taxonID	type	description	language	source
F55187E75745E025FF13A578FF38A7BC.taxon	description	(Fig. 2: A, Fig. 3: A, Fig. 4, Fig. 7: A, Fig. 8: A)	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75745E025FF13A578FF38A7BC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Evans (1937: 17) described this species based on one male specimen from ‘ Formosa’ [= Taiwan] and ‘ a similar female in the British Museum from Tatsienlou, W. China’. Then, he recorded another male specimen of Halpe gamma from Fujian (Evans 1949: 261). In his 1949 work Evans designated the male from Formosa as lectotype, stating that it is housed in ‘ B. M. ’, currently Natural History Museum, London. Subsequent authors published more information on the species, which is now known to be distributed from Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Gansu and central Vietnam. However, judging from the results of the present study and our unpublished data, the true H. gamma is possibly endemic to Taiwan, while the specimens from the mainland China and the Indochina Peninsular require a re-examination to confirm their identities. The male genitalia of Halpe gamma is illustrated in detail (Fig. 4) for comparison with the following two new species.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	description	(Fig. 2: B, Fig. 3: B, Fig. 5, Fig. 7: B, Fig. 8: B)	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China, 16. VII. 2019, leg. Xue Guo-Xi [Specimen ID B 98, Genitalia No. WZS 41]. PARATYPE. 1 ♀, the same locality and collector as the holotype, 17. VII. 2019 [Specimen ID A 80, Genitalia No. WZS 11].	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Halpe gamma, but can be separated from the latter by the following combination of characters. In the male, on the dorsal side of the forewing of Halpe gamma (Fig. 2: A; Devyatkin 2008: 434, fig. 3; Wu & Hsu 2017: 1367, fig. 6; Hsu et al. 2019: pl. 9, fig. 70), there are always two small subapical spots in spaces R 4 and R 5, sometimes with a tiny dot in space R 3, while the spots in spaces R 4 and R 5 are well developed in the new species, twice the size of the two in H. gamma; in H. gamma, the spot in space CuA 1 is away from the lower cell spot and slightly overlapped with the spot in space M 3, but in the new species it is elongate, close to the lower cell spot and overlapping with the inner half of the spot in space M 3. In the female, on both sides of the forewing of Halpe gamma (Fig. 3: A; Wu & Hsu 2017: 1367, fig. 7) there is a small spot in space CuA 2 attached to the mid-vein 2 A, but it is absent in the female of the new species. In the male genitalia, the lateral processes of the tegumen are much slenderer in the new species (Fig. 5: H) than in Halpe gamma (Fig. 4: M); in the new species, the distal branch of the valva is immediately bent upward at approximately 45 ° after the proximal branch (Fig. 5: C), but in H. gamma there is a flat surface between the two branches and the distal one is almost straightly bent upward (Fig. 4: B); the footstalks of the valva are narrower in the new species (Fig. 5: E, F) than in H. gamma (Fig. 4: H); in lateral view, the middle of the dorsal margin of the aedeagus is convex in the new species (Fig. 5: K, M), but this area is more swollen and extended in H. gamma (Fig. 4: I, J). In the female genitalia of the new species (Fig. 7: B, Fig. 8: B), the two outer branches of the lamella antevaginalis are thinner than those of Halpe gamma. The two inner branches of the lamella antevaginalis are much wider and strongly bent inward in the new species than in H. gamma.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from Wuzhishan of Hainan, the type locality.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after Mr. Yutaka Inayoshi (Chiang Mai) for his kind help in the first author’s study on Hesperiidae.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Since there is only one specimen for each sex of this new species, the variability in both wing patterns and genitalia cannot be detected at present.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.taxon	description	(Fig. 2: C – F, Fig. 3: C – H, Fig. 6, Fig. 7: C – F, Fig. 8: C – H)	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, China, 29. VI. 2016, leg. Xue Guo-Xi [Specimen ID A 34, Genitalia No. GXST 1]. PARATYPES. The same locality as the holotype, leg. Wang Chun-Hao: 1 ♂, 14. VI. 2015 [Specimen ID A 33, Genitalia No. GXST 4]; 1 ♀, 13. VI. 2015 [Specimen ID B 6, Genitalia No. GXST 5]. Nanling National Nature Reserve, 1000 m, Ruyuan, Guangdong, China, leg. Xue Guo-Xi & Li Fang: 4 ♂♂, 26. VI. 2024 [Specimen ID E 30, Genitalia No. GD 63], 27. VI. 2024 [Specimen ID E 29, Genitalia No. GD 62], 15. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 87, Genitalia No. GD 35], 15. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 103, Genitalia No. GD 36]; 5 ♀♀, 18. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 81, Genitalia No. GD 22], 14. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 82, Genitalia No. GD 21], 14. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 83, Genitalia No. GD 20], 14. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 84, Genitalia No. GD 19], 16. VII. 2023 [Specimen ID B 100, Genitalia No. GD 18].	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In the male of this new species, on the dorsal side of the forewing there is a tiny dot in space R 3, and the spot in space CuA 1 is close to the lower cell spot and partly overlapped with the spot in space M 3. These characters make Halpe hsuyufengi sp. nov. easily distinguishable from H. gamma but externally similar to H. inayoshii sp. nov. However, the lower cell spot in H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. is elongated toward wing base, nearly twice as long as the upper one, while in H. inayoshii sp. nov. the lower cell spot is a little longer than the upper one. In the female of Halpe hsuyufengi sp. nov., the following individual variability on the dorsal side of the forewing can be noticed: in some specimens the spot in space R 3 is absent, the upper cell spot maybe normal or elongated, the lower cell spot is sometimes vestigial but in some individuals it is well developed, the spot in space CuA 1 maybe away from the lower cell spot or close to the latter, the spot in the lower half of space CuA 2 is sometimes present. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish the females of Halpe gamma, H. inayoshii sp. nov. and H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. by wing patterns alone. In the male genitalia of this new species, the direction of the distal branch of the valva (Fig. 6: B), the thickness of the lateral processes of the tegumen (Fig. 6: G) and the shape of the aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 6: I, K) are similar to those of Halpe inayoshii sp. nov., differing to those of H. gamma in the same way. However, H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. can be distinguished from H. inayoshii sp. nov. by the smaller proximal branch of the valva and the more prominently serrated edges of the footstalks (Fig. 6: D, E; Fig. 5: E, F). In the female genitalia of H. hsuyufengi sp. nov., the two inner branches of the lamella antevaginalis are variable in thickness and shape (Fig. 8: C – H), but they are obviously longer than those of H. inayoshii sp. nov. and H. gamma. In addition, the lamella postvaginalis of H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. is almost twice the length of those of H. inayoshii sp. nov. and H. gamma.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jinxiu (central-eastern Guangxi), Ruyuan (northern Guangdong).	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after Prof. Hsu Yu-Feng (National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei) for his kind help in the first author’s study on Hesperiidae.	en	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
