taxonID	type	description	language	source
99FA6FDAAC3656D4B22E923AB75C15A3.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
99FA6FDAAC3656D4B22E923AB75C15A3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Lecidea truckeei but with orange thallus and shorter conidia ([6 –] 7 – 9 [– 10.5] × 1 μm vs. [10 –] 11.5 – 15 [– 18] × 1.2 μm).	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
99FA6FDAAC3656D4B22E923AB75C15A3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet “ flavothallia ” refers to the orange thallus.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
99FA6FDAAC3656D4B22E923AB75C15A3.taxon	description	Description. Thallus: areolate, flat to bullate or lobate; prothallus: indistinguishable; areoles: dispersed, flat to convex, up to 2 mm in diam.; regular to irregular, angular to round in outline, with a whitish margin, esorediate; upper surface: shiny, (usually) yellowish orange to orange, occasionally with white or gray patches; cortex: 110 – 160 (– 220) μm thick; medulla: white, I –; algal layer: (60 –) 70 – 100 (– 150) μm thick; photobiont trebouxioid, cells (6 –) 7 – 10.5 (– 13) μm diam. Apothecia: abundant, subimmersed to sessile, lecideine, (0.6 –) 1.0 – 1.5 (– 2.0) mm diam.; disc: black, flat to convex, epruinose to faintly white pruinose; proper margin: black, prominent when young, occasionally becoming excluded in old apothecia. In section: exciple: black-brown outside, unpigmented inside, with small crystals (POL +) dissolving in N and insoluble in K; epihymenium: black-green to olive-green (N + red-brown with a faint purple, K –), 10 – 15 μm thick; hymenium: hyaline or slight green, 40 – 60 μm tall; paraphyses: simple, occasionally scarcely branched and anastomosing; subhymenium: hyaline, 15 – 20 μm thick; hypothecium: brown, red-brown to dark brown; asci: clavate, Lecidea - type, 8 - spored; ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, (7 –) 8 – 9 (– 12) × 3.5 – 5 μm, length-width index: 1.8 – 2.2 (– 2.5) (n = 20). Conidiomata: immersed, graphidoid; conidia: bacilliform, (6 –) 7 – 9 (– 10.5) × 1 μm.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
99FA6FDAAC3656D4B22E923AB75C15A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently, this species is only found on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, growing on exposed rocks and occasionally on alpine meadow permafrost soil, between altitudes of 4,000 and 5,000 m.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
99FA6FDAAC3656D4B22E923AB75C15A3.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The species has the general appearance of a member of the Lecidea atrobrunnea group, but the I – medulla and short conidia indicate otherwise. Molecular data indicate that it belongs to the L. auriculata group, with which it shares the dark hypothecium, low hymenium, narrow ascospores, and graphidioid conidiomata, but that it differs from other members of this group by the atrobrunnea - type thallus containing schizopeltic acid. Other Lecidea species with schizopeltic acid include L. cinerata Zahlbr., L. hassei Zahlbr., L. mannii Tuck., and L. truckeei Herre, but L. cinerata has larger ascospores (13 – 16 × 4.2 – 6.3 µm vs. [7 –] 8 – 9 [– 12] × 3.5 – 5 μm) and a C + red exciple (lecanoric acid vs. schizopeltic acid); L. hassei has an endolithic thallus and a brownish opaque exciple; L. mannii has a black prothallus, larger ascospores (10 – 15 × 5 – 6.7 µm vs. [7 –] 8 – 9 [– 12] × 3.5 – 5 μm), and gyrophoric acid (C + red); and L. truckeei has a dark reddish brown thallus and an I + intensely violet medulla (Herre 1911; Hertel and Printzen 2004; Lendemer and Knudsen 2007; Fryday and Hertel 2014). Additionally, Lecidea flavothallia and L. poeltii Hertel share similar characteristics, both possessing a shiny, well-developed thallus, a green epihymenium, a low hymenium, and a dark hypothecium, with distributions in the Himalayan region. However, L. poeltii differs in having a brown thallus, I + medulla, and larger mature spores (11 – 16 × 4.5 – 7 µm vs. [7 –] 8 – 9 [– 12] × 3.5 – 5 μm) (Hertel 1975, 1977 a).	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
