taxonID	type	description	language	source
2893B82752925BBFAA7FB9A9141EEFF6.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mya crassa Wood, 1815, by original designation.	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
EA9E7DA80CD85E328F9F827D288F2F67.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 5 D	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
EA9E7DA80CD85E328F9F827D288F2F67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell oblong, slender, very curved, relatively thin, fragile, rather smooth. Front end of the shell higher than the posterior end. Inhabiting the deep torrent of the wide section of the lower Lancangjiang River (upper Mekong River).	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
EA9E7DA80CD85E328F9F827D288F2F67.taxon	description	Description. Shell large, symmetric, flat, relatively thin, fragile, sub-glossy, oblong, slender, very curved, rather smooth, dark brown to black. Anterior, dorsal and posterior margin rounded; ventral margin concave. Umbo smooth, inflated, slightly under hinge line, located at 1 / 4 of the dorsal margin, and often eroded. Umbo cavity shallow. Growth lines arranged in irregular concentric circles. Hinge long and strong. Mantle attachment scars small, deep and sparse. Mantle muscle scars obvious. Anterior adductor muscle scars irregular oval, deep and coarse; posterior adductor muscle scars oval, smooth. Left valve with two pseudocardinal teeth, anterior one reduced, posterior one strong and connected to lateral teeth; right valve with two pseudocardinal teeth, anterior one strong and high, posterior one reduced, connected to lateral teeth. Lateral teeth of both valves relatively strong, rough, long and thick. Nacre white, with irregular yellow halo in partial individuals. Mantle light brown. aperture margins black, papillae of the excurrent aperture highly degraded, papillae of the incurrent aperture strong and forked. Gills light brown, inner gills slightly longer and wider than outer gills. Labial palpsrown, irregular triangle, distally pointed. Visceral mass grayish white. Foot black, fades to brown in formalin.	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
EA9E7DA80CD85E328F9F827D288F2F67.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype: shell length 116.4 mm, height 45.3 mm, width 30.4 mm. Paratypes: shell length 101.9 – 130.2 mm, height 40.3 – 49.1 mm, width 27.2 – 36.0 mm.	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
EA9E7DA80CD85E328F9F827D288F2F67.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is made from Latin Sino for China, referring to its type locality. The Chinese vernacular name is 中华弓背蚌 (pīnyīn: zhōng huá gōng bèi bàng) and the English vernacular name is Chinese freshwater pearl mussel.	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
EA9E7DA80CD85E328F9F827D288F2F67.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Known from several kilometers of the Nanbanhe River upstream of Menglun Town (Fig. 3). Living under huge stone in the deep torrent of the wide river section (Fig. 4). The habitat will not be exposed out of the water even during the season with the lowest water level. Usually found together with Lens comptus (Deshayes, 1876), Unionetta fabagina (Deshayes, 1876), and Bineurus mouhotii (Lea, 1863). The population is extremely small, with fewer than 100 living animals found in a 3 - year survey. The reproduction of the new species has encountered serious problems, the population is almost entirely composed of elderly individuals and with no juveniles. It will soon become extinct without protective measures.	en	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Hui, Hu, Hong-Fei, Jiang, Jiao, Guo, Liang, Ouyang, Shan, Zhao, Xing-Xing, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2025): Gibbosula sinensis, a new species on the verge of extinction of the world’s most threatened freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 from China (Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta, Unionida). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1613-1620, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.166584
