identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F46F87B6FFDC235216EF604EFADD6F28.text	F46F87B6FFDC235216EF604EFADD6F28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphidiinae Latreille 1806	<div><p>Key to the  Scaphidiinae Latreille, 1806 genera occurring in Brazil</p><p>1. Antennae robust; antennomeres VII –XI forming a distinct club (Fig. 2A–B) .................................. 2</p><p>– Antennae slender; antennomeres VII –XI slender, forming a loose club (Fig. 2C–D) ...................... 3</p><p>2. Eyes emarginate near antennal insertion (Fig. 2E), tibiae smooth (not spinose) ................................ ....................................................................................................................  Scaphidium Olivier, 1790</p><p>– Eyes not emarginate near antennal insertion (Fig. 2F), tibiae spinose (Fig. 2G) ............................... ....................................................................................................................  Cyparium Erichson, 1845</p><p>3. Profemora with ctenidium (Fig. 2H) ................................................................................................. 4</p><p>– Profemora without ctenidium ............................................................................................................ 5</p><p>4. Antennomere III very short, triangular (Fig. 2C); last apical palpomere normal (almost the same width as previous and gradually tapering towards the apex) (Fig. 2I) ............................................... .....................................................................................................................  Scaphisoma Leach, 1815</p><p>– Antennomere III not distinctly shorter than IV (Fig. 2D); last apical palpomere aciculate (much narrower than the previous or abruptly narrowed at the apex) (Fig. 2J) ............................................ .....................................................................................................................  Baeocera Erichson, 1845</p><p>5. Body laterally compressed, strongly convex dorsally (in lateral view) (Fig. 2K); elytral basal striae absent; maxillary palpi normal (Fig. 2I) .....................................................  Toxidium LeConte, 1860</p><p>– Body not compressed laterally, and just normally convex dorsally (in lateral view); elytral basal striae present (Fig. 2L–M) ................................................................................................................. 6</p><p>6. Scutellum visible in dorsal view (Fig. 2L); mesotibiae with two inner apical spines (Fig. 2N); prothoracic corbiculum absent..................................................................  Amalocera Erichson, 1845</p><p>– Scutellum concealed in dorsal view (Fig. 2M); mesotibiae with just one inner apical spine (Fig. 2O); prothoracic corbiculum present (Fig. 2P) ........................................................  Alexidia Reitter, 1880</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFDC235216EF604EFADD6F28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFDA2353140A6726FB7A6BB7.text	F46F87B6FFDA2353140A6726FB7A6BB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyparium Erichson 1845	<div><p>Genus  Cyparium Erichson, 1845</p><p>Figs 2A, F–G, 3–5</p><p>Cyparium Erichson, 1845: 3 .</p><p>Type species:  Cyparium palliatum Erichson, 1845; by monotypy.</p><p>Yparicum Achard, 1920: 126 . Type species:  Yparicum yunnanum Achard, 1920; by monotypy.</p><p>Cyparium, the only genus of the tribe  Cypariini, comprises 62 species, 5 subspecies, and one “potential new species”, with the majority occuring in the Neotropical Region (23 spp. and 3 subspecies), of which 13 are from Brazil (Löbl 2018; von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade 2021; Löbl &amp; Cosandey 2023). While it was once considered “notably absent from southern South America, the western part of the Palearctic, and Australia ” (Löbl &amp; Leschen 2003b), it is now understood that the low number of species in Brazil is a result of the lack of studies/collections involving  Scaphidiinae (von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade 2022) . Throughout my field trips in Minas Gerais, Brazil, it was very common to collect specimens of  Cyparium . Although this paper includes the description of only one new species, it should be noted that several others have been collected.</p><p>General description (Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005)</p><p>HEAD. Mandible with two apical teeth and subapical serrations present on the left mandible. Maxillary palp normal. Galea narrow, with paniculate brush. Inner and basal setae of lacinia absent. Last labial palp straight. Eyes anteriorly entire, not notched. Antennae clubbed; antennomeres VII–XI symmetrical.</p><p>PROTHORAX. Prothoracic corbiculum absent. Hypomeron visible in lateral view; apex acute and not extending beyond pronotum.</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral lines impunctate. Secondary lines present. Scutellum visible in dorsal view. Mesoventral process carinate. Mesepimeron absent. Meso- and metaventrite separate.</p><p>METATHORAX. Submesocoxal lines parallel to coxae, punctate. Metaventral setose patch absent. Primary seta present.</p><p>WINGS. Sutural and apical serrations of the elytra present. Lateral stria present.</p><p>LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium absent. Tibiae spinose. Mesotibiae with two inner apical spines, equal in length.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal bead on abdominal process absent. Submetacoxal space absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFDA2353140A6726FB7A6BB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFDA235F143C63F8FE0F6AF6.text	F46F87B6FFDA235F143C63F8FE0F6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyparium fugitivum Groll 2025	<div><p>Cyparium fugitivum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C00D14F8-67BE-4DBB-8E05-CBF79D7920BC</p><p>Figs 1A–D, 2A, F–G, 3–5, 93A–B</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 4.40 mm, robust. Black, laterals of pronotum, hypomere and humeral region reddish; very shining. Seven rows of coarse elytral punctures. Lacking microsculpture. Medium lobe strongly curved in lateral view; parameres thin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘runaway’, because the holotype almost escaped when I tried to collect it.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Mata da Biologia; 15 May 2021; E. von Groll and A. Orsetti leg.; “Fungo 44 / Em  Agaricales indet. / Dissecado em 15.xii.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 3D–E).</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Black. Humeral region, laterals of pronotum and hypomeron reddish (Figs 3A–C, F, 4A– B). Legs dark red-purplish (Fig. 4C–E). Antennomeres I–VI and XI, mouthparts, and tarsi ochreous (Figs 3F, 4F–H).</p><p>HEAD. Frons with dense and coarse punctate; eyes very prominent (Fig. 3F). Antennomeres VIII–XI wide; ratios: I 127/45:II 83/38: III 86/33: IV 63/36:V 55/40:VI 40/46:VII 69/85:VIII 62/93: IX 70/102: X 67/110:XI 103/112 (Fig. 3G).</p><p>THORAX. Pronotum coarse and shallowly punctate (Fig. 4A). Hypomeron smooth (Fig. 4B). Scutellum rounded posteriorly (Fig. 4A). Ventral sclerites of thorax smooth and almost glabrous; metaventrite with sparse coarse punctures laterally (Fig. 4B–C). Submesocoxal lines parallel to coxae, with few coarse punctures (Fig. 4B).</p><p>WINGS. Elytra rectangular, longer than wide; sutural and basal striae connected; basal stria punctate, reaching almost middle of elytra (Fig. 3A). Seven rows of coarse punctures (Fig. 3A). Epipleuron coarsely punctate (Fig. 4B). Apical spines small (Fig. 4K).</p><p>LEGS. Femora sparsely and coarsely punctate (Fig. 4C–E). Meso- and metatibiae curved (Fig. 4D–E), with two large apical spines (Fig. 4I–J).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Abdominal ventrite I coarsely punctate, denser laterally; submetacoxal bead with close and coarse punctures (Figs 3B–C, 4B). Propygidium and pygidium micropunctured and with coarse punctures; disc with strigulate microsculpture anteriorly (Fig. 4L).</p><p>Male</p><p>Sternite VIII rectangular with a rounded projection (Fig. 5A). Tergite VIII wide and rounded (Fig. 5B). Tergite IX with rectangular-shaped ventral struts (Fig. 5C). Tergite X (Fig. 5D) as long as wide. Sternite IX thicker posteriorly (Fig. 5E).</p><p>AEDEAGUS. Strongly sclerotized. Basal bulb large; apical lobe curved in lateral view (Fig. 5F–H); dorsal openings forming an upside-down triangle (Fig. 5H). Parameres thin and short, slightly sinuous (Fig. 5F–G). Internal sac with irregular sclerites (Fig. 5I–K).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =1; in mm). TL 4.40, SY 0.37, HW 1.09, IS 0.44, WA 0.27, PL 1.56, PA 1.41, PB 2.75, SL 0.24, SW 0.28, EI 2.70, EL 3.12, EW 1.60, EH 1.09, MSW 0.55, MEL 0.31, MEW 0.13, MB 0.71, MC 1.22, VL 1.00, VL2 0.66. Legs: PrF 1.53, PrT 0.91, MsF 1.34, MsT 1.09, MtF 1.59, MtT 1.56.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from an undetermined mushroom on the border of a field trail (Fig. 93A–B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The humeral reddish area is similar to  C. pici von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2021 and  C. loebli von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2021 but differs by the larger size and by the pronotal lateral reddish marks. The pronotum colouration resembles  C. anale Reitter, 1880 but the elytral colouration is different. The aedeagus is similar to that of  C. pici but it is less robust and the sclerites are in a different shape. The aedeagus is also similar to that of  C. lescheni von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2021 but it is larger and more robust.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFDA235F143C63F8FE0F6AF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFD5235C1405647EFB7A6AF6.text	F46F87B6FFD5235C1405647EFB7A6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphidium Olivier 1790	<div><p>Genus  Scaphidium Olivier, 1790</p><p>Fig. 2B, E</p><p>Scaphidium Olivier, 1790: 20: 1 .</p><p>Type species:  Scaphidium quadrimaculatum Olivier, 1790; fixation by Latreille 1810.</p><p>Ascaphidium Pic, 1915a: 24 . Type species:  Ascaphidium sikorai Pic, 1915; by monotypy.</p><p>Cribroscaphium Pic, 1920b: 93 (subgenus of  Scaphidium). Type species:  Scaphidium irregulare Pic, 1920; by monotypy.</p><p>Hemiscaphium Achard, 1922a: 12 . Type species:  Scaphidium striatipenne Gestro, 1879; by original designation.</p><p>Hyposcaphidium Achard, 1922a: 12 (subgenus of  Scaphidium). Type species:  Scaphidium rufopygum Lewis, 1893, designated by Löbl 2015: 21.</p><p>Isoscaphium Achard, 1922a: 12 (subgenus of  Scaphidium). Type species:  Scaphidium quadriguttatum Say, 1823, designated by Löbl 2015: 21.</p><p>Pachyscaphidium Achard, 1922a: 12 (subgenus of  Scaphidium). Type species:  Scaphidium arrowi Achard, 1920; by monotypy.</p><p>Scaphidiolum Achard, 1922a: 12 . Type species:  Scaphidium basale Laporte, 1840; by original designation.</p><p>Scaphidopsis Achard, 1922a: 12 . Type species:  Scaphidium pardale Laporte, 1840; by original designation.</p><p>Falsoascaphidium Pic, 1923: 16 . Type species:  Scaphidium subdepressum Pic, 1921; by original designation.</p><p>Parascaphium Achard, 1923: 97 . Type species:  Scaphium optabile Lewis, 1893; by monotypy.</p><p>There are 13 species of  Scaphidium known from Brazil. During my field trips, it was possible to collect only one specimen,  Scaphidium cf. gounellei . Nonetheless, this single specimen was not included in this manuscript due to limited time.</p><p>General description (Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005)</p><p>HEAD. Mandible with two apical teeth and serrations present. Maxillary palp normal. Galea wide with radulate brush. Inner and basal setae of lacinia present. Last labial palp straight. Eyes anteriorly notched (Fig. 2E). Antennae clubbed; antennomeres VII–XI symmetrical (Fig. 2B).</p><p>PROTHORAX. Prothoracic corbiculum absent. Hypomeron visible in lateral view; apex subacute and not extending beyond pronotum.</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral lines impunctate. Secondary lines present. Scutellum visible in dorsal view. Mesoventral process carinate. Mesepimeron absent. Meso- and metaventrite separate.</p><p>METATHORAX. Submesocoxal lines parallel to coxae. Metaventral setose patch present. Primary seta absent.</p><p>WINGS. Sutural and apical serrations of elytra present. Basal stria absent; lateral stria present.</p><p>LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium absent. Tibiae not spinose. Mesotibiae with two inner apical spines, equal in length.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal bead on abdominal process absent. Submetacoxal space absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFD5235C1405647EFB7A6AF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFD4235D143C6470FA9C6B14.text	F46F87B6FFD4235D143C6470FA9C6B14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexidia Reitter 1880	<div><p>Genus  Alexidia Reitter, 1880</p><p>Figs 2M, O–P, 6–13</p><p>Alexidia Reitter, 1880: 43 .</p><p>Type species:  Alexidia rogenhoferi Reitter, 1880; by monotypy.</p><p>Alexidia comprises four known species, all of them distributed in the Neotropical Region. Only  A. plaumanni Löbl &amp; Leschen, 2003a is reported from Brazil (state of Santa Catarina). During my field trips, two species of  Alexidia were discovered and are described here: (1)  A. convivalis sp. nov. represented by 19 specimens, and (2)  A. solitaria sp. nov. represented by a single female. No more specimens belonging to this genus were collected.</p><p>General description</p><p>Body large, oval.</p><p>HEAD. Labral setae present. Mandible apically bidentate (Fig. 7B–C). Maxillary palp aciculate (Fig. 7D). Galea wide, with radulate brush (Fig. 7D). Inner and basal setae of lacinia absent (Fig. 7D). Setae on adoral surface of hypopharynx spinose (Fig. 7E–F). Last labial palpomere curved (Fig. 7E–F). Submaxillary ducts present (Fig. 7G). Gular suture not reaching submentum. Frontoclypeal suture present (Figs 6H, 12E). Antennomeres III and IV elongate; VII–X with a long basal stalk (Figs 6J–K, 12F).</p><p>PROTHORAX. Prothoracic corbiculum present (Fig. 7L). Hypomeron visible in lateral view; apex subacute and not extending beyond pronotum (Figs 6B, 12B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral lines impunctate and connected to mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 8D). Median and secondary lines absent. Prepectus present. Scutellum concealed in dorsal view (Fig. 8A–B). Mesoventral process paxillate (Fig. 8G). Meso- and metaventrite not fused (Fig. 8D).</p><p>METATHORAX. Submesocoxal lines arcuate (Figs 8F, 12D). Metaventral setose patch absent (Fig. 8E). Intercoxal plates present.</p><p>WINGS. Elytra lacking apical serrations (Figs 9H, 12H); basal and lateral striae present (Fig. 8A).</p><p>LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium absent. Mesotibiae with a single inner apical spine (Fig. 9E).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal bead meeting in middle; punctate (Fig. 8E). Submetacoxal area absent.</p><p>MALES. Aedeagal sclerites tripartite (Fig. 10E–J) (Löbl &amp; Leschen 2003b; Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFD4235D143C6470FA9C6B14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFD4234514246374FE626B8F.text	F46F87B6FFD4234514246374FE626B8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexidia convivalis Groll 2025	<div><p>Alexidia convivalis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 15C92174-46F7-4EAB-8406-88CEA582294F</p><p>Figs 1A–B, G, 6–11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.41–1.55 mm. Oval, in dorsal view, and convex in lateral. Brown to dark brown, edges of some sclerites reddish; shining. Sutural, basal, and lateral striae joined. Almost glabrous and lacking coarse punctures. Submetacoxal area short.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘feast’, ‘banquet’, because of the great feast they were having, all the time specimens were collected among other  Alexidia and many  Baeocera species.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Fungo 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus / HOLOTYPE ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 6D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ex.; same locality as for holotype; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 10 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa ”; CELC  •   6 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (1 ♂ *, 1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ **,); same locality as for holotype; 10 Mar. 2022; LabCol leg.; “Falcon 26 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  •   1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Fungo 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  •   1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 14 Apr. 2022; LabCol leg.; “Falcon 42 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown, edges of some sclerites reddish; distal part of femora and tibiae lighter, tarsi, mouthparts and antennomeres I–VI yellow (Fig. 6A–C, H). Variation: light brown and not reddish (Fig. 6F–G).</p><p>HEAD. Frons smooth, subglabrous, devoid of punctures (Fig. 6H). Clypeus longer than wide (Fig. 6H–I). Labrum rounded apically (Fig. 7A). Mandible elongate (Fig. 7B–C). Last maxillary palpomere 1.70 × as long as previous (Fig. 7D). Last labial palpomere not strongly curved (Fig. 7E–F). Mentum laterally constricted (Fig. 7F). Three submaxillary ducts (Fig. 7G). Gular region with strigulate microsculpture and few and sparse gular pores; gular suture short, more than 2× distant from submentum (Fig. 7G). Antennomeres VIII, IX, and XI slender.Antennomere proportions (n =2): I 98/32: II 88/36: III 56/16: IV 84/16: V 98/17: VI 89/17: VII 97/25:VIII 77/17: IX 112/27: X 105/35: XI 113/35 (Fig. 6J–K).</p><p>PROTHORAX. Smooth, lacking microsculpture (Figs 6A, F, 7H–I, 11A). Pronotum strongly curved in lateral view (Figs 6B, G, 11B); punctation very fine; pubescence sparse and short; posterior angles not trespassing mesenepisternum. Hypomeron almost glabrous (Figs 6G, 11C). Notosternal suture curved inward (Fig. 7J). Prosternal process long and acute (Fig. 7K). Profurca thin and elongate (Fig. 7L). Prothoracic corbiculum shortly pubescent (Fig. 7L).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Lacking microsculpture, almost glabrous (Figs 6B, G, 8E–F, 11B–C). Scutellar lines straight in middle, forming two lateral lobes (Fig. 8C). Mesepimeron short and oblique (Fig. 8F). Procoxal rests triangular, wide (Fig. 8D). Mesoventral lines oblique (Fig. 8D). Median and secondary lines absent. Mesoventral process sinuous (Fig. 8G).</p><p>METATHORAX. Metaventrite smooth, devoid of punctures; pubescence sparse (Figs 6B, G, 8E–F, 11B–C). Submesocoxal lines punctate; submesocoxal area micropunctured; length: 0.04–0.05 (Figs 6A, G, 8F, 11C). Metanepisternum mostly covered by elytra (Figs 6A, G, 8F, 11C). Metanotum with alacrista triangular and wide; median membranous area wide; scutoscutellar suture oval and flattened (Fig. 8H). Metepimeron distinct, smooth. Intercoxal plates rectangular (Figs 6A, G, 8F, 11B–C). Metendosternite thick; stalk, and ventral longitudinal flange elongate (Fig. 8I–K).</p><p>WINGS. Elytra wider anteriorly; shining; lacking microsculpture; finely punctate; moderately pubescent (Figs 6A, F, 8L–M, 11A). Sutural striae joined to basal and then, to lateral striae (Figs 6A–B, F–G, 7H). Adsutural area wider near posterior ⅔. Epipleura impunctate (Fig. 8F). Hind wings fully developed (Fig. 9A).</p><p>LEGS (Figs 9B–G, 11D–I). Pro- and mesofemora sparse and coarsely punctate. Femora narrow. Meso- and metatibiae bearing a long apical spine.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Subglabrous, shining; primary setae present. Lateral of ventrite I and tergite VI with micropuncture (Figs 6B, 11B). Tergite VI bearing few setae (Figs 9H, 11J).</p><p>Males</p><p>Antennae slightly thinner than in females (Fig. 6J–K). Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 9C, E). Metatibia arcuate (Fig. 9F). Ventrite VIII with a short posterior projection (Fig. 9I); tergite VIII straight posteriorly (Fig. 9J); both tergite and ventrites VIII punctate and not microsculptured. Tergite IX with rounded ventral struts (Fig. 9K); sternite IX thick, with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 9L); tergite X triangular (Fig. 9M).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 10A–J). Curved in lateral view; basal bulb poorly sclerotized; apical lobe sclerotized. Parameres long and thin; sclerite tripartite and symmetrical (Fig. 10E–J).