E4C3359DB49652FFBF201C07B0A58CA1.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
E4C3359DB49652FFBF201C07B0A58CA1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Lecidea laboriosa but with a brown to dark brown hypothecium and shorter ascospores ([6 –] 7 – 8.5 [– 10] × 2.5 – 3.5 [– 4] μm vs. [6 –] 8 – 12 [– 16] × [2 –] 2.5 – 4 [– 5] µm).	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
E4C3359DB49652FFBF201C07B0A58CA1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the new species’ similarity to Lecidea laboriosa.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
E4C3359DB49652FFBF201C07B0A58CA1.taxon	description	Description. Thallus: endolithic to scarcely epilithic; prothallus: absent; surface: if present, whitish to cream-colored, rough, esorediate; medulla: white, I – or partially weakly I + violet; algal layer: not obvious; photobiont trebouxioid, cells (9 –) 10 – 13 (– 15) μm diam. Apothecia: abundant, sessile, lecideine, 0.65 – 1.5 mm diam.; disc: black, flat to convex, epruinose to faintly white pruinose; proper margin: black, regular or corrugated, occasionally becoming excluded in old apothecia. In section: exciple: black-brown outside, hyaline to light brown inside, with small crystals (POL +) dissolving in N and insoluble in K; epihymenium: black-green (N + violaceous, K –), 7.5 – 12.5 μm thick; hymenium: hyaline or slight blue-green, 30 – 40 μm tall; paraphyses: simple, unbranched, slightly enlarged at the apex, apical cells 2.5 – 3 (– 4) μm; subhymenium: hyaline to light brown, 12 – 20 μm thick; hypothecium: brown to dark brown; asci: clavate, Lecidea - type, 8 - spored; ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, (6 –) 7 – 8.5 (– 10) × 2.5 – 3.5 (– 4) μm, length-width index: 1.8 – 2.5 (– 3.2) (n = 20). Conidiomata: not seen.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
E4C3359DB49652FFBF201C07B0A58CA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is found in the plateau sub-frigid, semi-arid climate zone of China, growing on exposed siliceous rocks.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
E4C3359DB49652FFBF201C07B0A58CA1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. We have conducted multiple phylogenetic tree reconstructions, in which Lecidea sublaboriosa is placed as a sister species to L. laboriosa Müll. Arg. is either weakly supported or unsupported. Despite this phylogenetic uncertainty, L. sublaboriosa exhibits a high degree of morphological and chemical similarity with L. laboriosa, including an endolithic to scarcely epilithic thallus, a green epihymenium, a low hymenium, and the presence of 4 - O - demethylplanaic acid. Additionally, it is morphologically similar to L. andersonii, L. auriculata Th. Fr., L. diducens, and some specimens of L. polypycnidophora, in that they all either lack an epilithic thallus or, if one is present, it is poorly developed. All of the above species have been detected in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; however, they differ in that Lecidea andersonii has larger ascospores ([8 –] 9 – 12 × 3.5 – 4.4 μm vs. [6 –] 7 – 8.5 [– 10] × 2.5 – 3.5 [– 4] μm) and an I + violet medulla; L. auriculata has an I + violet medulla and contains confluentic acid; L. diducens has a C + red exciple and contains 2 ’ - O - methylanziaic acid; L. laboriosa has larger ascospores ([6 –] 8 – 12 [– 16] × [2 –] 2.5 – 4 [– 5] µm vs. [6 –] 7 – 8.5 [– 10] × 2.5 – 3.5 [– 4] μm) and hyaline to light brown hypothecium; L. polypycnidophora has broader ascospores (6 – 8 × 3 – 4.5 μm vs. [6 –] 7 – 8.5 [– 10] × 2.5 – 3.5 [– 4] μm) and abundant pycnidia (Inoue 1991; Hertel and Printzen 2004; Ruprecht et al. 2010; Fryday et al. 2024).	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
7BF91E621DC151D28D90C018B6E4FCF1.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
