identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F55187E75745E025FF13A578FF38A7BC.text	F55187E75745E025FF13A578FF38A7BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halpe gamma Evans 1937	<div><p>Halpe gamma Evans, 1937</p><p>(Fig. 2: A, Fig. 3: A, Fig. 4, Fig. 7: A, Fig. 8: A)</p><p>Halpe gamma Evans, 1937, The Entomologist 70: 17, type locality: Formosa; Evans 1949: 261 (Formosa); Devyatkin 2008: 292, 296, fig. 2 for male genitalia, 434, figs. 3 &amp; 4 for male adult; Wu &amp; Hsu 2017: 1366, 1367, figs. 6 &amp; 7 for adults of both sexes; Hsu et al. 2019: 122, pl. 9, figs. 70, 71 for adults of both sexes, pl. 27, fig. 184 for male genitalia, pl. 45, fig. 254 for female genitalia.</p><p>Halpe nephele formosana Tanikawa, 1940, Taiko 16: 47, type locality: Taiwan. (following Hsu et al. 2019: 122)</p><p>Halpe gamma (?): Evans 1949: 261 (Fukien, Ta Tsien Lou); Huang &amp; Wu, 2003: 135, fig. 35 for male genitalia, pl. 11, fig. 13 for male adult; Yuan et al. 2015: 396, fig. 168 for male genitalia, pl. IX, figs. 317 &amp; 318 for male adult; Wu &amp; Hsu 2017: 1367, figs. 5, 8–13 for adults of both sexes; Huang &amp; Wu 2021: 419, figs. 7–10 for male adults and male genitalia; Saito &amp; Inayoshi 2023: 55, fig. 4 for male adult, fig. 5 for male genitalia.</p><p>Specimens examined. 2♂♂, Sanmin, Fuxing, Taoyuan Co., Taiwan, China, 20.IX.2011 [Specimen ID E107, Genitalia No. TW1], 8.IX.2008 [Specimen ID E108, Genitalia No. TW2], leg. Hsu Yu-Feng. 1♂, Daman–Xuanyuan, Taoyuan Co., Taiwan, China, 14.VI.1987, leg. Hsu Yu-Feng (genitalia examined from photos).</p><p>Remarks. Evans (1937: 17) described this species based on one male specimen from ‘Formosa’ [= Taiwan] and ‘a similar female in the British Museum from Tatsienlou, W. China’. Then, he recorded another male specimen of Halpe gamma from Fujian (Evans 1949: 261). In his 1949 work Evans designated the male from Formosa as lectotype, stating that it is housed in ‘B.M.’, currently Natural History Museum, London. Subsequent authors published more information on the species, which is now known to be distributed from Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Gansu and central Vietnam. However, judging from the results of the present study and our unpublished data, the true H. gamma is possibly endemic to Taiwan, while the specimens from the mainland China and the Indochina Peninsular require a re-examination to confirm their identities.</p><p>The male genitalia of Halpe gamma is illustrated in detail (Fig. 4) for comparison with the following two new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F55187E75745E025FF13A578FF38A7BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guo-Xi;Li, Meng;Liu, Zhi-Fa;Li, Jia-Ling;Wang, Hong-Min	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.text	F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halpe inayoshii Xue & M Li 2025	<div><p>Halpe inayoshii Xue &amp; M Li, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 2: B, Fig. 3: B, Fig. 5, Fig. 7: B, Fig. 8: B)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China, 16.VII.2019, leg. Xue Guo-Xi [Specimen ID B98, Genitalia No. WZS41].</p><p>PARATYPE. 1♀, the same locality and collector as the holotype, 17.VII.2019 [Specimen ID A80, Genitalia No. WZS11] .</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Halpe gamma, but can be separated from the latter by the following combination of characters.</p><p>In the male, on the dorsal side of the forewing of Halpe gamma (Fig. 2: A; Devyatkin 2008: 434, fig. 3; Wu &amp; Hsu 2017: 1367, fig. 6; Hsu et al. 2019: pl. 9, fig. 70), there are always two small subapical spots in spaces R 4 and R 5, sometimes with a tiny dot in space R 3, while the spots in spaces R 4 and R 5 are well developed in the new species, twice the size of the two in H. gamma; in H. gamma, the spot in space CuA 1 is away from the lower cell spot and slightly overlapped with the spot in space M 3, but in the new species it is elongate, close to the lower cell spot and overlapping with the inner half of the spot in space M 3.</p><p>In the female, on both sides of the forewing of Halpe gamma (Fig. 3: A; Wu &amp; Hsu 2017: 1367, fig. 7) there is a small spot in space CuA 2 attached to the mid-vein 2A, but it is absent in the female of the new species.</p><p>In the male genitalia, the lateral processes of the tegumen are much slenderer in the new species (Fig. 5: H) than in Halpe gamma (Fig. 4: M); in the new species, the distal branch of the valva is immediately bent upward at approximately 45° after the proximal branch (Fig. 5: C), but in H. gamma there is a flat surface between the two branches and the distal one is almost straightly bent upward (Fig. 4: B); the footstalks of the valva are narrower in the new species (Fig. 5: E, F) than in H. gamma (Fig. 4: H); in lateral view, the middle of the dorsal margin of the aedeagus is convex in the new species (Fig. 5: K, M), but this area is more swollen and extended in H. gamma (Fig. 4: I, J).