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =9, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n= 8) 1.44–1.50 (1.46 ± 0.02), SY 0.17–0.20 (0.18 ± 0.01), HW 0.36–0.40 (0.39 ± 0.01), IS 0.18–0.22 (0.19 ±0.01), WA 0.10–0.13 (0.12±0.01), PL (n= 8) 0.54–0.60 (0.57± 0.02), PA 0.42–0.47 (0.44 ± 0.02), PB 0.93–0.97 (0.95 ± 0.01), EI 0.96–1.05 (1.00± 0.03), EL 1.05–1.12 (1.08± 0.03), EW 0.48–0.54 (0.50 ± 0.02), EH 0.42–0.49 (0.46± 0.02), MsW 0.20–0.26 (0.23± 0.02), MeL 0.06–0.12 (0.09± 0.02), MeW (n= 8) 0.03– 0.04 (0.03 ±0.01), MB 0.10–0.13 (0.12 ± 0.01), MC 0.30–0.35 (0.32 ± 0.02), ML 0.04–0.05 (0.04 ±0.005), VL 0.25–0.28 (0.26 ±0.01), VL2 (n =8) 0.22–0.27 (0.25 ± 0.02); PrF 0.37–0.42 (0.40 ± 0.02), PrT 0.25–0.31 (0.29 ±0.02), MsF 0.40–0.47 (0.44± 0.02), MsT 0.35–0.41 (0.38± 0.02), MtF 0.44–0.50 (0.49 ± 0.02), MtT 0.43–0.49 (0.47 ±0.02).</p><p>Females (Fig. 11)</p><p>Tarsi not enlarged and lacking tenent setae (Fig. 11G–I). Ventrite VIII with a triangular projection (Fig. 11K) and tergite VIII straight posteriorly (Fig. 11L) – both microsculptured. Spermatheca elongate and twisted, forming a circular structure; spermathecal duct filiform (Fig. 11M). Distal gonocoxite long and slender, somewhat arcuate (Fig. 11M–N). Gonostylus about 2× as long as wide, tapering posteriorly (Fig. 11M–N).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =9, in mm). TL 1.41–1.55 (1.50 ± 0.04), SY 0.15–0.19 (0.18± 0.01), HW 0.39–0.41 (0.40 ±0.01), IS 0.18–0.21 (0.19 ± 0.01), WA 0.11–0.14 (0.12 ±0.01), PL 0.54–0.63 (0.59 ± 0.03), PA 0.43–0.47 (0.45 ± 0.01), PB 0.88–0.98 (0.95± 0.03), EI 0.95–1.04 (1.01 ± 0.03), EL 1.03–1.14 (1.11 ±0.03), EW 0.44–0.55 (0.51 ±0.04), EH 0.43–0.49 (0.46 ±0.02), MsW 0.20–0.27 (0.24 ± 0.02), MeL 0.05–0.13 (0.09 ±0.02), MeW 0.02–0.04 (0.03± 0.01), MB 0.10–0.14 (0.12 ±0.01), MC 0.29–0.38 (0.33± 0.03), ML 0.04–0.06 (0.05 ±0.01), VL 0.25–0.33 (0.28 ± 0.02), VL2 0.24–0.28 (0.26 ±0.01), PrF 0.39–0.42 (0.41 ± 0.01), PrT 0.28–0.31 (0.30 ±0.01), MsF 0.42–0.46 (0.45 ±0.01), MsT 0.35–0.41 (0.38 ± 0.02), MtF 0.45–0.50 (0.48 ± 0.02), MtT 0.45–0.49 (0.48 ± 0.01).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa T.Macbr. (Protozoa) on a fallen  Pinus sp. tree (Fig. 1G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The aedeagus is very similar to that of  A. plaumanni but it can be easily distinguished by the external morphology: smaller body length, the metaventrite and abdomen are not punctate, and the elytral punctation is not coarse.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B, G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFD4234514246374FE626B8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFCC234014D363FDFE0F6F6F.text	F46F87B6FFCC234014D363FDFE0F6F6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexidia solitaria Groll 2025	<div><p>Alexidia solitaria sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 237D02EA-01BB-4B94-9EAA-F2181F24BE55</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 12–13, 93C</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.74 mm. Dark wine-brown; legs lighter; tarsi and posterior laterals of elytra yellow; very shining. Somewhat flattened in lateral view. Sutural, basal, and lateral striae joined. Antennomere IX distinctly enlarged. Spermatheca C-shaped. Gonostylus short.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘alone’, because the single known specimen was collected alone.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♀ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Recanto das Cigarras (Mata da Biol.); 20 Nov. 2019; Labcol leg.; “Fungo 14 / Dissecado em 07 Oct. 2022 /”; CELC. Lacking the “HOLOTYPUS ♀” label.</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark wine-brown; frons, coxae, femora and tibiae lighter (Fig. 12A–C). Antennae, tarsi, posterior laterals of elytra, propygidium and pygidium yellow (Fig. 12A–H).</p><p>HEAD. Frons smooth, sparsely pubescent, devoid of punctures; one fovea above each eye (Fig. 12E). Clypeus longer than wide (Fig. 12E). Labrum rounded apically (Fig. 12E). Antennomere VIII sinuate (Fig. 12F); antennomere proportions (n= 1): I missing: II 106/39:III 66/18: IV 94/16: V 109/18:VI 94/20: VII 108/35:VIII 88/22:IX 124/38: X 112/42: XI 119/46.</p><p>PROTHORAX. Smooth, lacking microsculpture (Fig. 12A–D, G). Pronotum not strongly curved in lateral view (Fig. 12B); punctation very fine; pubescence somewhat dense; posterior angles not trespassing mesenepisternum (Fig. 12B). Hypomeron poorly pubescent (Fig. 12D).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 12B–D). Lacking microsculpture. Mesoventral line oblique. Secondary lines absent (Fig. 12D). Mesepimeron short and oblique (Fig. 12D).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 12B–D). Metaventrite smooth, lacking punctures, and sparsely pubescent. Submesocoxal lines punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.05 mm. Metanepisternum mostly covered by elytra. Metepimeron distinct, smooth.</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 12A–D, G–H). Elytra wider anteriorly; shining, lacking microsculpture, finely punctate, and moderately pubescent. Sutural striae joined to basal, and then, to the lateral – distinctly punctate (Fig. 12A–B). Epipleura impunctate (Fig. 12D).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 12B–D). Pro- and mesofemora with sparse and coarse punctures. Femora narrow. Meso- and metatibiae bearing a long apical spine.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 12B–D, H). Ventrite I impunctate, shining; primary setae present. Tergite VI with micropuncture and sparsely pubescent.</p><p>TERMINALIA. Ventrite VIII with a triangular projection (Fig. 13A); tergite VIII straight posteriorly (Fig. 13B) – both microsculptured. Bursa copulatrix spinose (Fig. 13C–D). Spermatheca large, C-shaped; spermathecal duct filiform (Fig. 13C). Distal gonocoxite thick on posterior area, arcuate (Fig. 13C–D). Gonostylus very short (Fig. 13C–D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n=1, holotype). TL 1.70, SY 0.22, HW 0.44, IS 0.22, WA 0.15, PL 0.65, PA 0.50, PB 1.10, EI 1.16, EL 1.26, EW 0.53, EH 0.50, MB 0.11, MC 0.40, ML 0.05, VL 0.50, VL2 0.31, PrF 0.47, PrT 0.34, MsF 0.48, MsT 0.42, MtF 0.55, MtT 0.53.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from an undetermined young orange-white fungus/myxomycete on a decaying tree (Fig. 93C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The morphology is similar to that of  A. convivalis sp. nov. but can be distinguished by the longer, wider, and more flattened body shape. The elytra present a distinct colouration on the posterior laterals and the adsutural area is not distinctly wide at the posterior ⅔. The antennomeres are thicker than those of  A. convivalis . Regarding the female genitalia, the spermatheca of  A. solitaria sp. nov. is larger and not entirely twisted, the distal gonocoxite is more curved, and the gonostylus is shorter than in  A. convivalis .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFCC234014D363FDFE0F6F6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFC823411400643BFCE368B2.text	F46F87B6FFC823411400643BFCE368B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amalocera Erichson 1845	<div><p>Genus  Amalocera Erichson, 1845</p><p>Fig. 2L, N</p><p>Amalocera Erichson, 1845: 4 .</p><p>Type species:  Amalocera picta Erichson, 1845; by monotypy.</p><p>Amalocera is represented by only five known species – all of them registered for Brazil. Until the development of this paper, the CELC collection counted only two specimens (male and female) of this genus. The two specimens belong to the same new species and are not included here due to limited time.</p><p>General description (Löbl 1974; Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005)</p><p>Body wide (Fig. 2L).</p><p>HEAD. Labral setae present. Mandible apically bidentate, with apical serrations. Maxillary palp normal. Galea wide, with radulate brush. Inner and basal setae of lacinia absent. Setae on adoral surface of hypopharynx absent. Last labial palpomere curved. Submaxillary ducts present. Gular suture not reaching submentum. Frontoclypeal suture present. Eyes entire – not notched. Antennae filiform, antennomeres III and IV elongate; VII–XI asymmetrical.</p><p>PROTHORAX. Prothoracic corbiculum absent. Hypomeron visible in lateral view; apex subacute and not extending beyond pronotum.</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral lines impunctate and not connected to the mesocoxal cavity. Secondary and median lines absent. Prepectus present. Scutellum quite visible in dorsal view. Meso- and metaventrite partially fused. Mesoventral process carinate. Mesepimeron absent.</p><p>METATHORAX. Submesocoxal lines parallel to coxae. Metaventral setose patch absent. Intercoxal plates present.</p><p>WINGS. Elytra with apical serrations; basal and lateral striae present and connected. Profemoral ctenidium absent. Metatibiae with a single spine. Mesotibiae with two apical spines, unequal in length (Fig. 2N).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal bead punctate, meeting in middle; submetacoxal space present; submetaxocal lines parallel to coxae. Primary setae of ventrite I absent.</p><p>MALES. Tibiae bearing secondary sexual characteristics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFC823411400643BFCE368B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFC8234E140960D8FE3C6854.text	F46F87B6FFC8234E140960D8FE3C6854.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera Erichson 1845	<div><p>Genus  Baeocera Erichson, 1845</p><p>Figs 2D, J, 14–43</p><p>Baeocera Erichson, 1845: 4 .</p><p>Type species:  Baeocera falsata Achard, 1920 .</p><p>Sciatrophes Blackburn, 1903: 100 . Type species:  Sciatrophes latens Blackburn, 1903; by monotypy.</p><p>Cyparella Achard, 1924: 28 . Type species:  Scaphisoma rufoguttatum Fairmaire, 1898; by original designation.</p><p>Amaloceroschema Löbl, 1967: 1 (as subgenus). Type species:  Baeocera freudei Löbl, 1967; by original designation.</p><p>Eubaeocera Cornell, 1967: 2, fig. 1. Type species:  Baeocera abdominalis Casey, 1900; by original designation.</p><p>With over 300 described species,  Baeocera is one of the largest  Scaphidiinae genera, which can be found on all continents. However, to date, Brazil has only one known species:  Baeocera freudei Löbl, 1967 (state of Amazonas). In this work, six new species are described, and one species group is proposed. The six new species present a similar external morphology and were collected simultaneously (same host and days), making them difficult to distinguish. In this context, associating females with their respective species proved particularly challenging, as the most diagnostic characters are found in the male genitalia. This issue was partially resolved through complete dissections, enabling comparison of additional structures (e.g., metendosternite, profurca).</p><p>General description (* = variable characters within the genera, but not variable in the species below; Löbl &amp; Leschen 2003b; Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005)</p><p>HEAD. Labral setae simple* (Fig. 15A). Mandible unidentate* (Fig. 15B–C). Last maxillary palpomere aciculate; galea narrow (longer than wide), with paniculate brush; lacinia lacking basal setae (Fig. 15D). Setae on adoral surface of hypopharynx setose; last labial palpomere thin (Fig. 15E). Antennomere III and IV not shortened (Fig. 14J). Gular pores present. Frontoclypeal suture present (Fig. 14H).</p><p>PROTHORAX. Hypomeron visible in lateral view*; pronotal angles acute and slightly extending anapleural suture* (Fig. 14B). Prothoracic corbiculum present (Fig. 15K).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral process paxillate (Fig. 16A). Mesoventral space (prepectus) absent. Mesoventral lines connected to mesocoxal cavity; impunctate* (Fig. 15M). Secondary lines absent. Mesanepisternum finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent*. Mesepimeron exposed* (Fig. 14B).</p><p>METATHORAX. Metanepisternum exposed (Fig. 14C). Submesocoxal lines present. Metacoxal process short*. Metaventral setose patch present* (Fig. 14G).</p><p>WINGS. Hind wings developed (Fig. 16I). Basal and sutural elytral striae connected*; lateral striae present*; apical serrations present*.</p><p>LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium present (Fig. 2H). Mesotibiae bearing outer spines and two ventral spines.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines parallel to coxae; punctate*. Membranes of abdominal ventrites with brick-wall pattern.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFC8234E140960D8FE3C6854	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFC7234914DA60B9FE0E69DA.text	F46F87B6FFC7234914DA60B9FE0E69DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera facilis Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera facilis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DE609417-1EBA-4468-8315-576FC53CDBEE</p><p>Figs 1A–B, G, 14–18</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.00– 1.18 mm; somewhat narrow in dorsal view; moderately convex in lateral view. Brown to dark brown; mouthparts, antennae, and legs ochreous. Mesepimeron width approximately 0.72 of the mesanepisternum width, and 3.60 × as wide as long. Submesocoxal lines arcuate and punctate. Metanepisternal suture straight or moderately curved; punctate. Basal striae connected to sutural and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width. Femora with strigulate microsculpture. Aedeagus with parameres with apex slightly thinner, sclerite of internal sac asymmetrical and undefined. Distal gonocoxite and gonostylus elongate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘easy’, referring of the simplicity of distinguishing this species from others.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 14D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ **); same data as for holotype; CELC .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; mouthparts, antennae, clypeus, and anterior part of femora dark ochreous; tibiae and tarsi light ochreous (Fig. 14A–C, H). Variation: all structures paler (Fig. 14F–G).</p><p>HEAD (Figs 14H–I, 15A–F). Finely punctate; pubescence sparse; one fovea above each eye (Fig. 14H–I). Labrum slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 15A). Mandibles not strongly curved (Fig. 15B–C). Last labial palpomere distinctly elongate, curved; mentum concave posteriorly (Fig. 15E). Gular pores absent; gular suture wide near ostium; gular region with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 15F). Antennae elongate (Fig. 14J–K), antennomere VII thin and longer than VIII, XI elongate and oval; antennomere proportions (n=2): I 76/30: II 69/30: III 35/14: IV 45/13: V 58/14: VI 51/14:VII 70/19:VIII 63/21:IX 77/28: X 75/34: XI 101/40.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 15G–K). Punctation sparse and fine; pubescence sparse (Figs 14A, 15G, 18A). Hypomeron almost glabrous, with few coarse punctation (Fig. 16B), absent in some specimens (Fig. 16C). Prosternal process narrow and spinose (Fig. 15I). Profurca thin and elongate (Fig. 15K).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Figs 15G, L, 16A–C). Scutellum visible in dorsal view, wider than long (Fig. 15G); tip rounded; scutellar lines oblong laterally (Fig. 15L). Mesoventral lines angulate; coxal rests large; median lines short and open (Fig. 15M). Mesepimeron about 3.60 × as wide as long, and about 0.72 × the width of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 16B–C).</p><p>METATHORAX (Figs 15M, 16A–F). Metaventrite smooth, shining, and with little pubescence laterally (Fig. 16B–C). Submesocoxal lines arcuate and punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.03–0.04 mm (Figs 15M, 16B–C, 18C). Metanepisternal suture punctate, curvature variable (Figs 16B–C, 18C). Metanotum with large alacrista; scutoscutellar suture not trespassing apodeme (Fig. 16D). Stalk of metendosternite narrower than arms (Fig. 16E–F).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 14A, F, 16G–I, 18A). Elytra with coarse and sparse punctures; pubescence fine and sparse. Basal striae connected to sutural, impunctate, and reaching about basal mid-width of elytra (Fig. 15G). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and slightly curved near humeral region (Figs 14B, G, 18B).</p><p>LEGS. Elongate; femora with distinct strigulate microsculpture (Figs 14C, G, 16J–L, 18D–F).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventral surface shining, finely punctate; pubescence moderately dense and elongate (Figs 14B, G, 18B–C). Pro- and pygidium with fine and sparse pubescence (Figs 17A, 18J). Posterior area of ventrite I, ventrites II–VI, and tergites with imbricate microsculpture (Figs 14B, G, 18C).</p><p>Males</p><p>Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly widened, bearing few and elongate tenent setae (Fig. 16J–O). Sternite VIII with a distinct elongate posterior projection (Fig. 17B). Tergite VIII triangular, with a smooth posterior projection (Fig. 17C). Tergite IX with ventral struts curved, and forming an acute angle (Fig. 17D). Sternite IX with elongate anterior sclerotized projection (Fig. 17D–E). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 17D, F).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 17G–K). Median lobe poorly sclerotized and slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 17I). Parameres more sclerotized than apical lobe; almost parallel but apex slightly thinner. Sclerite of internal sac asymmetric and undefined (Fig. 17G–K).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =3, including holotype; in mm). TL 1.05–1.13 (1.08± 0.04),SY 0.11–0.13 (0.12 ± 0.01), HW 0.30–0.31 (0.30 ± 0.01), IS 0.13–0.14 (0.14 ± 0.01), WA 0.06–0.08 (0.07 ± 0.01), PL 0.40–0.45 (0.42 ± 0.03), PA 0.30–0.35 (0.32 ± 0.03), PB 0.59–0.60 (0.60 ± 0.01), SL 0.01–0.02 (0.02 ± 0.01), SW 0.04–0.05 (0.05 ±0.01), EI 0.64–0.70 (0.67 ±0.03), EL 0.75–0.78 (0.77 ± 0.02), EW 0.33–0.36 (0.35 ± 0.02), EH 0.26–0.35 (0.31 ± 0.05), MsW 0.18–0.20 (0.19± 0.01), MeL 0.03–0.04 (0.04 ± 0.01), MeW 0.13–0.15 (0.14± 0.01), MB 0.10–0.14 (0.13 ±0.02), MC 0.24–0.27 (0.26 ± 0.02), ML 0.03–0.04 (0.04± 0.01), VL 0.13–0.16 (0.15 ± 0.02), PrF 0.32–0.33 (0.32± 0.01), PrT 0.25–0.26 (0.26 ± 0.01), MsF 0.33–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.02), MsT 0.30–0.31 (0.31± 0.01), MtF 0.39–0.40 (0.40 ± 0.01), MtT 0.34–0.37 (0.36± 0.02).</p><p>Females (Fig. 18)</p><p>Ventrite and tergite VIII with a triangular posterior projection (Fig. 18K–L). Spermatheca elongate, filiform (Fig. 18M). Distal gonocoxite elongate and slightly curved; gonostylus 6× as long as wide (Fig. 18M–N).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =5; in mm). TL 1.00–1.18 (1.10 ± 0.06), SY 0.11–0.14 (0.13 ± 0.01), HW 0.29–0.32 (0.31± 0.01), IS 0.12–0.16 (0.14 ± 0.01), WA 0.07–0.08 (0.07 ± 0.01), PL 0.38–0.45 (0.42 ± 0.03), PA 0.29–0.39 (0.33± 0.04), PB 0.55–0.67 (0.62 ± 0.04), SL 0.01–0.02 (0.02± 0), SW 0.04–0.05 (0.05± 0.01), EI 0.64–0.74 (0.71 ±0.04), EL 0.72–0.82 (0.79 ± 0.04), EW 0.30–0.41 (0.35 ± 0.05), EH 0.27–0.36 (0.30 ± 0.04), MsW 0.16–0.22 (0.18± 0.02), MeL 0.03–0.05 (0.04 ± 0.01), MeW 0.13–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MB 0.11–0.14 (0.13 ±0.01), MC 0.22–0.32 (0.28± 0.04), ML 0.04, VL 0.15–0.17 (0.16± 0.01), PrF 0.31–0.35 (0.33± 0.02), PrT 0.24–0.28 (0.26 ± 0.02), MsF 0.33–0.40 (0.36± 0.03), MsT 0.30–0.33 (0.31 ± 0.02), MtF 0.38–0.45 (0.41 ±0.03), MtT 0.35–0.39 (0.37 ±0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected together from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa on a fallen  Pinus sp. tree (Fig. 1G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The ovipositor is similar to species belonging to  Xotidium Löbl, 1992 (Ogawa &amp; Löbl 2016), e.g.,  X. montanum (Löbl, 1971) . However,  B. facilis sp. nov. can be separated by the larger body and by the not approximate meso- and metacoxae.  Baeocera facilis can be easily distinguished from the other species of  Baeocera described in this manuscript by the femora with strigulate microsculpture and by the elongate distal gonocoxite and gonostylus in females.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFC7234914DA60B9FE0E69DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFC0237114256030FD626C6A.text	F46F87B6FFC0237114256030FD626C6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera inusitata Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera inusitata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FDC769FE-16E8-4DC5-BC8F-BD494B65DCE1</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 19–24, 93D</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.09–1.31 mm; body oblong; dark brown. Antennae elongate, almost reaching metacoxae. Mesepimeron about 4.5× as wide as long. Submesocoxal lines slightly arcuate, punctate; submesocoxal area short. Basal striae entire (connected to sutural and lateral ones). Parameres of aedeagus enlarged posteriorly in lateral view. Females with distal gonocoxite rounded cone-shaped, bearing one long apical seta; gonostylus absent.