, Jonah W.;Ammerman, Loren K.	Demere, Krysta D., Meierhofer, Melissa B., Morrison, Michael L., Pierce, Brian L., Szewczak, Joseph M., Evans, Jonah W., Ammerman, Loren K. (2017): Noteworthy Records For Six Species Of Bats From 13 Texas Counties And The First Voucher Specimens From Sites With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans. Occasional Papers of the Museum 351: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748599