</p><p>In the female genitalia of the new species (Fig. 7: B, Fig. 8: B), the two outer branches of the lamella antevaginalis are thinner than those of Halpe gamma . The two inner branches of the lamella antevaginalis are much wider and strongly bent inward in the new species than in H. gamma .</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Wuzhishan of Hainan, the type locality.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named after Mr. Yutaka Inayoshi (Chiang Mai) for his kind help in the first author’s study on Hesperiidae .</p><p>Remarks. Since there is only one specimen for each sex of this new species, the variability in both wing patterns and genitalia cannot be detected at present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F55187E75743E020FF13A5A1FD11A1E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guo-Xi;Li, Meng;Liu, Zhi-Fa;Li, Jia-Ling;Wang, Hong-Min	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.text	F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halpe hsuyufengi Xue & M Li 2025	<div><p>Halpe hsuyufengi Xue &amp; M Li, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 2: C–F, Fig. 3: C–H, Fig. 6, Fig. 7: C–F, Fig. 8: C–H)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, China, 29.VI.2016, leg. Xue Guo-Xi [Specimen ID A 34, Genitalia No. GXST1].</p><p>PARATYPES. The same locality as the holotype, leg. Wang Chun-Hao: 1♂, 14.VI.2015 [Specimen ID A33, Genitalia No. GXST4]; 1♀, 13.VI.2015 [Specimen ID B6, Genitalia No. GXST5]. Nanling National Nature Reserve, 1000 m, Ruyuan, Guangdong, China, leg. Xue Guo-Xi &amp; Li Fang : 4♂♂, 26.VI.2024 [Specimen ID E30, Genitalia No. GD63], 27.VI.2024 [Specimen ID E29, Genitalia No. GD62], 15.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B87, Genitalia No. GD35], 15.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B103, Genitalia No. GD36]; 5♀♀, 18.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B81, Genitalia No. GD22], 14.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B82, Genitalia No. GD21], 14.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B83, Genitalia No. GD20], 14.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B84, Genitalia No. GD19], 16.VII.2023 [Specimen ID B100, Genitalia No. GD18] .</p><p>Diagnosis. In the male of this new species, on the dorsal side of the forewing there is a tiny dot in space R 3, and the spot in space CuA 1 is close to the lower cell spot and partly overlapped with the spot in space M 3. These characters make Halpe hsuyufengi sp. nov. easily distinguishable from H. gamma but externally similar to H. inayoshii sp. nov. However, the lower cell spot in H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. is elongated toward wing base, nearly twice as long as the upper one, while in H. inayoshii sp. nov. the lower cell spot is a little longer than the upper one.</p><p>In the female of Halpe hsuyufengi sp. nov., the following individual variability on the dorsal side of the forewing can be noticed: in some specimens the spot in space R 3 is absent, the upper cell spot maybe normal or elongated, the lower cell spot is sometimes vestigial but in some individuals it is well developed, the spot in space CuA 1 maybe away from the lower cell spot or close to the latter, the spot in the lower half of space CuA 2 is sometimes present. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish the females of Halpe gamma, H. inayoshii sp. nov. and H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. by wing patterns alone.</p><p>In the male genitalia of this new species, the direction of the distal branch of the valva (Fig. 6: B), the thickness of the lateral processes of the tegumen (Fig. 6: G) and the shape of the aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 6: I, K) are similar to those of Halpe inayoshii sp. nov., differing to those of H. gamma in the same way. However, H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. can be distinguished from H. inayoshii sp. nov. by the smaller proximal branch of the valva and the more prominently serrated edges of the footstalks (Fig. 6: D, E; Fig. 5: E, F).</p><p>In the female genitalia of H. hsuyufengi sp. nov., the two inner branches of the lamella antevaginalis are variable in thickness and shape (Fig. 8: C–H), but they are obviously longer than those of H. inayoshii sp. nov. and H. gamma . In addition, the lamella postvaginalis of H. hsuyufengi sp. nov. is almost twice the length of those of H. inayoshii sp. nov. and H. gamma .</p><p>Distribution. Jinxiu (central-eastern Guangxi), Ruyuan (northern Guangdong).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named after Prof. Hsu Yu-Feng (National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei) for his kind help in the first author’s study on Hesperiidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F55187E75740E02FFF13A662FCEFA195	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guo-Xi;Li, Meng;Liu, Zhi-Fa;Li, Jia-Ling;Wang, Hong-Min	Xue, Guo-Xi, Li, Meng, Liu, Zhi-Fa, Li, Jia-Ling, Wang, Hong-Min (2025): Description of two new cryptic species related to Halpe gamma Evans, 1937 from China (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zootaxa 5660 (2): 279-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.9