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘unusual’, referring to the distinctive morphology of the female ovipositor.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 19D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (3 ♂♂*, 2 ♂♂**, 1 ♀*); same collection data as for holotype; CELC •   8 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 26 Mar. 2022; “Falcon 26 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  •   5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 31 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 19 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa no tronco caído”; CELC  •  1 ♂, 5 ♀♀ (1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 14 Apr. 2022; Falcon 42; CELC •   3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (2 ♂♂ *, 2 ♀♀ *); Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  UFV, Mata da Biologia; 12 Apr. 2022; E. von Groll and G.J Figueiredo leg.; “Falcon 04 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa no tronco caído”; CELC  •   1 ♂; same data collection as for preceding; “Falcon 01 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa no tronco caído”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; antennomeres I–VI, tibiae, tarsi, apex of each abdominal ventrites light ochreous; coxae, femora, and clypeus dark ochreous (Fig. 19A–C, F). Variation: all structures paler.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 19F–M). Frons finely punctate; pubescence sparse (Fig. 19F). Labrum slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 19I). Mandibles strongly curved; tooth elongate (Fig. 19J–K). Last maxillary palpomere remarkably thin (Fig. 19L). Labial palpomere II shortened, wider than long; IV almost straight, thin; posterior portion of mentum with three concavities: one large in middle and two small laterally (Fig. 19M). Antennae (Fig. 19G–H) elongate, almost reaching metacoxae (Fig. 20I); antennomeres thin, antennomere VII slightly oblong; proportions (n=13): I 69/33: II 69/33: III 39/14: IV 48/14:V 59/14: VI 59/16:VII 58/22: VIII 78/26: IX 89/32:X 89/34: XI 95/35.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 20A–E). Shining, lacking microsculpture; punctation fine and moderately sparse. Pronotum with a distinct anterior bead (Fig. 20A). Prosternal process thick in lateral view (Fig. 20C). Profurca slightly robust and elongate (Fig. 20E).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 20F–I). Scutellum visible in dorsal view, wider than long (Fig. 20A); tip rounded (Fig. 20F). Mesoventral lines very curved; coxal rests large; median lines open (Fig. 20G). Mesepimeron about 4.5 × as wide as long, and about 0.73 × the width of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 20I).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 20G–L). Metaventrite smooth, shining, and with few pubescence laterally (Fig. 20I). Submesocoxal lines slightly arcuate coxae, punctate; submesocoxal area short, length: 0.02–0.04 mm (Figs 20G–I, 23C). Metanepisternal suture punctate, curvature variable (Figs 20I, 23C). Metanotum with trapezoidal alacrista and scutoscutellar suture just slightly longer than apodeme (Fig. 20J). Metendosternite with stalk and arms similar in thickness (Fig. 20K–L).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 19A, 21A–C, 23A). Elytra with coarse and moderately sparse punctures. Basal striae connected to sutural and lateral ones; all impunctate.</p><p>LEGS. Elongate, not microsculptured (Figs 21D–I, 23D–I).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines distinctly coarse punctate (Figs 20I, 23C). Ventral surface shining; pubescence sparse, denser posteriorly, punctures moderately coarse (Figs 19B–C, 23B). Ventrite I with (Fig. 19B) or without (Fig. 23B) a lateral curved impression – unrelated to sex, collection date, or life stage (including teneral specimens). Pro- and pygidium with hardly visible micropuncture; sparsely pubescent (Fig. 21J).</p><p>Males</p><p>Pro- and metatibiae slightly curved (Fig. 21D–E). Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly widened, protarsomeres bearing few and elongate tenent setae (Fig. 21G–H). Both sternite and tergite VIII with triangular-rounded posterior projection (Fig. 21K–L). Tergite IX with ventral struts curved (Fig. 21M). Sternite IX oblong (Fig. 21M). Tergite X wide and triangular.</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 22A–H). Median lobe slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 22C, H), basal bulb poorly sclerotized, apical lobe moderately sclerotized, almost same length as basal bulb. Parameres more (Fig. 22C) or less (Fig. 22H) wide posteriorly in lateral view. Sclerite of internal sac with two elongate and twisted sclerotized plates (Fig. 22E–G).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n=14, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n= 26) 1.11–1.27 (1.18± 0.04), SY 0.13–0.17 (0.14 ± 0.01), HW 0.31–0.36 (0.33 ± 0.01), IS (n =13) 0.14–0.18 (0.16 ±0.01), WA 0.08–0.12 (0.09 ± 0.01), PL 0.40–0.48 (0.44 ± 0.02), PA 0.35–0.42 (0.38 ± 0.02), PB 0.62–0.76 (0.68 ± 0.03), SL 0.01–0.02 (0.02 ± 0), SW 0.04–0.05 (0.05± 0), EI 0.71–0.83 (0.77 ± 0.04), EL 0.80–0.93 (0.86 ± 0.04), EW 0.33–0.43 (0.38± 0.03), EH 0.29–0.36 (0.33 ± 0.02), MsW 0.17–0.21 (0.19± 0.01), MeL 0.03–0.04 (0.03± 0), MeW 0.11–0.16 (0.14 ± 0.02), MB 0.11–0.16 (0.14 ± 0.01), MC 0.27–0.31 (0.29 ± 0.02), ML 0.03–0.04 (0.03 ± 0), VL 0.15–0.22 (0.18 ± 0.02), VL2 0.21–0.27 (0.24 ± 0.02), PrF 0.31–0.40 (0.36 ± 0.02), PrT 0.25–0.31 (0.28± 0.02), MsF 0.32–0.41 (0.37± 0.02), MsT 0.30–0.36 (0.32 ± 0.02), MtF 0.39–0.45 (0.42 ±0.02), MtT 0.35–0.44 (0.39 ±0.03).</p><p>Females (Figs 23–24)</p><p>Sternite VIII with a wide and rounded posterior projection (Fig. 23J). Tergite VIII triangular, lacking posterior projection (Fig. 23K). Distal gonocoxite rounded cone-shaped, bearing one long apical seta, gonostylus absent (Figs 23L–M, 24A–D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 14, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n= 22) 1.09–1.31 (1.22± 0.05), SY 0.13– 0.17 (0.15 ±0.01), HW 0.31–0.35 (0.33± 0.01), IS 0.15–0.20 (0.18 ±0.02), WA 0.08–0.12 (0.10 ± 0.01), PL 0.43–0.50 (0.47± 0.02), PA 0.35–0.42 (0.39 ±0.02), PB (n =12) 0.65–0.75 (0.70 ± 0.03), SL 0.02– 0.03 (0.02 ±0), SW 0.04–0.06 (0.05 ±0), EI 0.70–0.86 (0.80 ±0.05), EL 0.81–0.95 (0.89 ±0.04), EW 0.34–0.44 (0.38 ± 0.03), EH 0.29–0.39 (0.35 ± 0.03), MsW 0.17–0.22 (0.19± 0.01), MeL (n=13) 0.03–0.04 (0.03 ±0), MeW (n=13) 0.13–0.17 (0.14 ±0.01), MB 0.13–0.18 (0.15 ± 0.01), MC 0.27– 0.32 (0.3 ±0.01), ML 0.02–0.04 (0.03 ± 0), VL 0.11–0.22 (0.19 ± 0.03), VL2 0.22–0.27 (0.25± 0.02), PrF 0.34–0.41 (0.37 ± 0.02), PrT 0.26–0.32 (0.29 ±0.02), MsF 0.36–0.40 (0.39 ±0.01), MsT 0.31–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.02), MtF 0.41–0.47 (0.44 ± 0.02), MtT 0.35–0.45 (0.41 ± 0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa on a fallen  Pinus sp. (Fig. 1G) and other two logs, also covered with  C. fruticulosa (Fig. 93D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is similar to  B. colibri sp. nov. but differs mainly by the entire basal striae, and by the more elongate antennae, with thinner antennomeres. Other differences are the very short submesocoxal area and the much thinner last maxillary palpomere. Regarding the genitalia,  B. inusitata sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from  B. colibri sp. nov. by the straight parameres in males and by the distinct shape of the ovipositor in females. The absence of gonostylus was also recorded to the  B. lenta species group (e.g.,  B. caliginosa Löbl, 1984) (Ogawa &amp; Löbl 2013) but  B. inusitata sp. nov. differs by the much shorter distal gonocoxite.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso and Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFC0237114256030FD626C6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFF82371143764AEFD796F23.text	F46F87B6FFF82371143764AEFD796F23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera ardua Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera ardua species group</p><p>Group formed by four species with small body, dark brown colouration, submesocoxal lines arcuate, flagellum elongate, basal striae connected to the sutural one, but not to the lateral, and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFF82371143764AEFD796F23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFF8237A14DA674EFE0E688F.text	F46F87B6FFF8237A14DA674EFE0E688F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera ardua Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera ardua sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2B0B23CC-680A-44F3-86B5-32EDD6D5F138</p><p>Figs 1A–B, G, 25–28</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Small, body length: 1.11 mm. Not strongly oblong in dorsal view; dark brown. Mesepimeron width approximately 0.75 of the mesanepisternum width, and 3.18 × as wide as long. Submesocoxal lines arcuate and punctate. Basal striae connected to sutural and reaching approximately the outer 2.12/3 of the basal width. Parameres thin, lobed posteriorly, tip oblong. Female unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Portuguese adjective in apposition, meaning ‘difficult’, ‘hard’, referring to the challenging study of this morphologically uniform group, and in particular this species.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 10 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 26 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus / Dissecado em 21.x.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 25D–E)</p><p>Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♂ **; same collection data as for holotype; CELC .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; mouthparts, antennomeres I–VI, and legs ochreous; tarsi, posterior part of abdominal ventrites yellow (Fig. 25A–C, F).</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 25F–O). Frons finely punctate; pubescence fine (Fig. 25F). Labrum almost straight posteriorly; laterals rounded (Fig. 25J). Mandibles not strongly curved; tooth somewhat elongate (Fig. 25K–L). Maxillary palpomere III somewhat oblong (Fig. 25M). Labial palpomeres elongate and very thin; palpomere II curved; mentum concave posteriorly (Fig. 25N). Gular pores absent (Fig. 25O). Antennae (Fig. 25H–I) elongate, antennomeres III–VI thick; antennomere VII longer than VIII; XI elongate, with sides parallel; antennomere proportions (n= 2): I 75/32: II 62/32: III 33/14:IV 47/14: V 51/15: VI 47/16:VII 57/22: VIII 50/23: IX 72/33:X 75/38: XI 110/34.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 26A–E, I). Punctation moderately sparse and fine; pubescence sparse (Fig. 26A). Pronotum constricted laterally. Hypomeron poorly pubescent (Fig. 26I). Prosternal process strongly acute in lateral view (Fig. 26C). Profurca tapering apically (Fig. 26E).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 26F–I). Scutellum visible in dorsal view, wider than long; tip rounded (Fig. 26F). Mesoventral lines strongly curved (Fig. 26G). Mesepimeron about 3.18 × as wide as long, and about 0.75× the width of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 26I). Mesoventral process truncated in lateral view (Fig. 26H).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 26G–I). Metaventrite smooth, shining, pubescence moderately sparse laterally (Fig. 26I). Submesocoxal lines arcuate and punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.05–0.06 mm (Fig. 26G–I). Metanepisternal suture dashed, curvature variable (Fig. 26H–I). Metanotum with alacrista trapezoidal-shaped, with distinct sides; scutoscutellar suture elongate and slightly longer than apodeme (Fig. 26J). Stalk of metendosternite narrower than arms (Fig. 27A–B).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 25A, 27C–D). Elytra tapering toward apex; punctation moderately coarse and sparse. Basal striae connected to sutural, impunctate, and reaching approximately the outer 2.12/3 of the basal width (Fig. 26A). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and curved near humeral region (Fig. 26I).</p><p>LEGS. Thin, elongate, not microsculptured</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines with sparse and coarse punctures (Figs 25B, 26I). Ventral surface shining; pubescence dense; punctures fine. Propygidium dense and coarsely punctate; micropunctured; pubescence dense (Fig. 28A).</p><p>Males Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 27F–K). Sternite VIII with a large posterior projection (Fig. 28B). Tergite VIII with a small posterior projection (Fig. 28C). Tergite IX with strongly curved ventral struts (Fig. 28D). Sternite IX slightly constricted centrally, microsculptured (Fig. 28E). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 28F).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 28G–Q). Median lobe poorly sclerotized; basal bulb longer than apical lobe; apex truncate (Fig. 28H). Parameres also poorly sclerotized, but more than median lobe; thin, with a lobe near apex, tip wide (Fig. 28G, J, N–O). Sclerite of internal sac with distinct curvatures, flagellum thin (Fig. 28K–M, P–Q).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 2, including holotype; in mm; * =invariant). TL 1.11 *, SY 0.10 *, HW 0.31–0.32 (0.32 ± 0.01), IS 0.15–0.16(0.16 ±0.01),WA 0.07 *, PL 0.43–0.44(0.44 ± 0.01),PA 0.31–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.04), PB 0.63–0.67 (0.65 ± 0.03), SL 0.02 *, SW 0.04 *, EI 0.69–0.70 (0.70 ± 0.01), EL 0.76–0.78 (0.77± 0.01), EW 0.32–0.34 (0.33± 0.01), EH 0.30–0.33 (0.32 ± 0.02), MsW 0.15–0.16 (0.16 ±0.01), MeL 0.04–0.05 (0.05 ± 0.01), MeW 0.12 *, MB 0.10 *, MC 0.27–0.28 (0.28± 0.01), ML 0.05–0.06 (0.06 ± 0.01), VL 0.13– 0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), PrF 0.29–0.30 (0.30 ± 0.01), PrT 0.24 *, MsF 0.32–0.37 (0.35± 0.04), MsT 0.29 *, MtF 0.38 *, MtT 0.35–0.36 (0.36 ± 0.01).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa on a fallen  Pinus sp. tree (Fig. 1G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  B. bottine sp. nov. but differs by the smaller size, the submetacoxal line less arcuate, the femora not distinctly darker near the coxae, the slender antennomeres, and by the more elongate and parallel antennomere XI. Regarding the male terminalia,  B. ardua sp. nov. can be separated by the wider apical projection of sternite VIII, the more parallel sides of tergite IX, and by the lobed parameres.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFF8237A14DA674EFE0E688F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFF3236514D160FFFE0E68A6.text	F46F87B6FFF3236514D160FFFE0E68A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera bottine Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera bottine sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8ECC11F2-94CB-49C9-8EB6-6688882705A1</p><p>Figs 1A–B, G, 29–33</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.16–1.22 mm. Dark brown; legs ochreous, femora darker on anterior ⅔.Antennomeres IX– XI oblong. Mesepimeron width approximately 0.62 of the mesanepisternum width, and 2.90 × as wide as long. Submesocoxal lines arcuate, punctate; submesocoxal area = 0.05 mm. Basal striae connected to sutural and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width. Aedeagus with thin parameres, with a shallow lobe near apex in frontal view. Tergite VIII in females with posterior projection. Distal gonocoxite triangular, elongate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a French noun in apposition, meaning ‘boot’, in allusion to the female ovipositor’s resemblance to Victorian ladies’ boots.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 14 Apr. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 42 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa em  Pinus / Dissecado em 21.x.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 29D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀ **; same collection data as for holotype; 10 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 26 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  •   1 ♀ **; same collection data as for holotype; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; mouthparts and tarsi yellow; antennae, posterior area of femora, and tibiae, ochreous; frons, coxae, and anterior ⅔ of femora dark ochreous (Fig. 29A–C, F–G, 32A–D, 33G). Variations: (1): all structures paler; (2) abdominal ventrites III–VI ochreous (Figs 29G, 33H). Colouration of legs varies with viewing angle; for example, Figures 29G and 33G show the same specimen photographed at different angles. In Figure 33G, the leg coloration appears darker and more accurate.</p><p>HEAD (Figs 29H–M, 30A–G). Frons with sparse punctures; one fovea above each eye. Labrum almost straight posteriorly (Fig. 30A). Maxillary palpomere III elongate and not distinctly curved; IV, thin (Fig. 30D, G). Labial palpomere II curved; mentum slightly concave posteriorly (Fig. 30E, G). Gular pores sparse (Fig. 30F). Antennae not distinctly elongate (Fig. 29K–M). Antennomere VII just slightly longer than VIII; IX–XI oblong; antennomere proportions (n=3): I 71/32: II 63/32: III 30/15: IV 39/14: V 45/14: VI 39/15: VII 46/22:VIII 44/22: IX 62/35: X 64/38: XI 90/40.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 30H–M). Punctation sparse; pubescence short. Hypomeron subglabrous, impunctate (Fig. 31D–E). Prosternal process acute in lateral view (Fig. 30L). Profurca thin and short (Fig. 30M).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 31A–E). Scutellum visible in dorsal view (Fig. 30H), wider than long; slightly triangular (Fig. 31A). Mesoventral lines smoothly curved (Fig. 31B). Median lines curved and open (Fig. 31B). Mesepimeron 2.90 × as wide as long and about 0.62 × the width of the mesanepisternum; variations: 2.33 × as wide as long and about 0.67 × the width of the mesanepisternum. (Fig. 31D–E). Mesoventral process oblong in lateral view (Fig. 31C).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 31B–C). Metaventrite smooth, shining, pubescence moderately sparse. Submesocoxal lines strongly arcuate; punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.05–0.06 mm (Fig. 31D–E). Metanepisternal suture dashed, more or less convex (Fig. 31D–E). Metanotum with alacrista trapezoidal-shaped, longer than wide; scutoscutellar suture lateral end at same position as apodeme (Fig. 31F). Arms of metendosternite slightly thicker than stalk (Fig. 31G–H).</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 29A, F, I–K). Elytra with sparse and fine punctures – similar to pronotum; pubescence short. Basal striae connected to sutural, impunctate, and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width (Fig. 29F). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and curved near humeral region (Fig. 29C, G).</p><p>LEGS. Thin, elongate, not microsculptured (Figs 32A–C, 33A–F).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines coarse punctate (Fig. 29B, G). Ventrite I shining; pubescence dense; finely punctate. Propygidium dense and coarsely punctate; micropunctured; pubescence dense (Figs 32D, 33H).</p><p>Males</p><p>Protibiae slightly curved (Fig. 32A). Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 32A–B). Sternite VIII with an acute posterior projection (Fig. 32E). Tergite VIII with a small projection (Fig. 32F). Tergite IX with curved ventral struts (Fig. 32G). Sternite IX elongate and oblong posteriorly (Fig. 32H). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 32I).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 32J–O). Median lobe slightly curved in lateral view; basal bulb similar in length as apical lobe, and poorly sclerotized; apical lobe more sclerotized (Fig. 32J–L). Parameres thin and parallel, with a small posterior constriction in frontal view (Fig. 32J). Sclerite of internal sac curved, flagellum thin and very elongate (Fig. 32M–O).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n=1, holotype; in mm). TL 1.16, SY 0.12, HW 0.32, IS 0.14, WA 0.06, PL 0.49, PA 0.32, PB 0.66, SL 0.01, SW 0.04, EI 0.76, EL 0.81, EW 0.37, EH 0.32, MsW 0.17, MeL 0.04, MeW 0.16, MB 0.10, MC 0.27, ML 0.05, VL 0.14, PrF 0.27, PrT 0.20, MsF 0.32, MsT 0.28, MtF 0.37, MtT 0.32.</p><p>Females (Figs 29L–M, 33)</p><p>Antennomeres VI–X thicker than those of males (Fig. 29L–M). Ventrite and tergite VIII with a triangular posterior projection (Fig. 33I–J). Spermatheca filiform (Fig. 33K). Distal gonocoxite triangular and distinctly longer than wide, gonostylus rectangular (Fig. 33K–M).