taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
AACC0E9401E75F29811EBC19CB460CC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675800	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure4	Figure 4. Lulilan chumbi sp. nov. (I). Living male, right-lateral view (© Ji-Shen Wang).	Figure 4. Lulilan chumbi sp. nov. (I). Living male, right-lateral view (© Ji-Shen Wang).	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
AACC0E9401E75F29811EBC19CB460CC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675801	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure5	Figure 5. Lulilan chumbi sp. nov. (II). A, B. Habitus of male, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; C. Apex of epandrium, left-lateral view; D. Terminal abdomen, left-lateral view; E, F. Genital bulb, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; G. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; H. Genital bulb, caudal view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DcH – dorsocaudal horn; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; NO – notal organ; PhG – pheromone gland; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 5. Lulilan chumbi sp. nov. (II). A, B. Habitus of male, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; C. Apex of epandrium, left-lateral view; D. Terminal abdomen, left-lateral view; E, F. Genital bulb, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; G. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; H. Genital bulb, caudal view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DcH – dorsocaudal horn; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; NO – notal organ; PhG – pheromone gland; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
AACC0E9401E75F29811EBC19CB460CC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675802	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure6	Figure 6. Lulilan chumbi sp. nov. (III). A – C. Right gonostylus, ventral, left-lateral, and dorsal views; D – F. Aedeagal complex, ventral, right-lateral, and dorsal views. Abbreviations: BL – basal lobe; DBr – dorsal bridge; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; LPr – lateral process; Pm – paramere; Pst – piston of sperm pump; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 6. Lulilan chumbi sp. nov. (III). A – C. Right gonostylus, ventral, left-lateral, and dorsal views; D – F. Aedeagal complex, ventral, right-lateral, and dorsal views. Abbreviations: BL – basal lobe; DBr – dorsal bridge; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; LPr – lateral process; Pm – paramere; Pst – piston of sperm pump; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
AACC0E9401E75F29811EBC19CB460CC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
EAAC8AB886815C28B00524B092CB9298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675797	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure1	Figure 1. Lulilan furcatus (Hardwicke, 1823) (I). Living male, left-lateral view (© Hao-Lin Gan).	Figure 1. Lulilan furcatus (Hardwicke, 1823) (I). Living male, left-lateral view (© Hao-Lin Gan).	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
EAAC8AB886815C28B00524B092CB9298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675798	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure2	Figure 2. Lulilan furcatus (Hardwicke, 1823) (II). A, C – G. Male; B. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. T 3 – T 4, dorsal view; D. A 6, dorsal view; E, F. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G. Abdomen, left-lateral view. Red arrowhead in G denotes the triangular projection on A 7. Abbreviations: DcH – dorsocaudal horn; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; NO – notal organ; PnO – postnotal organ; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium.	Figure 2. Lulilan furcatus (Hardwicke, 1823) (II). A, C – G. Male; B. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. T 3 – T 4, dorsal view; D. A 6, dorsal view; E, F. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G. Abdomen, left-lateral view. Red arrowhead in G denotes the triangular projection on A 7. Abbreviations: DcH – dorsocaudal horn; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; NO – notal organ; PnO – postnotal organ; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
EAAC8AB886815C28B00524B092CB9298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675799	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure3	Figure 3. Lulilan furcatus (Hardwicke, 1823) (III). A – E. Male; F, G. Female. A, B. Apex of epandrium, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; C. Apex of hypovalves, left-lateral view; D, E. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; F. Subgenital plate, ventral view; G. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Hv – hypovalve; HPr – hypandrial process; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; PA – posterior arm; PhG – pheromone gland; Pm – paramere; SgP – subgenital plate; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 3. Lulilan furcatus (Hardwicke, 1823) (III). A – E. Male; F, G. Female. A, B. Apex of epandrium, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; C. Apex of hypovalves, left-lateral view; D, E. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; F. Subgenital plate, ventral view; G. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Hv – hypovalve; HPr – hypandrial process; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; PA – posterior arm; PhG – pheromone gland; Pm – paramere; SgP – subgenital plate; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
EAAC8AB886815C28B00524B092CB9298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
A4FAE4C2614A502A94E78A4A1D129842.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675803	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure7	Figure 7. Neopanorpa dinggyensis sp. nov. A, C – G. Male; B, H, I. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D. Apex of epandrium, right-lateral view; E, F. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; H. Subgenital plate, ventral view; I. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 7. Neopanorpa dinggyensis sp. nov. A, C – G. Male; B, H, I. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D. Apex of epandrium, right-lateral view; E, F. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; H. Subgenital plate, ventral view; I. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