7BF91E621DC151D28D90C018B6E4FCF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lecidea tibetica is characterized by a well-developed thallus, I + violet medulla, hyaline to pale straw-colored hypothecium, and the presence of 2 ’ - O - methyperlatolic acid as the major secondary metabolite.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
7BF91E621DC151D28D90C018B6E4FCF1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet “ tibetica ” refers to the type location, Tibet Province, China.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
7BF91E621DC151D28D90C018B6E4FCF1.taxon	description	Description. Thallus: crustose, areolate to rimose-areolate, flat to bullate, thick (up to 1.1 mm); prothallus: black, obvious at the margin of the thalli; areoles: dispersed, irregular, flat to convex, sometimes expand into a tuberous structure; surface: gray to bluish gray or whitish gray (the shady side), esorediate; cortex: 12 – 20 μm thick; medulla: white, I + violet; algal layer: 50 – 100 μm thick; photobiont trebouxioid, cells (5.5 –) 7.5 – 13 μm diam. Apothecia: black, immersed to subimmersed, lecideine, up to 4.5 mm in diam.; disc: black, flat to slightly convex, epruinose, often irregularly cracked in old apothecia; proper margin: dull, often dark grey, persistent, sometimes undulate. In section: exciple: dark brown outside, unpigmented inside, with large crystals insoluble in K and N; epihymenium: olive-brown (N + orange-brown, K –), 15 – 25 μm thick; hymenium: hyaline, 70 – 85 μm tall; paraphyses: simple, occasionally scarcely branched and anastomosing; subhymenium: hyaline, poorly distinguishable from the hymenium; hypothecium: hyaline to pale straw colored, c. 200 μm; asci: clavate, Lecidea - type or Porpidia - type (occasionally observed in immature asci), 8 - spored; ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, 11.5 – 13 × 6 – 8 μm, length-width index: 1.6 – 2 (n = 20). Conidiomata: immersed, graphidoid; conidia: bacilliform, (14 –) 15 – 18 (– 19) × 1 μm.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
7BF91E621DC151D28D90C018B6E4FCF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is associated with Rhizocarpon sp. and has been documented so far only in the Tibet Province of China, where it grows on non-calcareous rocks in high-altitude areas.	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
7BF91E621DC151D28D90C018B6E4FCF1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Lecidea tibetica is morphologically similar to L. confluens (Weber) Ach., L. tessellata Flörke, and Porpidia speirea (Ach.) Kremp., as they all have a well-developed and grayish thallus, I + violet medulla, and immersed to sub-immersed apothecia. However, among the latter three species, all exhibit smaller apothecia (generally less than 2 mm), conidia measuring 8 – 13 × 1 – 1.3 μm (vs. [14 –] 15 – 18 [– 19] × 1 μm), and contain confluentic acid as the primary secondary metabolite. Specifically, Lecidea confluens has a brown to dark brown hypothecium, while L. tessellata lacks conspicuous apothecial margins. Porpidia speirea can be distinguished by the presence of prominent dark parathecial margins, halonate ascospores, and a dark brown hypothecium. Like Lecidea tibetica, L. stratura K. Knudsen & Lendemer also has a white to grayish thallus, I + medulla, and contains 2 ’ - O - methyperlatolic acid. However, it has a blue to blue-green epihymenium, a shorter hypothecium (70 – 100 μm vs. 200 μm), smaller ascospores (8 – 9.5 × 3.0 – 5.5 μm vs. 11.5 – 13 × 6 – 8 μm), and a distinctly thin thallus (usually 0.2 – 0.5 mm thick) rather than a thick thallus (up to 1.1 mm thick) like L. tibetica (Knudsen et al. 2017).	en	Ren, Zhaojie, Li, Ruotong, Wang, Chunxiao, Xue, Junxia, Wang, Lisong, Wang, Xinyu, Zhang, Lulu (2025): Morphology, chemistry, and phylogeny reveal three new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae) from China. MycoKeys 121: 341-356, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.121.161062