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =2; in mm; * =invariant). TL 1.22 *, SY 0.11 *, HW 0.32–0.34 (0.33 ± 0.01), IS 0.15– 0.16 (0.16± 0.01), WA 0.08–0.10 (0.09 ±0.01), PL 0.47–0.51 (0.49 ± 0.03), PA 0.35 *, PB 0.69–0.70 (0.70 ± 0.01), SL 0.02–0.03 (0.03± 0.01), SW 0.05–0.06 (0.06 ± 0.01), EI 0.76–0.77 (0.77 ± 0.01), EL 0.83–0.85 (0.84 ± 0.01), EW 0.38–0.40 (0.39± 0.01), EH 0.36–0.38 (0.37 ± 0.01), MsW 0.17–0.18 (0.18 ± 0.01), MeL 0.03–0.04 (0.04± 0.01), MeW 0.12–0.17 (0.15± 0.04), MB 0.11–0.12 (0.12± 0.01), MC 0.27–0.28 (0.28± 0.01), ML 0.05–0.06 (0.06 ± 0.01), VL 0.18–0.19 (0.19 ±0.01), PrF 0.29 *, PrT 0.21–0.22 (0.22 ±0.01), MsF 0.34–0.35 (0.35± 0.01), MsT 0.24–0.27 (0.26 ± 0.02), MtF 0.36–0.37 (0.37 ± 0.01), MtT 0.31–0.32 (0.32 ±0.01).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa on a fallen  Pinus sp. tree (Fig. 1G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  B. pulga sp. nov. but differs by the smaller body length, the more oblong antennomeres VII– XI, the spoon-like sternite IX, the more parallel parameres, the curved sclerite of internal sac, and the more elongate distal gonocoxite in females.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFF3236514D160FFFE0E68A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFEC236C14D760C5FD606BB9.text	F46F87B6FFEC236C14D760C5FD606BB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera colibri Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera colibri sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9216244A-A10C-4B93-8894-7148CF8DC7EE</p><p>Figs 1A–D, G, 34–38</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.08–1.22 mm; oblong. Dark brown. Mesepimeron approximately 0.65 the width of the mesanepisternum, and 2.75 × as wide as long. Submesocoxal lines strongly arcuate, punctate. Basal striae connected to sutural and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width. Propygidium dense and coarsely punctate. Aedeagus with parameres strongly sinuous, constricted posteriorly; sclerites twisted, hummingbird-shaped. Tergite VIII in females lacking posterior projection. Distal gonocoxite robust.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Spanish noun in apposition, meaning ‘hummingbird’, alluding to the hummingbirdlike male sclerite of the internal sac.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 06 / Fotos: 0751-0753 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 34D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀ **); same collection data as for holotype; CELC •   1 ♀ *; same collection data as for holotype; “Fungo 31 / Em  Xylodon flaviporus ”; CELC  •   4 ♂♂ (1 ♂ *), 1 ♀ *, 2 ex.; same collection data as for holotype; “Fungo 10 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa ”; CELC  •   1 ♂ *, 1 ♀, 1 ex.; same collection data as for holotype; 14 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 34 / Fotos: 0783-0790; Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa ”; CELC  •   1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *; same collection data as for holotype; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown, with reddish nuances, angle dependent; clypeus, coxae, tip of elytra, and anterior part of femora ochreous; antennomeres I–VI, mouthparts, tibiae, apex of each ventral ventrite, and tarsi yellow (Figs 34A–C, F–G, 38A–C). Variations: sclerites from light to dark brown.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 34F–N). Frons with punctation sparse, some coarser than other (Fig. 34F–G). Labrum straight posteriorly (Fig. 34J). Mandibles with tooth not distinctly elongate (Fig. 34K–L). Maxillary palpomere III somewhat oblong, IV thick (Fig. 34M). Labial palpomere II elongate; IV thin and curved; mentum concave posteriorly (Fig. 34N). Antennomeres VII and XI elongate (Fig. 34H–I); antennomere proportions (n =6): I 74/30:II 57/27: III 31/14: IV 37/14:V 42/14:VI 39/16:VII 43/22:VIII 45/24: IX 71/36: X 73/38: XI 106/39.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 35A–E). Punctation sparse and fine; pubescence sparse and short. Hypomeron subglabrous, impunctate (Figs 34B, 38B). Prosternal process distinctly elongate and spinose in lateral view (Fig. 35C). Profurca short and thick (Fig. 35E).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 35F–J). Scutellum visible in dorsal view, wider than long; tip rounded (Fig. 35A). Mesoventral lines curved; median lines short, straight, and open (Fig. 35G). Mesepimeron 2.75 × as wide as long and about 0.65 × the width of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 35G–J). Mesoventral process with a small posterior ridge (Fig. 35H).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 35G–N). Metaventrite smooth, shining, pubescence moderately sparse laterally (Fig. 35I–J). Submesocoxal lines strongly arcuate, punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.04–0.07 mm (Fig. 35G–J). Metanepisternal suture dashed, with variable curvature (Fig. 35I–J). Metanotum with alacrista trapezoidal-shaped; scutoscutellar suture short, and not trespassing apodeme (Fig. 35K–L). Stalk of metendosternite slightly narrower than arms (Fig. 35M–N).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 34A, 36A–B, 38A). Elytra dense and coarsely punctured. Basal striae connected to sutural, impunctate, and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width (Fig. 35A). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and curved near humeral region (Fig. 34B).</p><p>LEGS. Thin, elongate, not microsculptured (Figs 36D–I, 38D–I).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines with coarse punctures (Fig. 35I–J). Ventral surface shining; pubescence dense; punctures fine (Fig. 35I–J). Propygidium dense and coarsely punctate; micropunctured; pubescence dense (Figs 36J, 38J).</p><p>Males</p><p>Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 36G–I). Sternite VIII with an elongate posterior projection (Fig. 36K). Tergite VIII triangular with a smooth and wide posterior projection (Fig. 36L). Tergite IX with curved ventral struts. Sternite IX constricted centrally (Fig. 36M). Tergite X triangular, wide (Fig. 36M).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 37A–N). Median lobe with basal bulb larger than apical lobe; apical lobe bent and moderately sclerotized. Parameres distinctly sclerotized and sinuous in frontal view; with a constriction near apex (Fig. 37B). Internal sac formed by a twisted sclerite that forms a short and curved main structure; terminal part of flagellum extending obliquely from main part, that resembles a hummingbird (Fig. 37E–G, J, N).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 9, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL 1.08–1.22 (1.18± 0.04), SY (n=8) 0.08–0.12 (0.11 ±0.01), HW (n=8) 0.30–0.35 (0.33 ± 0.02), IS (n=8) 0.15–0.18 (0.17 ±0.01), WA (n = 8) 0.06–0.10 (0.08 ± 0.01), PL 0.43–0.51 (0.47± 0.03), PA 0.33–0.39 (0.35 ±0.02), PB 0.64– 0.72 (0.68± 0.03), SL 0.02–0.03 (0.02± 0), SW (n=8) 0.04–0.05 (0.04 ± 0), EI 0.68–0.78 (0.75± 0.03), EL 0.74–0.85 (0.82± 0.03), EW 0.34–0.40 (0.37 ± 0.02), EH 0.33–0.38 (0.36 ±0.02), MsW 0.15–0.18 (0.17± 0.01), MeL 0.04–0.05 (0.04± 0), MeW 0.11–0.15 (0.13 ± 0.01), MB 0.09–0.12 (0.10 ± 0.01), MC 0.25–0.30 (0.28± 0.02), ML 0.05–0.07 (0.06± 0.01), VL 0.13–0.18 (0.15 ± 0.01), PrF 0.29–0.34 (0.31 ± 0.02), PrT 0.20–0.29 (0.24± 0.03), MsF (n=8) 0.32–0.37 (0.35± 0.01), MsT 0.28–0.32 (0.30 ± 0.02), MtF 0.35–0.41 (0.39 ±0.02), MtT 0.32–0.37 (0.35 ±0.02).</p><p>Females (Fig. 38)</p><p>Ventrite VIII with a triangular posterior projection (Fig. 38K). Tergite VIII triangular, lacking a posterior projection (Fig. 38L). Bursa copulatrix with small sclerites (Fig. 38N). Spermatheca filiform (Fig. 38M). Distal gonocoxite triangular, robust; gonostylus elongate (Fig. 38M–N).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 9, unless otherwise specified in mm). TL 1.11–1.25 (1.20± 0.04), SY 0.10–0.12 (0.11 ±0.01), HW 0.32–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.01), IS 0.16–0.19 (0.17 ± 0.01), WA 0.07–0.10 (0.08 ±0.01), PL 0.43–0.51 (0.48±0.03), PA 0.35–0.38 (0.36 ± 0.01), PB 0.64–0.76 (0.70 ± 0.04), SL (n =7) 0.02–0.03 (0.02 ± 0), SW (n =8) 0.03–0.06 (0.04 ± 0.01), EI 0.73–0.80 (0.76 ± 0.03), EL 0.78–0.88 (0.84 ± 0.03), EW (n=8) 0.34–0.42 (0.38± 0.03), EH (n =8) 0.34–0.42 (0.37 ± 0.03), MsW 0.14–0.20 (0.17 ± 0.02), MeL 0.04–0.05 (0.04 ± 0), MeW (n =8) 0.10–0.15 (0.13 ± 0.02), MB 0.09–0.14 (0.11 ±0.02), MC 0.24–0.32 (0.28± 0.03), ML 0.04–0.06 (0.05 ± 0.01), VL 0.12–0.17 (0.15 ± 0.02), PrF (n =8) 0.26–0.32 (0.3 ± 0.02), PrT 0.20–0.25 (0.23 ± 0.02), MsF 0.32–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.01), MsT 0.27–0.30 (0.29± 0.01), MtF (n =8) 0.35–0.41 (0.38± 0.02), MtT 0.31–0.36 (0.35± 0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa on a fallen  Pinus sp.,  Xylodon flaviporus (Berk. &amp; M.A.Curtis ex Cooke) Riebesehl &amp; Langer ( Schizoporaceae), and from unknown fungi on logs (Fig. 1G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  B. pulga sp. nov. and  B. bottine sp. nov. Differs by the more robust body, the coarser and denser elytral punctures, and by the shape of the antennomeres. The male terminalia can be distinguished by the strongly sinuous parameres, which bear a distinct posterior constriction. Females are distinguished by tergite IX lacking a posterior projection, and by the less elongate distal gonocoxite.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso and Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFEC236C14D760C5FD606BB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFE5231714D863D4FE0E6BCF.text	F46F87B6FFE5231714D863D4FE0E6BCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baeocera pulga Groll 2025	<div><p>Baeocera pulga sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DD0E4C47-48F1-4615-A269-D62D7A1B01D4</p><p>Figs 1A–B, G, 39–43</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.23–1.25 mm; moderately oblong. Dark brown. Antennomeres VII and VIII oblong, IX– XI distinctly larger than remaining. Mesepimeron 0.73 the width of the mesanepisternum, and 2.73 × as wide as long. Submesocoxal lines strongly arcuate, punctate. Basal striae connected to sutural and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width. Aedeagus with parameres sinuous. Internal sac formed by twisted sclerites that form an elongate and just slightly curved shape; terminal part of flagellum extends at a right angle from main part, forming an ‘L-shaped’ structure. Tergite VIII in females with a small posterior projection. Distal gonocoxite triangular, moderately elongate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Portuguese noun in apposition, referring to friends’ humorous observations that the author studies fleas rather than beetles.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 20 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 39D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 3 ♂♂ (1 ♂ *, 1 ♂ **); same collection data as for holotype; 10 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 26 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  •   1 ♀ *; same collection data as for holotype; “Falcon 42 / Em  Ceratiomyxia fruticulosa em  Pinus ”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; clypeus, tip of elytra, and femora dark ochreous; antennomeres, mouthparts, tibiae, apex of each ventral ventrite, and tarsi yellow (Figs 39A–C, 43A–D). Variations: brown, with ochreous parts paler.</p><p>HEAD (Figs 39H–K, 40A–E). Frons with punctation sparse and fine. Labrum curved posteriorly (Fig. 40A). Maxillary palpomeres elongate and moderately thin (Fig. 40D). Labial palpomeres distinctly thin and curved; mentum concave posteriorly (Fig. 40E). Antennomeres VII and VIII oblong (Fig. 39J– K); antennomere proportions (n =2): I 69/32:II 68/34: III 33/17: IV 36/16: V 42/16:VI 37/17: VII 47/27: VIII 45/29: IX 69/44:X 76/44: XI 110/44.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 40F–J). Punctation sparse and very fine; pubescence sparse. Hypomeron subglabrous, impunctate (Fig. 40N). Prosternal process distinctly elongate and spinose in lateral view (Fig. 40H). Profurca thin (Fig. 40J).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 40K–N). Scutellum visible in dorsal view (Fig. 40F), wider than long; tip rounded (Fig. 40K). Mesoventral lines smoothy curved; median lines closed (Fig. 40L). Mesepimeron 2.73 × as wide as long and about 0,73 × the width of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 40N). Mesoventral process with a posterior ridge in lateral view (Fig. 40M).</p><p>METATHORAX (Figs 40L–N, 41A–C). Metaventrite smooth, shining, pubescence moderately sparse (Fig. 40N). Submesocoxal lines arcuate and punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.04–0.06 mm (Fig. 40L–M). Metanepisternal suture punctate, more or less convex (Fig. 40N). Metanotum with alacrista trapezoidal-shaped; scutoscutellar suture trespassing the apodeme (Fig. 41A). Arms of metendosternite slightly ticker than stalk (Fig. 41B–C).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 39A–C, F–G, 41D–F). Elytra with coarse and sparse punctures – coarser than pronotum. Basal striae connected to sutural, impunctate, and reaching approximately the outer ⅔ of the basal width (Fig. 40F). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and curved near humeral region (Fig. 40N).</p><p>LEGS. Thin, elongate, not microsculptured (Figs 41G–L, 43C–D).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventrite I with (Fig. 39C) or without (Fig. 43B) a lateral curved impression – unrelated to sex, collection date, or life stage (including teneral specimens). Submetacoxal lines coarse punctate (Figs 39B, 43B). Ventral surface shining; pubescence dense; punctures fine (Figs 39B, 43B). Propygidium dense and coarsely punctate; micropunctured; pubescence dense (Figs 42A, 43E).</p><p>Males</p><p>Tibiae slightly arcuate (Fig. 41G–I). Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 41J–L). Sternite VIII with a large triangular posterior projection (Fig. 42B). Tergite VIII triangular, lacking posterior projection (Fig. 42C). Tergite IX with curved ventral struts (Fig. 42D–E). Sternite IX somewhat acute posteriorly, elongate (Fig. 42F). Tergite X triangular, wide (Fig. 42G).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 42H–R). Median lobe with basal bulb membranous, oval, and longer than apical lobe; apical lobe bent in lateral view (Fig. 42J, Q). Parameres thin and sinuous in frontal view (Fig. 42I, P). Internal sac formed by a twisted sclerite that forms an elongate and just slightly curved main structure; terminal part of flagellum extending at a right angle from main part, forming an ‘L-shaped’ structure (Fig. 42L–N, Q–R).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 4, including holotype). TL 1.23–1.27 (1.25± 0.01), SY 0.10–0.11 (0.11± 0.01), HW 0.35–0.36 (0.35± 0.01), IS 0.16–0.18 (0.17 ± 0.01), WA 0.07–0.12 (0.09 ± 0.02), PL 0.51–0.55 (0.53 ± 0.02), PA 0.35–0.40 (0.37 ± 0.02), PB 0.72–0.76 (0.74 ± 0.02), SL 0.02–0.03 (0.02 ± 0.01), SW 0.04–0.05 (0.05 ±0.01), EI 0.75–0.80 (0.78 ±0.02), EL 0.87–0.90 (0.88 ± 0.01), EW 0.39–0.44 (0.41 ± 0.02), EH 0.32–0.38 (0.36 ± 0.03), MsW 0.19–0.20 (0.20± 0.01), MeL 0.03–0.05 (0.04 ± 0.01), MeW 0.14–0.15 (0.15±0.01), MB 0.11–0.14 (0.13± 0.01), MC 0.26–0.30 (0.28 ±0.02), ML 0.04–0.06 (0.05 ±0.01), VL 0.16–0.17 (0.17 ± 0.01), PrF 0.31–0.32 (0.32 ±0.01), PrT 0.23–0.25 (0.24 ± 0.01), MsF 0.34–0.35 (0.35 ± 0.01), MsT 0.28–0.32 (0.30 ± 0.02), MtF 0.39–0.41 (0.41± 0.01), MtT 0.32–0.37 (0.35± 0.02).</p><p>Female (Fig. 43)</p><p>Antennae thicker than those of the males (Fig. 39K). Sternite VIII with a triangular posterior projection (Fig. 43F). Tergite VIII elongate, bearing a small posterior triangular projection (Fig. 43G). Spermatheca filiform. Triangular distal gonocoxite; gonostylus rectangular (Fig. 43H–I).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =1; in mm). TL 1.25, SY 0.12, HW 0.34, IS 0.19, WA 0.11, PL 0.50, PA 0.36, PB 0.72, SL 0.02, SW 0.04, EI 0.77, EL 0.83, EW 0.40, EH 0.36, MsW 0.20, MeL 0.04, MeW 0.14, MB 0.12, MC 0.30, ML 0.05, VL 0.15, PrF 0.30, PrT 0.25, MsF 0.34, MsT 0.30, MtF 0.40, MtT 0.38.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa on a fallen  Pinus sp. tree (Fig. 1G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Resembles  B. bottine sp. nov. and  B. colibri sp. nov. Differs from both species by the oblong antennomeres VII and VIII, and by the more elongate and thinner last labial palpomere. It differs from  B. bottine by the more sinuous parameres in frontal view, the shorter flagellum, and the less curved sclerite of internal sac. It can be distinguished from  B. colibri by the straighter parameres, lacking a distinct posterior constriction. Females can be distinguished by the proportions of the distal gonocoxite: not distinctly elongate as  B. bottine, and not strongly robust as  B. colibri .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFE5231714D863D4FE0E6BCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF9E23141409623FFEFA6B97.text	F46F87B6FF9E23141409623FFEFA6B97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphisoma Leach 1815	<div><p>Genus  Scaphisoma Leach, 1815</p><p>Figs 2C, H, 44–64</p><p>Scaphisoma Leach, 1815: 89 .</p><p>Type species:  Silpha agaricina Linnaeus, 1758; by monotypy.</p><p>Scaphosoma Agassiz, 1846: 332 .</p><p>Caryoscapha Ganglbauer, 1899: 343 (as subgenus of  Scaphisoma). Type species:  Scaphisoma limbatum Erichson, 1945; by monotypy.</p><p>Scaphiomicrus Casey, 1900: 58 . Type species:  Scaphisoma pusilla LeConte, 1860; by original designation.</p><p>Pseudoscaphosoma Pic, 1915b: 31 . Type species:  Pseudoscaphosoma testaceomaculatum Pic, 1915; by original designation.</p><p>Scutoscaphosoma Pic, 1916a: 3 (as subgenus of  Scaphosoma). Type species:  Scaphisoma (Scutoscaphosoma) rouyeri Pic, 1916a; by monotypy.</p><p>Scaphella Achard, 1924: 29 . Type species:  Scaphisoma antennatum Achard, 1920; by original designation.</p><p>Macrobaeocera Pic, 1925: 195 . Type species:  Scaphisoma phungi Pic, 1922, by monotypy.</p><p>Macroscaphosoma Pic, 1928a: 33 . Type species:  Macroscaphosoma collarti Pic, 1928; by monotypy.</p><p>Mimoscaphosoma Pic, 1928b: 49 (as subgenus of  Scaphisoma). Type species:  Scaphisoma bruchi Pic, 1928; by original designation.</p><p>Metalloscapha Löbl, 1975a:384 . Type species:  Metalloscapha papua Löbl, 1975; by original designation.</p><p>[ Macroscaphosoma Löbl, 1997: xi. Type species  Macroscaphosoma collarti Pic, 1928 (credited to Löbl 1970)].</p><p>Scaphisoma, with approximately 800 species, is the largest genus of  Scaphidiinae . However, it is likely that this number, as with other  Scaphidiinae genera, is still underestimated, especially in Brazil. The Brazilian fauna comprises only seven known species – a number that is now understood (pers. obs.) to be substantially divergent from reality. With continued research on  Scaphidiinae, this number should increase exponentially.. To exemplify, in less than 30 short field trips it was possible to collect more than 500 specimens; and about 200 still need to be studied.</p><p>General description (* = variable characters within the genera, but not variable in the species below; Löbl &amp; Leschen 2003b; Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005)</p><p>HEAD. Labral setae simple* (Fig. 45E). Mandible unidentate; lacking serrations* (Fig. 45F–G). Maxillary palp normal; galea wide, with radulate brush; lacinia with basal setae (Fig. 45H). Setae on adoral surface of hypopharynx setose; last labial palpomere curved and thick (Fig. 45I). Eyes notched*. Antennomere III short and triangular (Fig. 2C). Gular pores present*. Frontoclypeal suture present (Fig. 45A).</p><p>PROTHORAX. Prepectus present. Hypomeron visible in lateral view; extending beyond pronotum* (Fig. 44B). Prothoracic angle acute. Prothoracic corbiculum absent (Fig. 46B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral process paxillate (Fig. 46E). Scutellum tip exposed*. Mesoventral lines not connecting to mesocoxal cavity. Mesepimeron exposed* (Fig. 45J). Meso- and metaventrite fused (Fig. 46D).</p><p>METATHORAX. Metepimeron and metanepisternum exposed; metepimeral lines impunctate (Fig. 46F). Intercoxal plates absent. Metacoxal process digitate. Metaventral setose patch absent*.</p><p>WINGS. Lateral striae present. Elytral apical serration present (Fig. 47H). Hind wings developed (Fig. 46L).</p><p>LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium present (Fig. 2H, 44C). Mesotibiae with two apical spines.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines punctate* (Fig. 47G). Membranes of abdominal ventrites lacking brick-wall pattern.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF9E23141409623FFEFA6B97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF9D231C143963F1FF54685F.text	F46F87B6FF9D231C143963F1FF54685F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphisoma hilarum Groll 2025	<div><p>Scaphisoma hilarum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2467E5AF-9F4A-49B8-926C-C6027AA689B8</p><p>Figs 1A–B, E–F, 44–49, 94C–D</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.25–1.41 mm. Blackish. Each elytron with a large dark ochreous macula, near apex yellow. Basal striae absent; adsutural area notably widened and not angulate anteriorly. Clypeus, coxae, femora, metaventrite, and abdomen with strigulate microsculpture. Aedeagus with trifid apex. Females with distal gonocoxite thick.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘cheerful’, ‘merry’, referring to its merry colouration.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  UFV, Vila Gianetti; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 43 / Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae) / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 44D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂; 1 ♀ (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype; 10 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 36/ Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae)”; CELC  •   2 ♂♂; 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 10 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 42 / Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae)”; CELC  •   3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 23 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 42 / Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae)”; CELC  •   1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 23 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 36 / Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae)”; CELC  •  4 ♂♂, 1 ex. (1 ♂ *, 1 ♂ **); same collection data as for holotype; 24 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; Falcon 43; CELC •   1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 25 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 29 / Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae)”; CELC  •   2 ♂♂; 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1 Apr. 2022; “Falcon 03 / Em  Inonotus sp. ”; CELC  •   1 ♂, 1 ex.; same collection data as for holotype; 1 Apr. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “Falcon 26 / Em  Inonotus sp. ”; CELC  •   10 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, 3 ex. (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype; 26 Apr. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “/ Em  Inonotus sp. ”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Blackish; each elytron with a large dark reddish-ochreous macula, apex yellow; head, thoracic ventrites, and abdominal ventrite I dark ochreous-brown; legs, mouthparts, and apex of abdominal ventrites II–VII light ochreous (Figs 44A–C, 45A). Variations: (1) paler tonalities (Fig. 44F– G); (2) elytral macula absent (Fig. 44H–J).</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 45A–I). Wide (0.41–0.45 mm); punctures very fine; pubescence moderately sparse. Clypeus transverse microsculptured (Fig. 45A–B). Labrum shallowly concave posteriorly (Fig. 45E). Last labial palpomere not strongly curved; mentum practically square-shaped (Fig. 45I). Antennomeres VII–IX wide (Fig. 45C–D); antennomere proportions (n =3): I 81/46: II 68/39: III 25/16: IV 40/14:V 64/17: VI 71/21: VII 90/33: VIII 62/25: IX 82/31: X 84/29: XI 117/35.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Figs 45J–L, 46A–B). Not microsculptured. Pronotum shining; punctures coarse, more visible near posterior bead; pubescence short and moderately dense (Fig. 45J). Hypomeron shining, glabrous; prothoracic angle extending about 2× mesepimeron length beyond anapleural line (Fig. 44B, G, I). Prosternal process arcuate (Fig. 45L). Profurca with robust and slightly curved stalk (Fig. 45B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 46C–F). Visible part of scutellum with length similar to width; tip acute (Figs 45J, 46C). Mesanepisternum moderately coarse punctate, densely pubescent (Fig. 46F). Mesepimeron about 4.20 × as wide as long (Fig. 46E–F). Procoxal rests wider than long; mesoventral lines coarse punctate; secondary lines absent (Fig. 46D). Mesoventral process with similar length sides in lateral view (Fig. 46E).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 46D–I). Metaventrite with strigulate microsculpture, finely punctate, and densely pubescent (Fig. 46F). Submesocoxal lines slightly arcuate, punctate; submesocoxal area length: 0.03– 0.05 mm (Fig. 46D–F). Metanepisternum and metepimeron shining, bearing fine and dense pubescence (Fig. 46F). Metanotum alacrista longer than wide (Fig. 46G). Metendosternite with arms somewhat oblong (Fig. 46H–I).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 44A–C, 46J–L). Elytra elongate, narrowed posteriorly, coarse punctate – coarser than pronotum –, and moderately pubescent; lateral contours arcuate. Lateral ridge visible in dorsal view. Sutural stria strongly widened and not curved anteriorly; adsutural area wider anteriorly; basal stria absent (Fig. 44A). Lateral stria not curving at humeral area (Fig. 44B).</p><p>LEGS. Femora with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 44C). Metafemora fusiform (Figs 47A–C, 49D–F).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Strigulate microsculptured (Figs 47G–H, 49J). Ventrite I with finely punctate and densely pubescent (Fig. 44B). Submetacoxal lines arcuate, punctate; submetacoxal area length = 0.07–0.10 mm (Fig. 47G). Tergite VI sparsely and finely punctate; pubescence sparse (Figs 47H, 49J).</p><p>Males</p><p>Pre- and mesotarsomeres I–III enlarged, with tenent setae (absent in mesotarsomere I) (Fig. 47D–F). Sternite and tergite VIII strigulate microsculptured. Sternite VIII with a shallow triangular projection (Fig. 47I). Tergite VIII straight posteriorly (Fig. 47J). Tergite IX with short-angled ventral struts (Fig. 47K). Sternite IX very elongate, fusiform (Fig. 47K). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 47L).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 48A–J). Median lobe poorly sclerotized; basal bulb oval (when inflate) and longer than apical lobe; apical lobe slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 48C). Parameres more sclerotized near basal bulb, elongate, and narrowed apically. Internal sac with symmetrical sclerites; sclerite with an apical forceps-shaped structure that connects to aedeagus apex, forming a tripartite apex – this structure can be more or less closed.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =8, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm; * =invariant). TL 1.25– 1.41 (1.31 ± 0.05), SY 0.16–0.20 (0.19 ± 0.02), HW 0.41–0.45 (0.42 ± 0.01), IS 0.18–0.23 (0.20 ± 0.01), WA 0.11–0.16 (0.14± 0.02), PL 0.50–0.55 (0.53± 0.02), PA 0.45–0.51 (0.49 ± 0.03), PB 0.74–0.88 (0.82 ± 0.04), SL (n =4) 0.02 *, SW (n= 4) 0.01–0.02 (0.02 ±0.01), EI 0.75–0.86 (0.80 ± 0.04), EL 0.86– 0.99 (0.91± 0.04), EW 0.40–0.50 (0.44 ± 0.03), EH 0.28–0.36 (0.32 ±0.02), Me 0.17–0.23 (0.20 ± 0.02), MeL 0.10–0.14 (0.12 ±0.01), MeW 0.02–0.04 (0.03± 0.01), MB 0.14–0.20 (0.16 ±0.02), MC 0.34–0.40 (0.37 ± 0.02), ML 0.03–0.05 (0.04 ±0.01), MA 0.06–0.10 (0.08± 0.02), MA2 0.12–0.15 (0.13± 0.01), VL 0.23–0.27 (0.25± 0.01), VL2 0.24–0.28 (0.26 ± 0.01), PrF 0.34–0.35 (0.35 ± 0), PrT 0.23–0.26 (0.25 ± 0.01), MsF 0.34–0.36 (0.35 ±0.01), MsT 0.30–0.36 (0.33 ±0.02), MtF 0.40–0.46 (0.43± 0.02), MtT 0.40–0.46 (0.43 ±0.02).</p><p>Females (Fig. 49)</p><p>Ventrite VIII slightly convex posteriorly (Fig. 49K). Tergite VIII shallowly concave, posteriorly (Fig. 49L). Distal gonocoxite thick, slightly curved; gonostylus fusiform (Fig. 49M–N).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 8, unless otherwise specified; in mm; * =invariant). TL 1.25–1.41 (1.32± 0.05), SY 0.17–0.20 (0.18 ± 0.01), HW 0.42–0.45 (0.43 ±0.01), IS 0.20–0.22 (0.21± 0.01), WA 0.12–0.16 (0.14 ± 0.01), PL 0.46–0.55 (0.52 ± 0.03), PA 0.45–0.54 (0.50 ± 0.03), PB 0.75–0.85 (0.81± 0.03), SL (n=2) 0.02 *, SW (n= 2) 0.02–0.03 (0.03 ±0.01), EI 0.76–0.89 (0.81± 0.04), EL 0.84–0.94 (0.90 ± 0.04), EW 0.44–0.46 (0.45 ±0.01), EH 0.27–0.33 (0.31 ±0.03), Me 0.18–0.22 (0.20 ±0.01), MeL 0.09–0.13 (0.10 ± 0.02), MeW 0.03–0.04 (0.03 ± 0), MB 0.15–0.19 (0.17 ±0.01), MC 0.33–0.38 (0.35± 0.02), ML 0.03–0.05 (0.04 ± 0), MA 0.07–0.08 (0.07 ± 0.01), MA2 0.12–0.16 (0.14 ±0.01), VL 0.22– 0.26 (0.24 ±0.01), VL2 (n=7) 0.24–0.27 (0.26 ± 0.01), PrF 0.32–0.37 (0.35± 0.01), PrT 0.24–0.27 (0.25 ± 0.01), MsF 0.34–0.37 (0.35 ±0.01), MsT 0.29–0.34 (0.32 ±0.02), MtF 0.40–0.44 (0.41± 0.02), MtT 0.40–0.44 (0.42 ±0.01).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae) (Figs 1A–B, E–F, 94A–D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The species belongs to the  S. haemorrhoidale group (Löbl 1970), being more similar in size and aedeagus shape to  S. jacobsoni Löbl, 1975b . However, it differs by the rather widened adsutural area and the sutural striae not angulate anteriorly. It is also similar to  S. jacqi Löbl &amp; Ramage, 2022 (Ramage &amp; Löbl 2022), differing by the angle of the sutural striae, and by strigulate microsculpture of the metaventrite, absent in  S. jacqi .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Figs 1A–B, E–F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF9D231C143963F1FF54685F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF9523071436604EFD606BA4.text	F46F87B6FF9523071436604EFD606BA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphisoma infinitum Groll 2025	<div><p>Scaphisoma infinitum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5AC7D322-BA4B-4282-A157-B8B772D51C4B</p><p>Figs 1A–D, 50–54, 93F–J</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.09–1.36 mm. Brown to dark brown. Very shining, lacking microsculpture. Antennomere IX elongate. Submesocoxal lines slightly arcuate and punctate. Basal stria absent; sutural striae curved anteriorly. Aedeagus distinctly small; apical elongate and triangular; sclerite of internal sac simple. Distal gonocoxite in females elongate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘endless’, due to the large number of beetles that have been collected.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Mata da Biologia; 23 Nov. 2021; E. von Groll and G.L.N. Martins leg.; “/ Em fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 50D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 3 ♂♂, 3 ex. (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype;  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 02 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC  •   2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 ex. (1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype;  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 10 / Em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa ”; CELC  •  12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 2 ex. (1 ♂ *, 1 ♂ **, 2 ♀♀ **); same collection data as for holotype; 13 Nov. 2019; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Fungo 16 / Em fungo amarelado ressupinado em tronco caído indet.”; CELC •   25 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, 12 ex. (5 ♂♂ **, 1 ♀ **); same collection data as for holotype;  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 14 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 07 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC  •   3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ex. (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype;  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 14. Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 13 / Em fungo ressupinado indet. no tronco caído e em  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa no solo”; CELC  •   8 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, 3 ex. (2 ♂♂ **, 2 ♀♀ **); same collection data as for holotype;  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 14. Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 23 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC  •  2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 ex. (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype; 20 Nov. 2019; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Fungo 31 / Em fungo amarelado ressupinado em tronco caído indet.”; CELC •  9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 3 ex. (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype; 20 Nov. 2019; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Fungo 20 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC •   3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 3 ex. (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype;  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 26 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 27 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC  •  17 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, 13 ex. (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♂ **); same collection data as for holotype; 23 Nov. 2021; E. von Groll and G.L.N. Martins leg.; “/ Em fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído”; CELC .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown. Antennae, mouthparts, legs, tip of elytra, and abdominal ventrites II–VI yellow (Fig. 50A–B, H). Variations: (1) light brown (Fig. 50F); (2) medium brown; (3) pronotum darker than elytra (Fig. 50G).</p><p>HEAD (Figs 50H–J, 51A–E). Punctation fine, sparse; pubescence sparse (Fig. 50H). Labrum conspicuously concave posteriorly (Fig. 51A). Last maxillary palpomere elongate, about 6 × as long as wide (Fig. 51D). Last labial palpomere strongly curved; posterior-lateral sides of mentum concave (Fig. 51E). Antennomeres VIII–XI elongate; antennomere proportions (n =3): I 83/40: II 70/36: III 23/17: IV 48/14:V 72/18: VI 71/21: VII 96/30:VIII 79/21: IX 99/25: X 97/27: XI 124/30.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 51F–J). Pronotum lacking microsculpture; punctures dense and moderately coarse; pubescence fine and short. Hypomeron shining, glabrous; posterior angle not extending significantly beyond anapleural line (Fig. 52B). Prosternal process thick (Fig. 51H). Membranous part of profurca almost rounded (Fig. 51J).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 51K–N). Visible part of scutellum longer than wide (Fig. 51F); scutellar lines rising laterally; tip acute (Fig. 51K). Mesepimeron about 3.70 × as wide as long (Fig. 51N). Mesoventral lines not curved; punctate; secondary lines absent; median lines short, opened (Fig. 51L). Mesoventral process elongate in lateral view (Fig. 51M).</p><p>METATHORAX (Figs 51L–N, 52A–C). Metaventrite smooth, punctures fine and sparse; pubescence moderately long (Fig. 51N). Submesocoxal lines slightly arcuate; punctate; submesocoxal area length about 0.04 mm (Fig. 51L–N). Metendosternite arms straight, forming an acute V-shape (&lt;40°). (Fig. 52B–C).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 50A–C, 52D–F). Elytra not strongly narrowed apically; punctures coarser than pronotum, pubescence sparse and short. Sutural stria curved near base; basal stria absent (Fig. 51F). Lateral stria slightly curving at humeral area (Fig. 50B).</p><p>LEGS. Lacking microsculpture (Figs 52G–L, 54D–I).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Lacking microsculpture, smooth, ventrites with very fine punctures, pubescence like metaventrite (Figs 51N, 52M). Submetacoxal lines arcuate, with sparse punctures; submetacoxal area length = 0.05–0.07 mm (Fig. 52M). Tergite VI with micro- and coarse punctures (Figs 52N, 54J).</p><p>Males Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly wide, with few tenent setae (except for mesotarsomere I) (Fig. 52J– L). Sternite and tergite VIII lacking microsculpture. Sternite VIII with a small projection (Fig. 53A).</p><p>Tergite VIII straight apically (Fig. 53B). Sternite IX elongate and with parallel sides (Fig. 53C).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 53D–J). Very small, hardly visible between terminal tergites and ventrites (Fig. 53D–E). Median lobe with elongate apical lobe and small and membranous basal bult; apical lobe triangular and sclerotized in ventral and dorsal view (Fig. 53F, J). Parameres almost straight, angulate anteriorly, in frontal view (Fig. 53F). Internal sac membraneous, completely filling median lobe (Fig. 53G, I).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 5, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n=35) 1.09–1.31 (1.21 ± 0.06), SY 0.15–0.18 (0.16± 0.01), HW 0.36–0.44 (0.41 ± 0.03), IS 0.17–0.23 (0.19 ± 0.02), WA 0.11–0.14 (0.12 ± 0.01), PL 0.44–0.53 (0.47± 0.03), PA 0.44–0.51 (0.46 ± 0.03), PB 0.68–0.80 (0.76 ± 0.05), EI 0.71–0.84 (0.78± 0.05), EL 0.78–0.95 (0.86 ± 0.07), EW 0.36–0.44 (0.41± 0.03), EH 0.29–0.35 (0.32 ±0.02), Me 0.19–0.22 (0.20 ± 0.02), MeL 0.09–0.12 (0.11 ± 0.01), MeW 0.02–0.03 (0.02 ± 0), MB 0.12–0.15 (0.13 ± 0.01), MC 0.27–0.35 (0.31± 0.04), ML 0.03–0.05 (0.04± 0.01), MA 0.06–0.07 (0.06± 0.01), MA2 0.12–0.17 (0.14± 0.02), VL2 0.19–0.26 (0.22 ± 0.03), VL 0.22–0.29 (0.26 ± 0.03), PrF 0.28–0.35 (0.32 ± 0.03), PrT 0.22–0.27 (0.24 ± 0.02), MsF 0.30–0.36 (0.33± 0.03), MsT 0.27–0.36 (0.30 ±0.04), MtF 0.33–0.42 (0.37± 0.04), MtT 0.33–0.42 (0.37± 0.04).</p><p>Females (Fig. 54)</p><p>Sternite VIII with a small posterior projection (Fig. 54K). Tergite VIII slightly concave posteriorly (Fig. 54L). Distal gonocoxite slender, curved; gonostylus small, rectangular (Fig. 54M–N).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =8; unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n =34) 1.17–1.36 (1.26± 0.05), SY 0.16– 0.18 (0.16 ± 0.01), HW 0.40–0.43 (0.41 ±0.01), IS 0.19–0.21 (0.20± 0.01), WA 0.11–0.15 (0.12 ± 0.01), PL 0.46–0.56 (0.50± 0.04), PA 0.40–0.51 (0.46± 0.04), PB 0.70–0.83 (0.76 ± 0.04), EI 0.75–0.89 (0.82 ± 0.05), EL 0.84–0.96 (0.89 ± 0.05), EW 0.41–0.45 (0.44 ±0.02), EH 0.31–0.34 (0.33± 0.01), Me 0.18–0.23 (0.21 ± 0.02), MeL 0.09–0.11 (0.10 ± 0.01), MeW 0.02–0.03 (0.02± 0), MB 0.11–0.16 (0.13 ± 0.02), MC 0.29–0.36 (0.32 ± 0.03), ML 0.03–0.05 (0.04 ± 0.01), MA 0.05–0.07 (0.06 ± 0.01), MA2 0.12–0.16 (0.15± 0.01), VL 0.22–0.26 (0.24 ± 0.02), VL2 0.25–0.29 (0.27± 0.01), PrF 0.31–0.35 (0.33± 0.01), PrT 0.21–0.25 (0.23± 0.01), MsF 0.32–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.02), MsT: 0.28–0.32 (0.30 ± 0.01), MtF (n=7): 0.35–0.42 (0.39 ± 0.02), MtT (n= 7): 0.35–0.42 (0.39 ± 0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from undetermined resupinate and/or crust fungi (Fig. 93F–J). Few specimens collected from a small decomposing log with  Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Species similar to  S. minutipenis Löbl &amp; Ogawa, 2016 due to colour pattern, elongate sternite IX, small aedeagus, and the internal sac lacking sclerite and flagellum. However, it can be easily distinguished by the smaller body length, the slender antennomeres, the more arcuate submetacoxal lines, the longer submetacoxal area, and the absence of ventral abdominal microsculpture.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso and Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF9523071436604EFD606BA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF8E2301143563C5FE0E6AC1.text	F46F87B6FF8E2301143563C5FE0E6AC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphisoma mutabile Groll 2025	<div><p>Scaphisoma mutabile sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3E14760B-CE18-4AF6-AD89-F83374F45C2F</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 55–59</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.28–1.52 mm. Brown-reddish; pronotum darker than elytra. Pronotum and elytra iridescent. Elytra, thorax, legs, and abdomen with distinct strigulate microsculpture. Sutural striae parallel to suture; basal striae absent. Submesocoxal lines nearly parallel; punctate. Submetacoxal lines arcuate. Parameres widened apically; sclerite of internal sac simple. Females with spermatheca large and twisted; distal gonocoxite curved.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Greek word meaning ‘change’, due to the change of colour depending on the position.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Mata da Biologia; 30 Oct. 2019; E von Groll and I.S. Pecci-Madalena leg.; “Fungo 25 / Em  Xylodon flaviporus / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 55D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 ex. (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 30 Oct. 2019; E von Groll and I.S. Pecci-Madalena leg.; “Fungo 25 / Em  Xylodon flaviporus /”; CELC  •  2 ♂♂ (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 03 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Elytra, thorax, and ventrite I reddish-brown; pronotum and posterior part of elytra darker (Fig. 55A–C); mouthparts, antennae, legs, apex of elytra, and abdominal segments III–VII yellow (Fig. 55C, H). Pronotum and elytra iridescent, more visible under direct light (Fig. 55F–G). Variations: (1) darker tonalities (Fig. 55F); (2) lighter tonalities (Fig. 55G); (3) iridescence variably distributed; (4) ventrite also iridescent.</p><p>HEAD (Figs 55H–K, 56A–E). Frons with punctures somewhat coarse; pubescence moderately sparse. Clypeus wider than long (Fig. 55I). Labrum shallowly concave posteriorly (Fig. 56A). Maxillary palpomeres conspicuously elongate (Fig. 56D). Last labial palpomere not strongly curved, thick; mentum elongate, with a posterior angulate concavity (Fig. 56E). Antennomere VII enlarged (Fig. 55J– K); antennomere proportions (n= 2): I missing: II 73/45: III 34/18: IV 63/16: V 80/21: VI 81/21: VII 102/31:VIII 83/24: IX 110/33: X 105/32: XI 128/36.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 56F–J). Lacking microsculpture, smooth. Pronotum with punctures fine and moderately sparse; pubescence short and sparse (Fig. 56F). Hypomeron shining, glabrous; posterior angles angulate extending beyond anapleural line (Figs 55B, 59B). Prosternal process concave (Fig. 56H). Profurca short, curved (Fig. 56J).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 56K–N). With strigulate microsculpture (Figs 56N, 59B). Visible part of scutellum longer than wide (Fig. 56F); scutellar line sinuous; tip acute (Fig. 56K). Mesanepisternum with sparse pubescence (Figs 55B, 56N, 59B). Mesepimeron wide, 4.39 × as wide as long; almost uneven due to strigulate microsculpture of mesanepisternum (Fig. 56N). Mesoventral lines not curved; punctate; secondary and median lines absent (Fig. 56L). Mesoventral process longer than wide and curved in lateral view (Fig. 56M).</p><p>METATHORAX (Figs 56L–N, 57A–C). With strigulate microsculpture (Figs 56N, 56B). Metaventrite with moderately coarse punctures; pubescence sparse (Fig. 56N). Submesocoxal lines nearly parallel, punctate; submesocoxal length about 0.04 mm (Fig. 56L–N). Metanepisternum conspicuously wider near metacoxae (Fig. 56N). Metendosternite arms widely separated (Fig. 57B–C).</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 57D–G). Elytra with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 57D–F); not strongly narrowed apically; punctation coarse – coarser than pronotum. One longitudinal carina on disc of each elytron (Fig. 59A) – weakly marked (but distinct) on holotype (Fig. 55A). Sutural striae slightly curved anteriorly; basal striae absent (Fig. 55A). Curvature of lateral striae shortened at humeral area (Fig. 55B).</p><p>LEGS (Figs 56N, 57H–M, 59D–I). With strigulate microsculpture.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventrites with strigulate microsculpture; pubescence dense (Figs 55B–C, 58A, 59B–C). Submetacoxal lines arcuate and punctate; submetacoxal area length = 0.06–0.10 mm (Fig. 58A). Tergite VI and VII with imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 58B).</p><p>Males</p><p>Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III widened, with dense tenent setae, especially mesotarsomeres (Fig. 57K– M). Sternite and tergite VIII with strigulate microsculpture. Sternite VIII with a wide posterior projection (Fig. 58C). Tergite VIII slightly convex posteriorly (Fig. 58D). Tergite IX with oblong ventral struts (Fig. 58E). Sternite IX wider posteriorly (Fig. 58F). Tergite X oval (Fig. 58G).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 58H–N). Basal bulb and apical lobe very distinct. Basal bulb remarkably rounded (Fig. 58H); apical lobe triangular, small, sclerotized, curved, and shorter than basal bulb (Fig. 58I). Parameres elongate; tip wide in frontal view (Fig. 58K). Internal sac membranous and similar to the median lobe shape: rounded with a projection (Fig. 58L–M).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n=6 including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL 1.28–1.45 (1.38± 0.07), SY (n =5) 0.16–0.20 (0.19 ± 0.02), HW 0.40–0.45 (0.43± 0.02), IS 0.20–0.23 (0.21 ±0.01), WA 0.12– 0.15 (0.13± 0.01), PL 0.53–0.60 (0.56± 0.03), PA 0.44–0.55 (0.50± 0.04), PB 0.77–0.91 (0.84± 0.06), EI 0.79–0.94 (0.87±0.06), EL 0.90–1.01 (0.95± 0.05), EW 0.40–0.54 (0.46 ± 0.05), EH 0.31–0.38 (0.34 ± 0.02), Me 0.18–0.25 (0.23± 0.02), MeL (n =5) 0.13–0.14 (0.13± 0.01), MeW (n=5) 0.03, MB 0.11–0.18 (0.14 ± 0.02), MC 0.31–0.39 (0.35 ± 0.03), ML 0.02–0.04 (0.03 ± 0.01), MA 0.06–0.10 (0.07 ± 0.02), MA2 0.13–0.19 (0.15 ± 0.02), VL 0.23–0.31 (0.26 ±0.03), VL2 0.23–0.34 (0.27± 0.04), PrF 0.35–0.39 (0.37 ± 0.01), PrT 0.24–0.30 (0.27 ±0.02), MsF 0.34–0.40 (0.37 ±0.03), MsT 0.25–0.36 (0.31± 0.04), MtF 0.38–0.46 (0.43 ± 0.03), MtT 0.38–0.45 (0.42 ± 0.02).</p><p>Females (Fig. 59)</p><p>STERNITE AND TERGITE VIII. Sternite VIII with a projection (Fig. 59J). Tergite VIII bearing a small projection (Fig. 59K). Spermatheca remarkably enlarged and twisted (Fig. 59L). Distal gonocoxite thick and curved; gonostylus distinctly small (Fig. 59M).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =3; in mm). TL 1.48–1.52 (1.50± 0.02), SY 0.19–0.20 (0.19± 0.01), HW 0.45–0.47 (0.46 ± 0.01), IS 0.21–0.24 (0.22 ± 0.02), WA 0.14–0.16 (0.15 ± 0.01), PL 0.58–0.65 (0.62 ± 0.04), PA 0.45–0.55 (0.5 ± 0.05), PB 0.88–0.94 (0.90± 0.03), EI 0.92–0.99 (0.95 ± 0.04), EL 1.01–1.05 (1.03± 0.02), EW 0.48–0.58 (0.52 ±0.05), EH 0.39–0.40 (0.39 ±0.01), Me 0.26–0.27 (0.27 ±0.01), MeL 0.13–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MeW 0.03–0.04 (0.03 ±0.01), MB 0.14–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MC 0.34–0.40 (0.37± 0.04), ML 0.04–0.05 (0.04± 0.01), MA 0.07–0.11 (0.09 ± 0.02), MA2 0.15–0.18 (0.17 ±0.02), VL 0.26–0.28 (0.27 ± 0.01), VL2 0.30–0.32 (0.31 ± 0.01), PrF 0.38–0.40 (0.39 ± 0.01), PrT 0.25–0.27 (0.26± 0.01), MsF 0.37–0.40 (0.39 ± 0.02), MsT 0.31–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.03), MtF 0.43–0.46 (0.45± 0.02), MtT 0.41–0.45 (0.43± 0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Xylodon flaviporus and an undetermined crust/resupinate fungus.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  S. iridescens Löbl &amp; Ogawa, 2016 due to the presence of iridescence, the shape of the sutural striae, and the absence of basal striae.The submesocoxal lines are also similar in both species.Nonetheless,  S. iridescens presents the iridescence on the ventral surface, while  S. mutabile sp. nov. always presents it on the dorsal surface (pronotum and elytra) and rarely ventrally.  Scaphisoma mutabile sp. nov. can also be easily distinguished by the smaller body length, the elytra with strigulate microsculpture, and by the different shape of parameres.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF8E2301143563C5FE0E6AC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF8623361436643AFE0F6C71.text	F46F87B6FF8623361436643AFE0F6C71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphisoma peculiare Groll 2025	<div><p>Scaphisoma peculiare sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21613515-84E8-49AA-9560-B65537EB8CDE</p><p>Figs 1A–D, 60– 64, 93E–F</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.46–1.70 mm. Oblong; brown, appendages yellow. Last maxillary palpomere modified, flattened apically. Sutural stria present and connected to basal. Mesocoxal lines slightly arcuate; submesocoxal area very short. Metacoxal lines parallel to metacoxae; submetacoxal area very short. Males lacking tenent setae. Abdominal ventrite I with punctures coarse and dense; densely pubescent. Median lobe, parameres, and sclerite of internal sac elongate and curved in frontal view. Apex of parameres irregular denticulate. Distal gonocoxite fusiform.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘singular’, due to the different characteristics of the species.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Mata da Biologia; 12 Nov. 2020; E von Groll and G.L.N. Martins leg.; “/ Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco caído / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 60D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 6 ex. (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ **); same collection data as for holotype; 12 Nov. 2020; E von Groll and G.L.N. Martins leg.; “/ Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco caído”; CELC •  5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 12 ex. (1 ♂ *, 1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); 15 Oct. 2021; E. von Groll and A. Orsetti leg.; “Fungo 30 / Em fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído”; CELC .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Brown; antennae, legs, mouthparts, apex of elytra, and posterior bead of abdominal ventrites and tergites yellow (Figs 60A–C, H, 63B). Variation: (1) paler tonalities (Fig. 60F–G).</p><p>HEAD (Figs 60H–K, 61A–E). Frons finely punctate; area between antennae with coarse punctures; pubescence moderately dense (Fig. 60H). Clypeus widened posteriorly (Fig. 60I). Distance between antennal insertion less than 2× the size of the insertion, easily seen in dissected heads (Fig. 60I). Labrum conspicuously concave posteriorly (Fig. 61A). Mandibles not strongly curved, thick (Fig. 61B–C). Last maxillary palpomere with truncate apex (Fig. 61D). Last labial palpomere distinctly curved; mentum with sides similar in length (Fig. 61E). Antennomeres elongate (Fig. 60J–K); antennomere proportions (n=6): I 85/50: II 88/44: III 29/19: IV 38/15:V 78/18: VI 94/20:VII 117/37:VIII 90/23: IX 124/31: X 117/33: XI 123/30.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 61F–J). Pronotum with punctures fine and sparse; pubescence short, fine (Fig. 61F). Hypomeron shining, almost glabrous; posterior angle extending just a little beyond anapleural line (Fig. 61C). Prosternal process forming a just slightly arcuate curvature (Fig. 61H). Profurca elongate, straight (Fig. 61J).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Figs 61K, 62A–C). Visible part of scutellum with similar sides (Fig. 61F), tip not strongly acute (Fig. 61K). Mesoventral process short in lateral view (Fig. 62B). Mesanepisternum with few punctures (Fig. 62C). Mesepimeron about 2.59 × as wide as long (Fig. 62C). Mesoventral lines straight, impunctate (Fig. 62A); secondary lines present, curved (Fig. 60B).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 62A–F). Metaventrite with punctures moderately coarse, pubescence dense and thick (Fig. 62C). Submesocoxal lines slightly arcuate; submesocoxal area short, length = 0.03 mm (Figs 62A–C, 64C). Metanepisternum less pubescent than metaventrite, wider near metacoxae (Fig. 62C). Metepimeron densely pubescent. Metanotum with alacrista ‘P-shaped’ laterally (Fig. 62D). Metendosternite with wide ventral lamina, arms forming an angle of approximately of 40° (Fig. 62E–F).</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 62G–I). Elytra narrowed apically; punctation coarse and sparse. Sutural stria connected to basal (Fig. 61F). Adsutural area narrow (Fig. 60A). Basal stria impunctate and reaching about basal mid-width of elytra. Lateral stria punctate, curved at humeral area (Figs 60B, 64B).</p><p>LEGS (Figs 62J–O, 64D–I). Femora elongate and thin, not microsculptured. Apical spine of protibiae I longer than tarsomere I.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventrites conspicuously coarse with dense punctures and pubescence (Figs 60B–C, G, 64B). Submetacoxal lines parallel to coxae, coarse and densely punctate (Figs 62C, 63A). Submetacoxal area remarkably short: 0.01–0.04 mm (Fig. 62C). Tergite VI coarse punctate and densely pubescent; micropunctured (Figs 63B, 64J).</p><p>Males</p><p>Tibiae slightly curved. Protarsomeres I–III just a slightly wider – visible only under microscope; lacking tenet setae (Fig. 62M–O). Sternite and tergite VIII lacking microsculpture and both with a wide apical projection (Fig. 63C–D). Tergite IX with ventral struts forming a flat plate (Fig. 63E). Sternite IX guitarshape (Fig. 63F). Tergite X ellipsoidal (Fig. 63G).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 63H–M). Median lobe with basal bulb membranous and rounded; apical lobe distinctly elongate and thin, longer than basal bulb (Fig. 63H–J, L–M); apical lobe and parameres curved in frontal view (Fig. 63J). Parameres more (Fig. 63M) or less (Fig. 63L) separated, with irregular denticulate apex, resembling broken structures (Fig. 63J). Internal sac thin, elongate and curved (Fig. 63K).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 8, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n=10) 1.52–1.66 (1.58 ± 0.04), SY 0.17–0.19 (0.18± 0.01), HW 0.49–0.50 (0.49 ± 0.01), IS 0.21–0.22 (0.22 ± 0), WA 0.13– 0.15 (0.14± 0.01), PL 0.59–0.65 (0.62± 0.02), PA 0.50–0.56 (0.53± 0.02), PB 0.93–1.04 (0.96± 0.04), SL (n= 7) 0.01–0.03 (0.02± 0.01), EI 0.94–1.06 (1.00± 0.04), EL 1.05–1.15 (1.10± 0.03), EW 0.54–0.59 (0.55 ± 0.02), EH 0.38–0.45 (0.41± 0.02), Me 0.23–0.27 (0.24 ± 0.01), MeL 0.03–0.05 (0.04 ± 0.01), MeW 0.10–0.12 (0.11 ±0.01), MB 0.19–0.23 (0.21± 0.01), MC 0.30–0.37 (0.33 ±0.03), ML 0.03–0.04 (0.03± 0.01), MA 0.02–0.03 (0.02± 0), VL 0.24–0.29 (0.26 ± 0.02); VL2 (n=7) 0.28–0.31 (0.29± 0.01), PrF 0.43–0.47 (0.45 ± 0.02), PrT 0.30–0.35 (0.31 ±0.02), MsF 0.45–0.49 (0.47 ±0.02), MsT 0.39–0.45 (0.43 ± 0.02), MtF 0.48–0.52 (0.50 ± 0.01), MtT 0.48–0.52 (0.50 ± 0.01).</p><p>Females (Fig. 64)</p><p>Sternite and tergite VIII with a wide apical projection (Fig. 64K–L). Tergite VIII imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 64L). Distal gonocoxite fusiform and curved; gonostylus wide, triangular (Fig. 64M–N).</p><p>Spermatheca not detected.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =7, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL (n= 12) 1.46–1.70 (1.62 ± 0.08), SY 0.16– 0.19 (0.18 ±0.01), HW 0.46–0.51 (0.49± 0.02), IS 0.20–0.24 (0.22 ±0.01), WA 0.13–0.17 (0.15± 0.01), PL 0.59–0.68 (0.64± 0.03), PA 0.50–0.58 (0.54 ±0.03), PB 0.89–1.06 (0.98 ±0.06), SL 0.02–0.03 (0.02 ± 0), EI 0.95–1.13 (1.04± 0.06), EL 1.06–1.19 (1.13± 0.04), EW 0.54–0.6 (0.57 ± 0.02), EH 0.39– 0.46 (0.43± 0.03), Me 0.24–0.27 (0.25 ± 0.01), MeL 0.04–0.05 (0.04 ± 0), MeW 0.10–0.11 (0.10 ± 0.01), MB 0.19–0.23 (0.21 ± 0.02), MC 0.30–0.39 (0.33± 0.04), ML 0.03–0.04 (0.03 ± 0.01), MA 0.01–0.04 (0.03 ± 0.01), VL 0.26–0.31 (0.28± 0.02), VL2 0.28–0.34 (0.30± 0.02), PrF 0.41–0.47 (0.45 ± 0.02), PrT (n =6) 0.28–0.40 (0.32 ± 0.04), MsF 0.43–0.47 (0.46 ± 0.01), MsT 0.38–0.45 (0.42 ±0.03), MtF 0.47– 0.54 (0.5 ± 0.02), MtT 0.47–0.54 (0.50 ±0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from undetermined resupinate and/or crust fungi (Fig. 93E–F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The punctation of submeso- and submetacoxal lines, the sutural and basal striae are similar to  S. repandum Casey, 1893 . Nonetheless,  S. peculiare sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the unusual shape of the last maxillary palpomere and more variable body length range.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF8623361436643AFE0F6C71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFBF2336140E6499FCEE6B10.text	F46F87B6FFBF2336140E6499FCEE6B10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium LeConte 1860	<div><p>Genus  Toxidium LeConte, 1860</p><p>Figs 2I, K, 65–92</p><p>Toxidium LeConte, 1860: 324 .</p><p>Type species:  Toxidium gammaroides LeConte, 1860; by monotypy.</p><p>Toxidium comprises only 34 described species, of which seven are from the Neotropical Region. Only  T. acuminatum Pic, 1920c is reported to Brazil. In this paper, seven new species are described for Minas Gerais, Brazil. These new species represent just about half of the collected species.</p><p>General description (* = variable characters within the genera, but not variable in the species below; Löbl &amp; Leschen 2003b; Leschen &amp; Löbl 2005)</p><p>Body compressed laterally (Figs 2K, 65A).</p><p>HEAD. Frontoclypeal suture present (Fig. 65H). Labral setae simple (Fig. 66A). Mandibles with two apical teeth and subapical serrations (Fig. 66B–C). Maxillary palpomeres normal; galea wide, with radulate brush (Fig. 66D). Eyes anteriorly notched (Fig. 65I). Antennomeres III and IV elongate (Fig. 65J).</p><p>PROTHORAX. Hypomeron visible in lateral view, not extending beyond pronotum (Fig. 65B). Prothoracic carinae prominent. Prothoracic corbiculum absent.</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Median lines absent. Mesoventral space (prepectus) present. Mesoventral lines impunctate, connecting to mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 67B). Secondary lines present (Fig. 67D). Mesoventral process paxillate (Fig. 67C). Mesepimeron absent (Fig. 71B). Meso- and metaventrite not fused (Fig. 67B).</p><p>METATHORAX. Mesocoxal lines parallel to coxae, impunctate (Fig. 67D). Lacking metaventral setose patch. Intercoxal plates present. Metacoxae contiguous.</p><p>WINGS. Hind wings developed (Fig. 67L). Elytral basal stria absent*. Sutural striae shortened* (Fig. 2K). Apical serrations on elytra absent.</p><p>LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium absent. Mesotibiae with two apical spines, very distinct in length (Fig. 90F). Metatarsi about as long as metatibiae (Fig. 65B).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal space absent. Submetacoxal bead punctate (Fig. 72D). Membranes of abdominal ventrites with brick-wall pattern (Fig. 86H).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFBF2336140E6499FCEE6B10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFBF233E1408637BFDDD6E51.text	F46F87B6FFBF233E1408637BFDDD6E51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium brigadeirense Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium brigadeirense sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 60631403-F38E-4222-8688-A789842C7CCE</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 65–70</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 2.18–2.33 mm. Dark brown, some areas dark reddish; femora and tibiae wine red; tarsi yellow. Shining; strongly curved in lateral view. Sutural striae extending from the apex to approximately 0.80 of the elytral sutural length; elytral punctation sparse. Pronotum length exceeding hypomeron. Metanepisternal suture almost straight. Metaventrite with few coarse punctures near anapleural lines – absent in some specimens. Posterior region of abdominal ventrite I and ventrites II–VI with imbricate microsculpture. Parameres with a hock-shaped posterior projection. Sclerite of internal sac J-shaped. Distal gonocoxite remarkably elongate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithed is derived from the name of the type locality, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Araponga;  Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro; 25 Oct. 2015; Araújo, S.L. et al. leg.; “/ HOLOTYPUS ♂”; em tronco; CELC. (Fig. 65D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 25 Oct. 2015; CELC •   1 ♂ *; Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 7 Apr. 2022; E. von Groll and C. Lopes-Andrade leg.; “Falcon 03 / Em Fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; some areas dark reddish; antennae, maxillary and labial palpomeres, tarsi, and apical ventral segments and elytra yellow; mouthparts, coxae, femora, and tibiae wine red (Fig. 65A–C, H). Variation: brown with lighter tonalities – not reddish (Fig. 65F–G).</p><p>HEAD (Figs 65H–L, 66A–E). Frons densely and moderately coarse punctate; pubescence dense. Clypeus almost squared (Fig. 65I). Mandibles strongly curved (Fig. 66B–C). Last maxillary palpomere about 4× as long as wide; lacinia with moderately dense apical and basal pubescence (Fig. 66D). Last labial palpomere short and thick; mentum concave posteriorly (Fig. 66E). Gular pores absent; gular region strigulate microsculptured. Antennomere XI elongate (Fig. 65J–L); antennomere proportions (n= 3) I 115/47: II 106/52:III 85/21: IV 125/19:V 138/21:VI 115/22:VII 150/36: VIII 97/24:IX 134/40:X 130/37: XI 155/39.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 66F–J). Pronotum strongly convex in lateral view (Fig. 65B); anterior bead (Fig. 66G) not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 66F) due to its curvature; shining; punctures moderately coarse and sparse; pubescence moderately sparse. Posterior angle trespassing hypomeron and not reaching anapleural line, in lateral view (Fig. 65G). Prosternal process spinose (Fig. 66H). Notosternal suture slightly curved (Fig. 66I). Profurca slightly curved and tapering towards apex (Fig. 66J).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 67A–E). Scutellum not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 66F); mesonotum strongly sclerotized (Fig. 67A); tip rounded. Mesanepisternum with finely punctate; pubescence moderately dense (Fig. 67D). Mesoventral lines straight (Fig. 67B); secondary lines curved (Fig. 67D). Mesoventral process with an apical ridge curved downwards in lateral view (Fig. 67C).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 67B–H). Metaventrite shining, finely punctate, almost glabrous, and with coarse punctures near anapleural line (Fig. 67D) – sometimes absent (Fig. 67E); central region with imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 67D). Submesocoxal slightly sinuous, laterally, and connected at midline, forming a very acute angle; submesocoxal area with imbricate microsculpture; length: 0.07–0.09 mm (Fig. 67B, D). Metanepisternal suture impunctate, strongly marked, and straight; metanepisternum mostly covered by elytra (Fig. 67C–E). Metanotum with triangular and small alacrista; scutoscutellar suture laterally curved, trespassing apodeme (Fig. 67F). Stalk of metendosternite distinctly narrow anteriorly and widening towards arms (Fig. 67G).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 65A–C, 67I–L). Elytra with punctures moderately coarse and denser than pronotum. Sutural striae shortened, extending from the apex to approximately 0.80 of the elytral sutural length (Fig. 66F). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and curved near humeral region (Fig. 65B).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 68A–F). Meso- and metafemora and tibiae very elongate and slender; with imbricate microsculpture.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventral surface almost glabrous; posterior area of ventrite I, ventrites II–VI, with imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 67D–E). Pro- and pygidium with sparse pubescence and conspicuously microsculptured (Fig. 68H).</p><p>Males</p><p>Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 68D). Sternite VIII elongate, bearing a wide posterior projection (Fig. 68I). Tergite VIII narrow, with a small posterior projection (Fig. 68J). Tergite IX with ventral struts strongly curved (Fig. 68K). Sternite IX with laterals slightly curved (Fig. 68L). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 68M).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 69). Median lobe with basal bulb and apical lobe almost indistinct, just slightly curved in lateral view, and membranous. Apical lobe triangular, in frontal/dorsal view. Parameres bearing a curved and elongate posterior projection (Fig. 69C, G). Sclerite of internal sac J-shaped (Fig. 69D, H).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =3, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm; * =invariant). TL 2.18– 2.33 (2.25± 0.08), SY 0.27–0.30 (0.28 ± 0.02), HW 0.86–0.89 (0.88 ± 0.02), IS 0.33–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.05), WA 0.22–0.25 (0.24 ± 0.02), PL 0.84–1.00 (0.93 ± 0.08), PA 0.59–0.61 (0.60 ± 0.01), PB 1.02–1.20 (1.10 ± 0.09), EI 1.48–1.52 (1.49± 0.02), EL 1.58–1.68 (1.62± 0.05), EW 0.53–0.55 (0.54 ± 0.01), EH 0.70–0.78 (0.73± 0.05), MB 0.12–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.02), MC 0.11–0.16 (0.13± 0.02), MeW (n=1) 0.35, ML 0.07–0.09 (0.08± 0.01), VL 0.25–0.27 (0.26 ±0.01), VL2 0.43 *, PrF 0.59–0.63 (0.61 ±0.02), PrT (n=2) 0.42–0.43 (0.43 ± 0.01), MsF 0.67–0.75 (0.70 ± 0.04), MsT 0.60–0.65 (0.62 ±0.03), MtF 0.72– 0.77 (0.75± 0.03), MtT 0.57–0.78 (0.68± 0.11).</p><p>Females (Fig. 70)</p><p>Ventrite VIII with a thin posterior projection (Fig. 70A). Tergite VIII with a small posterior projection (Fig. 70B). Distal gonocoxite very long, slightly tapering posteriorly; gonostylus elongate and slightly oblong (Fig. 70D–E).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =1; in mm). TL 2.30, SY 0.30, HW 0.89, IS 0. 43, WA 0.25, PL 1.04, PA 0.63, PB 1.17, EI 1.56, EL 1.64, EW 0.52, EH 0.73, MB 0.14, MC 0.11, MeW 0.38, ML 0.07, VL 0.27, VL2 0.45, PrF 0.64, PrT 0.45, MsF 0.72, MsT 0.58, MtF 0.76, MtT 0.70.</p><p>Host</p><p>In Viçosa, collected from undetermined crust/resupinate fungi on logs.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The sclerite of the internal sac is similar to the ones observed in  T. scalenum sp. nov.,  T. inusitatum sp. nov., and  T. ultimum sp. nov. However, this species can be easily distinguished by the following combination: the shortened hypomeron compared to pronotum, the strongly curved pronotum in lateral view, and the presence of posterior projections on the parameres.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa and from Araponga, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFBF233E1408637BFDDD6E51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFB7233A142066BFFE0F696B.text	F46F87B6FFB7233A142066BFFE0F696B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium distortum Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium distortum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21F66F90-DE46-4DC0-8F72-71092A9F3DF4</p><p>Figs 1A–D, 71– 73, 93E–F</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.88 mm. Brown. Ventral side almost glabrous. Sutural striae extending from apex to approximately 0.89 of the sutural length. Metaventrite I with few coarse punctures next to the submesocoxal lines. Metanepisternal suture sinuous. Abdominal ventrite I with micropunctures on the central region. Parameres of the aedeagus sinuous in lateral view; sclerite asymmetrical.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘twisted’, due to the internal sac shape.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Mata da Biologia; 23 Nov. 2021; E. von Groll and G.L.N. Marins leg.; “/ Em Fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído / Dissecado em 12.xi.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 71D–E)</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Brown; mouthparts, antennae, and tibiae yellow; anterior part of femora dark ochreous; posterior tip of femora, tibiae, elytral apex, and apex of each abdominal ventrite, ochreous (Fig. 71A–C, F).</p><p>HEAD. Frons with punctures moderately sparse and coarse, and with some micropunctures; pubescence moderately dense (Fig. 71F). Antennomere XI elongate; antennomere proportions (Fig. 71H): I missing: II 107/41: III 69/20: IV 90/18:V 104/18:VI 100/16:VII 121/36: VIII 90/22:IX 115/35:X 115/36: XI 157/42.</p><p>PROTHORAX. Smooth; punctures fine; pubescence moderately sparse (Fig. 71G). Hypomeron with punctures very fine and pubescence sparse (Fig. 71B). Posterior angle of pronotum somewhat acute, almost reaching anapleural line (Fig. 71B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Tip of scutellum just partially exposed (Fig. 71G). Mesanepisternum finely punctate; pubescence sparse (Fig. 71B). Mesoventral lines slightly sinuous; secondary straight (Figs 71B, 72A).</p><p>METATHORAX. Metaventrite smooth, shining, with few lateral pubescence; punctures inconspicuous; few coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines (Fig. 71B). Submesocoxal lines partially straight laterally, and connected at midline, forming an obtuse angle; submesocoxal area length: 0.09 mm (Fig. 71B). Metanepisternal suture sinuous (Fig. 72A).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 71A–C, 72B). Elytra moderately dense and coarse punctate – more than pronotum. Sutural striae just slightly shortened, extending from apex to approximately 0.89 of the elytral sutural length (Fig. 71A). Lateral striae impunctate, slightly curved at humeral region, and reaching elytral border (Fig. 71B).</p><p>LEGS. With imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 72C–D).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Central region of ventrite I and propygidium micropunctured; ventral surface almost glabrous (Figs 71B, 72D). Pro- and pygidium with some coarse punctures, moderately pubescent, and micropunctured (Fig. 72E).</p><p>Male</p><p>Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 72C). Sternite VIII shortened, bearing a triangular posterior projection (Fig. 72F). Tergite VIII with a wide posterior projection (Fig. 72G). Tergite IX with ventral struts almost straight (Fig. 72H). Sternite IX widened posteriorly (Fig. 72I). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 72J).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 73). Basal bulb longer than apical lobe; apical lobe curved, just slightly sclerotized. Parameres sinuous and with strigulate microsculptures (Fig. 73B); sclerite of internal sac asymmetrical (Fig. 73D–G).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n=1, holotype; in mm). TL 1.88, SY 0.24, HW 0.78, IS 0.34, WA 0.17, PL 0.82, PA 0.53, PB 1.02, EI 1.22, EL 1.36, EW 0.55, EH 0.55, MB 0.24, MC 0.11, ML 0.09, PrF 0.49, PrT 0.34, MsF 0.59, MsT 0.44, MtF 0.60, MtT 0.54.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from an undetermined crust fungus (Fig. 93E–F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  T. ultimum sp. nov. but differs by the shorter submesocoxal area, the absence of microsculpture on ventrite I, the dilatated parameres in lateral view, and by the asymmetrical sclerite of internal sac.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFB7233A142066BFFE0F696B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFB3232614DA6186FE0F6B5D.text	F46F87B6FFB3232614DA6186FE0F6B5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium fleche Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium fleche sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5B5CBA25-EFEF-41D5-9504-1D7B293BFCBA</p><p>Figs 1A–D, 74– 76, 94E–F</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.90 mm. Dark brown. Dorsal surface pubescence very dense. Metaventrite coarsely punctate laterally. Metanepisternum triangular, wider next to the mesanepisternum. Aedeagus with parameres remarkably sinuous in lateral view. Sclerite of internal sac arrow-shaped.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species name is a French noun in apposition, meaning ‘arrow’, due to the arrow-shaped sclerite of the internal sac.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  Mata da Biologia; 15 Oct. 2021; E. von Groll and A. Orsetti leg.; “Fungo 30 / Em Fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído / Dissecado em 11.nov.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 74D–E)</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark brown; clypeus, coxae, femora, and tibiae dark ochreous; antennae, mouthparts, tip of elytra, and apex of each abdominal ventrite yellow (Fig. 74).</p><p>HEAD. Frons with fine and dense punctures; pubescence dense; clypeus micropunctured. Antennomeres III–VI somewhat thicker, IX about 3.20 × as long as VIII, XI, oblong (Fig. 74H); proportions: I 115/38: II 101/45: III 58/18: IV 76/16:V 90/18:VI 88/18:VII 110/32:VIII 70/21: IX 110/33: X 115/35:XI 146/47.</p><p>PROTHORAX. Pronotum not strongly curved in lateral view; finely and densely punctate, pubescence dense (Fig. 74G). Posterior angles of pronotum slightly acute, reaching anapleural line (Fig. 74B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Tip of scutellum exposed (as long as wide)(Fig.74G). Mesanepisternum with inconspicuous punctation, pubescence sparse (Fig. 74B). Secondary lines straight, not connected to mesocoxal cavities (Fig. 74B).</p><p>METATHORAX. Metaventrite with conspicuous coarse punctures between submesocoxal lines and metanepisternal suture; almost glabrous (Figs 74B, 75A). Submesocoxal lines not sinuous; submesocoxal area with imbricate microsculpture; length: 0.09 mm (Fig. 75A). Metanepisternal suture curved anteriorly; metanepisternum triangular, wider next to the mesanepisternum (Fig. 75A).</p><p>WINGS. Elytra densely and coarsely punctate – coarser than pronotum; pubescence dense (Fig. 74A, G). Sutural striae not strongly shortened, extending from apex to approximately 0.82 of the elytral sutural length (Fig. 74A). Lateral striae impunctate, slightly curved at humeral region (Fig. 74B).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 75C–D). With imbricate microsculpture.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventral surface shining, almost glabrous (Fig. 74B). Ventrite I with micropuncture in middle. Propygidium micropunctured (Fig. 75E).</p><p>Male</p><p>Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 75C). Sternite VIII elongate, with a shallowt posterior projection (Fig. 75F). Tergite VIII straight posteriorly (Fig. 75G). Tergite IX with ventral struts thick and slightly curved (Fig. 75H). Sternite IX oblong (Fig. 75I). Tergite X triangular and rounded posteriorly (Fig. 75J).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 76). Median lobe slightly sclerotized; basal bulb longer than apical lobe; apical lobe bent in lateral view (Fig. 76B). Parameres remarkably wide and sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 76D). Sclerite of internal sac arrow-shaped (Fig. 76E–F).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =1, holotype; in mm). TL 1.88, SY 0.20, HW 0.75, WA 0.11, PL 0.88, PA 0.52, PB 0.95, EI 1.20, EL 1.32, EW 0.55, EH 0.55, MB 0.12, MC 0.14, MeW 0.30, ML 0.09, VL 0.23, VL2 0.35, PrF 0.50, PrT 0.35, MsF 0.57, MsT 0.42, MtF 0.54, MtT 0.53.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from undetermined crust/resupinate fungus (Fig. 94E–F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  T. robustum Pic, 1930 due to the dilatated parameres and the not curved sclerite of the internal sac. Nonetheless,  T. fleche sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the longer sutural striae and by the absence of the basal ones.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata da Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFB3232614DA6186FE0F6B5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFAF23221439634DFE0E6BA9.text	F46F87B6FFAF23221439634DFE0E6BA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium inusitatum Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium inusitatum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EB24CEF0-5780-4B6F-A5D2-6119AE21702A</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 77–79</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.45 mm. Brown. Posterior angle of pronotum not acute and not trespassing anapleural line; lateral carina sinuous. Metaventrite with coarse and dense punctures under anapleural lines and next to metanepisternal suture. Metanepisternum entirely hidden beneath elytra. Submesocoxal area short= 0.04 mm. Parameres of aedeagus oar-shaped in lateral view; sclerite of internal sac strongly curved.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘unusual’, due to the distinct aedeagus shape.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Falcon 01 / Em tronco pequeno caído com hifa indet. / Dissecado em 12.xi.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 77D–E)</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Brown, ventral sclerites lighter near sutures; posterior half of clypeus, tip of elytra, coxae, femora, and tibiae ochreous; mouthparts, antennae, tarsi, and apex of each abdominal ventrite yellowish (Fig. 77A–C, F).</p><p>HEAD. Frons sparsely punctate and pubescent; punctation fine, with some punctures coarser and sparsely distributed. Antennomeres elongate (Fig. 77H); proportions: I 81/41: II 86/42: III 49/15:IV 79/13:V 93/14: VI 87/16:VII 113/24:VIII 84/20:IX 116/28: X 108/33: XI 137/42.</p><p>PROTHORAX. Pronotum with pubescence and punctures moderately dense (Fig. 77G). Hypomeron with punctures very fine and pubescence sparse (Fig. 77B). Prothoracic carina sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 77B). Posterior angles of pronotum not acute and not reaching anapleural lines (Fig. 77B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Tip of scutellum exposed (longer than wide). Mesanepisternum finely punctate, pubescence sparse. Secondary lines sinuous and connected to mesocoxal cavities (Fig. 77B).</p><p>METATHORAX. Metaventrite lacking microsculpture, shining, almost glabrous; densely and coarsely punctate under anapleural lines and next to metanepisternal suture (Fig. 78A). Submesocoxal lines parallel to coxae; submesocoxal area micropunctured and short, length: 0.04 mm (Figs 77B, 78A). Metanepisternum completely hidden under elytra (Figs 77B, 78A).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 77A–B, 78B). Elytra with coarse and moderately sparse punctures. Sutural striae shortened, extending from apex to about 0.80 of the elytral sutural length (Fig. 77A). Lateral striae impunctate, slightly curved at humeral region (Fig. 77B).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 78C–D). Meso- and metafemora slender, with imbricate microsculpture.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Ventral surface smooth, shining, almost glabrous (Fig. 77B). Propygidium micropunctured and sparsely pubescent (Fig. 78E).</p><p>Male</p><p>Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 78C). Sternite VIII with a shallow posterior projection (Fig. 78F). Tergite VIII convex posteriorly (Fig. 78G). Tergite IX with curved ventral struts (Fig. 78H). Sternite IX oblong (Fig. 78I). Tergite X rounded curved (Fig. 78J).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 79). Membranous. Median lobe lacking obvious divisions between apical lobe and basal bulb; apical lobe curved backwards (Fig. 79C). Parameres without sclerotized anterior portion (that connects to median lobe) and oar-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 79C). Sclerite of internal sac strongly curved (Fig. 79C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n= 1, holotype; in mm). TL 1.46, SY 0.17, HW 0.44, WA 0.07, PL 0.61, PA 0.41, PB 0.74, EI 0.95, EL 0.99, EW 0.36, EH 0.46, MB 0.12, MC 0.04, ML 0.04, VL 0.17, PrF 0.35, PrT 0.29, MsF 0.42, MsT 0.33, MtF 0.52, MtT 0.43.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from a rotten small log, covered with undetermined hyphae.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>It is similar to  T. ultimum sp. nov. but differs by the denser and coarser lateral punctures on the metaventrite and by the completely hidden metanepisternum. The aedeagus can be distinguished by the distinctly membranous median lobe, by the parameres shape, and the much longer sclerite of internal sac.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFAF23221439634DFE0E6BA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFAB232E142063C6FE0E692C.text	F46F87B6FFAB232E142063C6FE0E692C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium scalenum Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium scalenum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 94F752A7-DBE6-490C-A3CF-2BEEC58756F0</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 80–82</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.90 mm. Reddish-brown; legs ochreous. Sutural striae extending from apex to approximately 0.74 of the elytral sutural length. Posterior angle of pronotum not reaching anapleural line. Submesocoxal area and anterior area of metaventrite with strigulate microsculpture. Metanepisternum conspicuously wider next to the masanepisternum. Sclerite on internal sac of aedeagus J-shaped, long side 2.5× as long as short side.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is the Latin adjective, meaning ‘scalene’, referring to the metanepisternum’s scalene triangular shape.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 17 Mar. 2022; E. von Groll et al. leg.; “Falcon 12 / Em Fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído / Dissecado em 11.nov.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 80D–E)</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Reddish-brown, redder near sutures; shining; posterior area of clypeus, coxae, femora, and tibiae ochreous; antennae, mouthparts, tip of elytra, tarsi, and apex of abdominal ventrites yellow (Figs 80A–C, 81A–F).</p><p>HEAD. Frons with punctures dense and fine – few coarser punctures near frontoclypeal suture; pubescence dense (Fig. 80F).Antennomeres IV–VI distinctly slender (Fig. 80H), proportions: I 114/50: II 106/50: III 72/16: IV 86/13:V 103/11:VI 98/13:VII 117/27: VIII 88/23: IX 116/34: X 114/38:XI 143/46.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Fig. 80A–C, G). Somewhat elongate, smooth. Pronotum fine and moderately dense punctate. Lateral carinae dashed, visible in lateral view (Fig. 80B). Hypomeron with punctures very fine and poorly pubescent (Fig. 80B). Posterior angles of pronotum slightly acute, and not reaching anapleural line (Fig. 80B).</p><p>MESOTHORAX. Tip of scutellum exposed, slightly longer than wide (Fig. 80G). Mesanepisternum finely punctate; pubescence sparse (Fig. 80B). Mesoventral lines slightly curved, secondary lines straight (Fig. 81A).</p><p>METATHORAX.Metaventrite with imbricate microsculpture between submesocoxal lines and metanepisternal suture; almost glabrous and impunctate (Fig. 81D). Submesocoxal lines punctate; submesocoxal area imbricate microsculptured; length: 0.10 mm (Fig. 81A). Metanepisternum triangular; conspicuously wider next to the mesanepisternum, pubescence denser near metanepisternal suture (Fig. 81A).</p><p>WINGS. Elytra with coarse punctures – coarser than pronotum –, pubescence moderately dense (Fig. 80A). Sutural striae shortened, extending from apex up to approximately 0.74 of the sutural length (Fig. 80A). Lateral striae impunctate, just slightly curved at humeral region (Fig. 80B).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 81C–E). With imbricate microsculpture.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Shining. Ventrite I with micropuncture near submetacoxal bead (Fig. 81D). Propygidium micropunctured (Fig. 81F).</p><p>Male Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 81C). Sternite VIII with a posterior triangular projection (Fig. 81G). Tergite IX with ventral struts slightly curved (Fig. 81H). Sternite IX rounded posteriorly (Fig. 81I). Tergite X triangular, angulate posteriorly (Fig. 81J).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 82). Poorly sclerotized. Basal bulb and apical lobe similar in length. Apical lobe triangular (Fig. 82). Parameres sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 82C). Sclerite of internal sac J-shaped, long side 2.5× as long as short side.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =1, holotype; in mm). TL 1.90, SY 0.20, HW 0.81, IS 0.33, PL 0.84, PA 0.55, PB 0.98, EI 1.20, EL 1.26, EW 0.52, EH 0.58, MB 0.13, MC 0.16, MeW 0.30, ML 0.10, VL 0.25, VL2 0.37, PrF 0.50, PrT 0.35, MsF 0.56, MsT 0.46, MtF 0.59, MtT 0.55.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from an undetermined crust/resupinate fungus.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  T. fleche sp. nov. but differs mainly by the absence of coarse punctures on the metaventrite, the shallower elytral punctures, and by the bended sclerite of the internal sac.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFAB232E142063C6FE0E692C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FFA723D614266142FE0E6ECD.text	F46F87B6FFA723D614266142FE0E6ECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium speratum Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium speratum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DB14D21D-F6B4-4B1F-AC1A-9578A88D43E0</p><p>Figs 1A–B, 83–88</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 2.08–2.25 mm. Dark reddish-brown. Posterior angle of pronotum slightly trespassing anapleural line. Metaventrite with some coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines. Metanepisternal suture sinuous. Sutural striae shortened, extending from the apex to approximately 0.60 of the elytral sutural length. Elytra densely pubescent. Aedeagus with parameres constricted at posterior ⅔; sclerite of internal sac elongate and curved. Distal gonocoxite elongate, curved. Gonostylus tapering posteriorly.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘hope’, because after collecting some specimens on one of the first field trips during my doctorate, I always returned to that same trunk hoping to collect more specimens, but never did.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 5 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 13 / Em  Hyphodontia / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 83D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ **); same collection data as for holotype; “Fungo 13 / Em  Hyphodontia ”; CELC  •  2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 11 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CELC .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Dark reddish-brown; frons, femora, and tibiae dark ochreous; antennae, mouthparts, tarsi, apex of abdominal ventrites, and tip of elytra yellow (Fig. 83A–C). Variations: (1) reddish tonality less visible (Fig. 83F); (2) reddish tonality more visible (Fig. 83G).</p><p>HEAD (Figs 83H–K, 84A–E). Frons with punctation dense and fine – some punctures coarser near eyes. Clypeus squared, with coarse punctures (Fig. 83H–I). Labrum concave posteriorly; labral setae simple (Fig. 84A). Mandibles not strongly curved (Fig. 84B–C). Last maxillary palpomere about 3.90 × as long as wide; lacinia poorly pubescent (Fig. 84D). Last labial palpomere somewhat elongate and curved; mentum concave posteriorly (Fig. 84E). Gular pores absent; gular region with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 84F). Antennomeres slender (Fig. 83J–K); antennomere proportions (n=2): I 112/48: II 104/52: III 66/20: IV 88/17:V 110/18:VI 95/20:VII 126/39: VIII 86/23: IX 122/37: X 124/40: XI 168/41.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Figs 84G–K, 85D–E). Smooth, shining. Pronotum shining, punctures fine and moderately dense (Fig. 84G). Posterior angle acute, slightly trespassing anapleural line (Fig. 85D). Hypomeron finely punctate; pubescence moderately dense (Fig. 85D–E). Notosternal suture concave (Fig. 84J). Prosternal process strongly spinose (Fig. 84I). Profurca short and sinuous (Fig. 84K).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 85A–E). Lacking microsculpture, shining (Fig. 85D–E). Scutellar plate strongly sclerotized and large; scutellum triangular, with sides slightly convex (Fig. 85A); just tip of scutellum exposed, longer than wide (Fig. 84G). Mesanepisternum with inconspicuous punctures, pubescence moderately dense (Fig. 85D–E). Mesoventral and secondary lines connected to mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 85B). Mesoventral process with a small ridge upwards in lateral view (Fig. 85C). Mesofurca sinuous (Fig. 85G).</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 85B–J). Lacking microsculpture, shining. Metaventrite with inconspicuous punctures and pubescence sparsely pubescent (Fig. 85D–E); variation: some specimens with more or less coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines (Fig. 85E). Submesocoxal area elongate; length: 0.10–0.15 mm (Fig. 85B). Metanepisternal suture convex, impunctate; metanepisternum wider at anterior part (Fig. 85D–E). Metanotum with triangular alacrista; scutoscutellar suture laterally acute, trespassing apodeme (Fig. 85F). Arms of metendosternite wider at stalk connection (Fig. 85H–J).</p><p>WINGS (Figs 83A–C, F–G, 85K–M). Elytra with coarse and dense punctures – more than pronotum; pubescence dense. Sutural striae shortened, extending from apex to approximately 0.60 of the elytral sutural length (Fig. 83A). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, smoothly curved at humeral region (Fig. 83B).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 86A–F). With imbricate microsculpture. Femora and tibiae long and slender.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Smooth, shining. Each ventral segment with a row of apical setae (Fig. 83C). Tergites micropunctured (Figs 86G, 88A).</p><p>Males</p><p>Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae (Fig. 86D). Sternite VIII with a triangular posterior projection (Fig. 86J). Tergite VIII with a tiny posterior projection (Fig. 86K). Tergite IX with ventral struts somewhat curved (Fig. 86I, L). Sternite IX slightly acute posteriorly (Fig. 86M). Tergite X rounded posteriorly (Fig. 86N).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 87). Median lobe strongly curved in lateral view; basal bulb longer than apical lobe (Fig. 87B). Parameres thick, with a small lobe, followed by a constriction at posterior ⅔ in frontal view (Fig. 87C). Sclerite of internal sac elongate and curved (Fig. 87E).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =3, including holotype; in mm). TL 2.08–2.18 (2.12 ± 0.05),SY 0.22–0.25(0.24 ± 0.02), HW 0.83–0.86 (0.85 ± 0.02), IS 0.30–0.35 (0.33 ± 0.03), WA 0.16–0.17 (0.17 ± 0.01), PL 0.82–0.92 (0.87 ± 0.05), PA 0.55–0.58 (0.56 ± 0.02), PB 1.11–1.16 (1.14± 0.02), EI 1.32–1.40 (1.37± 0.05), EL 1.44–1.50 (1.47± 0.03), EW 0.47–0.52 (0.50 ±0.03), EH 0.56–0.69 (0.61± 0.07), MB 0.14–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MC 0.16–0.19 (0.18± 0.02), MeW 0.32–0.34 (0.33 ±0.01), ML 0.10–0.12 (0.11± 0.01), VL 0.31–0.33 (0.32 ± 0.01), VL2 0.42–0.47 (0.44 ±0.03), PrF 0.52–0.57 (0.54 ±0.03), PrT 0.33–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.05), MsF 0.60–0.62 (0.61 ±0.01), MsT 0.49–0.53 (0.52 ±0.02), MtF 0.63–0.65 (0.64 ± 0.01), MtT 0.60–0.65 (0.62 ±0.03).</p><p>Females (Fig. 88) Sternite and tergite VIII with imbricate microsculpture. Sternite VIII with an acute posterior projection (Fig. 88B). Tergite VIII straight posteriorly (Fig. 88C). Spermatheca elongate and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 88D). Distal gonocoxite elongate, curved, gonostylus tapering posteriorly (Fig. 88E–H).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =5; in mm). TL 2.18–2.25 (2.20 ± 0.04), SY 0.24–0.26 (0.25± 0.01), HW 0.83–0.88 (0.86± 0.02), IS 0.35–0.39 (0.37 ± 0.02),WA 0.15–0.18 (0.16 ±0.01), PL 0.80–0.94 (0.86 ± 0.07),PA 0.58– 0.63 (0.60 ±0.02), PB 1.14–1.22 (1.18 ±0.03), EI 1.34–1.50 (1.42± 0.08), EL 1.48–1.60 (1.52± 0.05), EW 0.47–0.53 (0.51± 0.03), EH 0.63–0.69 (0.66± 0.03), MB 0.13–0.19 (0.15 ± 0.02), MC 0.16–0.23 (0.18 ± 0.03), MeW 0.30–0.35 (0.33 ±0.02), ML 0.10–0.15 (0.11± 0.02), VL 0.31–0.40 (0.34 ± 0.04), VL2 0.41–0.45 (0.43 ± 0.01), PrF 0.51–0.59 (0.55± 0.03), PrT 0.37–0.39 (0.38 ±0.01), MsF 0.60–0.65 (0.62± 0.02), MsT 0.49–0.55 (0.51± 0.03), MtF 0.60–0.66 (0.64 ± 0.02), MtT 0.58–0.63 (0.61 ±0.02).</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Hyphodontia sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  T. scalenum sp. nov. but differs mainly by the shorter sutural striae, the oblong metanepisternum, and by the presence of a constriction on the apical portion of the parameres. The sclerite of the internal sac is also distinctly rounded at the curvature when compared to all the other species of  Toxidium described in this manuscript.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FFA723D614266142FE0E6ECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF5F23D1142B6122FF55695A.text	F46F87B6FF5F23D1142B6122FF55695A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxidium ultimum Groll 2025	<div><p>Toxidium ultimum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2B63D970-44EE-48E9-B41D-43F93E89373E</p><p>Figs 1A–B, E–F, 89–92, 94A–B</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body length: 1.56–1.70 mm. Dark brown, elytra apex yellow-ochreous. Sutural striae extending from apex to approximately 0.84 of the elytral sutural length. Metaventrite I with few coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines. Abdominal ventrite I with imbricate microsculpture. Parameres with poorly sclerotized lobe medially. Sclerite if internal sac D-shaped. Distal gonocoxite slightly fusiform. Gonostylus elongate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘the last one’, referring both to it being the last species described in this manuscript and the final specimen collected and dissected for this project.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ *; Minas Gerais, Viçosa,  UFV, Vila Gianetti; 3 Dec. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “/ Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae) / Dissecado em 15.xii.2022 / HOLOTYPUS ♂”; CELC. (Fig. 89D–E)</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 3 Dec. 2022; E. von Groll leg.; “/ Em  Inonotus sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae)”; CELC  .</p><p>Description</p><p>COLOURATION. Brown; antennae, clypeus, mouthparts, tarsi, apex of abdominal ventrites, and tip of elytra light ochreous; femora and tibiae ochreous (Fig. 89A).</p><p>HEAD. Punctations moderately dense and coarse, some punctures coarser. Antennomeres elongate (Fig. 89J–K); proportions (n =3): I 89/42:II 83/40: III 60/17: IV 76/16: V 89/16:VI 85/16: VII 99/28: VIII 71/19: IX 95/30:X 94/33: XI 126/36.</p><p>PROTHORAX (Figs 89L, 90A–C). Pronotum elongate, slightly tapering towards to head, not strongly curved in lateral view (Fig. 89B); punctures moderately coarse; pubescence moderately sparse. Posterior angle of pronotum somewhat acute, and almost at same position as anapleural line (Fig. 90A–C).</p><p>MESOTHORAX (Fig. 90A–C). Tip of scutellum just partially exposed (longer than wide), hardly visible. Mesanepisternum finely punctate; pubescence sparse. Secondary lines connected to mesocoxal cavities.</p><p>METATHORAX (Fig. 90A–C). Metaventrite lacking microsculpture, almost glabrous; with coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines – density variable. Submesocoxal lines slightly truncate laterally; connected at midline, forming an acute angle (Fig. 90E); submesocoxal area: 0.07–0.08 mm. Metanepisternal suture almost straight or sinuous, impunctate; metanepisternum mostly covered by elytra.</p><p>WINGS (Figs 89A–C, F–H, 90D). Elytra with moderately sparse punctures, some coarser than other, both coarser than on pronotum. Sutural striae not strongly shortened, extending from apex to approximately 0.84 of the elytral sutural length; variation: female with shorter striae: 0.47 of the sutural length. Lateral striae impunctate, slightly opening at humeral region (Fig. 89B).</p><p>LEGS (Figs 90E–F, 92A–B). With imbricate microsculpture.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Sparsely pubescent. Anterior two-thirds of ventrite I (Figs 89B, 90A–C, 92C–D), and tergites (Fig. 90G) with imbricate microsculpture; remaining ventrites without microsculpture.</p><p>Males</p><p>Sternite VIII shortened, with acute posterior projection (Fig. 90H). Tergite VIII without posterior projection (Fig. 90I). Tergite IX with ventral struts short and almost straight (Fig. 90J). Sternite IX acute posteriorly (Fig. 90K). Tergite X triangular (Fig. 90L).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 91). Basal bulb 2× as long as apical lobe; apical lobe bent (Fig. 91B). Parameres thin, bearing a poorly sclerotized lobe (Fig. 91B); sclerite of internal sac curved, D-shaped (Fig. 91D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n=2, including holotype; in mm; * = invariant). TL 1.56–1.60 (1.58± 0.03), SY 0.19 *, HW 0.42–0.43 (0.43± 0.01), IS 0.14–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), WA 0.26–0.27 (0.27 ± 0.01), PL 0.64–0.65 (0.64 ± 0.01), PA 0.40–0.41 (0.41± 0.01), PB 0.76–0.79 (0.78 ± 0.02), EI 1.03–1.06 (1.05± 0.02), EL 1.11–1.14 (1.13± 0.02), EW 0.41 *, EH 0.40–0.41 (0.41 ±0.01), MB 0.10 *, MC 0.29–0.33 (0.31± 0.03), MeW 0.25 *, ML 0.08 *, VL 0.20–0.21 (0.21± 0.01), VL2 0.32 *, PrF 0.40–0.41 (0.41± 0.01), PrT 0.31– 0.33 (0.32± 0.01), MsF 0.46 *, MsT 0.36–0.37 (0.37 ± 0.01), MtF 0.47–0.50 (0.49 ±0.02), MtT 0.45–0.49 (0.47 ±0.03).</p><p>Female (Fig. 92)</p><p>Sternite and tergite VIII with imbricate microsculpture. Sternite VIII with an acute posterior projection (Fig. 92E). Tergite VIII lacking projections (Fig. 92F). Distal gonocoxite slightly fusiform, gonostylus elongate (Fig. 92G–H).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (n =1; in mm). TL 1.70, SY 0.22, HW 0.46, IS 0.17, WA 0.30, PL 0.69, PA 0.44, PB 0.78, EI 1.13, EL 1.20, EW 0.43, EH 0.43, MB 0.12, MC 0.34, MeW 0.26, ML 0.07, VL 0.20, VL2 0.36, PrF 0.43, PrT 0.31, MsF 0.49; MsT 0.38, MtF 0.50, MtT 0.45.</p><p>Host</p><p>Collected from  Inonotus sp., located on a tree in front of an avenue (Figs 1E–F, 94A–B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar to  T. distortum sp. nov., differing mainly by the more elongate body, the longer submesocoxal area – reaching half of the metaventrite, by the presence of microsculpture on the ventrite I, the less sclerotized tergite IX, the shorter apex of the median lobe, the thinner parameres, and by the shape of the sclerite (D-shaped). Although the female has a larger size and a shorter sutural stria compared to the males, the specimen exhibits all other characteristics of the species. Therefore, these differences can be considered merely intraspecific variation.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 1A–B, E–F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF5F23D1142B6122FF55695A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
F46F87B6FF5623DC16EF664AFCEA6873.text	F46F87B6FF5623DC16EF664AFCEA6873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphidiinae Latreille 1806	<div><p>Checklist of the Brazilian species of  Scaphidiinae (* = described in this manuscript)</p><p>1.  Cyparium achardi von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2022 . Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>2.  Cyparium collare Pic, 1920a . Brazil (Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco).</p><p>3.  Cyparium ferrugineum Pic, 1920a . Brazil (Piauí, Pernambuco, Mato Grosso).</p><p>4.  Cyparium fugitivum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>5.  Cyparium grilloi Pic, 1920b . Brazil (Paraná).</p><p>6.  Cyparium grouvellei Pic, 1920a . Brazil.</p><p>7.  Cyparium lescheni von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2022 . Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>8.  Cyparium loebli von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2022 . Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>9.  Cyparium newtoni von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2022 . Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>10.  Cyparium oberthueri Pic, 1956 [oberthüri Pic, 1956]. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais).</p><p>11.  Cyparium pici von Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2022 . Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p><p>12.  Cyparium pygidiale Achard, 1922b . Brazil (Goias).</p><p>13.  Cyparium ruficolle Achard, 1922b . Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p><p>14.  Cyparium rufohumerale Pic, 1931 . Brazil.</p><p>15.  Scaphidium bipunctatum Redtenbacher, 1868 . Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).</p><p>16.  Scaphidium bisbimaculatum Pic, 1917 . Brazil (Espirito Santo).</p><p>17.  Scaphidium castaneum Perty, 1830 . Brazil.</p><p>18.  Scaphidium cerasinum Oberthür, 1883 . Brazil (Tocantins, Amazonas).</p><p>19.  Scaphidium exclamans Oberthür, 1883 . Brazil (São Paulo); Paraguai.</p><p>20.  Scaphidium fasciatomaculatum Oberthür, 1883 . Brazil (Amazonas); Ecuador, Peru.</p><p>21.  Scaphidium fascipenne Reitter, 1880 . Brazil.</p><p>22.  Scaphidium gounellei Pic, 1920a . Brazil.</p><p>23.  Scaphidium pantherinum Oberthür, 1883 . Brazil (“Rio Negro” Paraná).</p><p>24.  Scaphidium pardale pardale Laporte, 1840 . French Guiana, Brazil and  Scaphidium pardale nigripenne Oberthür, 1883 . Brazil.</p><p>25.  Scaphidium testaceum Reitter, 1880 . Brazil.</p><p>26.  Scaphidium undulatum Pic, 1915c . Brazil.</p><p>27.  Alexidia convivalis sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>28.  Alexidia plaumanni Löbl &amp; Leschen, 2003a . Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p><p>29.  Alexidia solitaria sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>30.  Amalocera basipennis Löbl, 1974 . Brazil.</p><p>31.  Amalocera dentifera Löbl, 1974 . Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p><p>32.  Amalocera paulistana Achard, 1922b . Brazil (“near São Paulo ”).</p><p>33.  Amalocera picta Erichson, 1845 . Brazil.</p><p>34.  Amalocera tibialis Löbl, 1974 . Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>35.  Baeocera ardua sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>36.  Baeocera bottine sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>37.  Baeocera colibri sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>38.  Baeocera facilis sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>39.  Baeocera freudei Löbl, 1967 . Brazil (Amazonas).</p><p>40.  Baeocera inusitata sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>41.  Baeocera pulga sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>42.  Scaphisoma brunneipenne Pic, 1916b . Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p><p>43.  Scaphisoma elongatum Waterhouse, 1879 . Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).</p><p>44.  Scaphisoma hilarum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>45.  Scaphisoma infinitum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>46.  Scaphisoma mutabile sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>47.  Scaphisoma nigrofasciatum Pic, 1915b . Brazil (Minas Gerais). India, Mauritius, Nepal, La Réunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka. (von Groll 2023).</p><p>48.  Scaphisoma pandemum Groll &amp; Lopes-Andrade, 2021 . Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>49.  Scaphisoma peculiare sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>50.  Scaphisoma phalacroide Pic, 1920b . Brazil (São Paulo).</p><p>51.  Scaphisoma rubripes Pic, 1920a . Brazil.</p><p>52.  Scaphisoma testaceiventre Pic, 1928c . Brazil (São Paulo).</p><p>53.  Scaphisoma tropicum andreinii Pic, 1920b . Brazil (São Paulo).</p><p>54.  Toxidium acuminatum Pic, 1920c . Brazil.</p><p>55.  Toxidium brigadeirense sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>56.  Toxidium distortum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>57.  Toxidium fleche sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>58.  Toxidium inusitatum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>59.  Toxidium scalenum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>60.  Toxidium speratum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p><p>61.  Toxidium ultimum sp. nov. Brazil (Minas Gerais)*.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46F87B6FF5623DC16EF664AFCEA6873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Groll, Elisa Von	Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151