A4FAE4C2614A502A94E78A4A1D129842.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
49E7553A451C5CF3A0DCD033203F2E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675804	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure8	Figure 8. Neopanorpa ganmatsangpo sp. nov. A, C – I. Male; B, J, K. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. T 2 – T 5, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; F, G. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; H. Apex of epandrium, right-lateral view; I. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; J. Subgenital plate, ventral view; K. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 8. Neopanorpa ganmatsangpo sp. nov. A, C – I. Male; B, J, K. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. T 2 – T 5, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; F, G. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; H. Apex of epandrium, right-lateral view; I. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; J. Subgenital plate, ventral view; K. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
49E7553A451C5CF3A0DCD033203F2E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
D895F8DAC7D95BB29E2BCBEC23514846.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675805	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure9	Figure 9. Neopanorpa yadongensis sp. nov. A, C – H. Male; B, I, J. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. Apex of epandrium, left-lateral and dorsal views, respectively; F. Hypovalves, dorsal view; G. Genital bulb, ventral view; H. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; I. Subgenital plate, ventral view; J. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ax – axis; Ap – apodeme; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; LtP – lateroterminal process; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 9. Neopanorpa yadongensis sp. nov. A, C – H. Male; B, I, J. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. Apex of epandrium, left-lateral and dorsal views, respectively; F. Hypovalves, dorsal view; G. Genital bulb, ventral view; H. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; I. Subgenital plate, ventral view; J. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ax – axis; Ap – apodeme; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; LtP – lateroterminal process; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
D895F8DAC7D95BB29E2BCBEC23514846.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
0DCD63C3C95D52FBA192AC126215D7B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675806	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure10	Figure 10. Phine linyejiei sp. nov. A, C – G. Male; B, H, I. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D. Apex of epandrium, left-lateral view; E, F. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; H. Subgenital plate, ventral view; I. Medigynium, ventral view. Red arrowheads in G denote subapical processes on dorsal aedeagal processes. Abbreviations: Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 10. Phine linyejiei sp. nov. A, C – G. Male; B, H, I. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D. Apex of epandrium, left-lateral view; E, F. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G. Aedeagal complex, ventral view; H. Subgenital plate, ventral view; I. Medigynium, ventral view. Red arrowheads in G denote subapical processes on dorsal aedeagal processes. Abbreviations: Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; MP – main plate; MPr – median process; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
0DCD63C3C95D52FBA192AC126215D7B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
0FFDF0658A0B5F129E67145E5AD5A70D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675807	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure11	Figure 11. Sahyadrinorpa gen. nov. (redrawn after Rust and Byers 1976). A. Right wings of S. appendiculata (Westwood, 1841), comb. nov.; B. Right wings of S. zebrata (Esben-Petersen, 1915), comb. nov.; C. T 3 and T 4 of S. zebrata comb. nov., left-lateral view; D. Abdomen of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; E. Genital bulb of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; F. Genital bulb of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; G. Genital bulb of S. hirsuta (Crampton, 1931), comb. nov.; H. Epandrium and hypandrium of S. hirsuta comb. nov., left-lateral view; I. Apex of epandrium of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov.; J. Aedeagal complex of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; K. Aedeagal complex of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976); L. Apex of right hypovalve of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; M. Apex of left hypovalve of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view; N. Aedeagal complex of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; O. Subgenital plate of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; P. Subgenital plate of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; Q. Medigynium of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; R. Medigynium of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view. Abbreviations: 1 A – first anal vein; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; DBr – dorsal bridge; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; ORs – origin of radial sector; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; SPr – subapical processes; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 11. Sahyadrinorpa gen. nov. (redrawn after Rust and Byers 1976). A. Right wings of S. appendiculata (Westwood, 1841), comb. nov.; B. Right wings of S. zebrata (Esben-Petersen, 1915), comb. nov.; C. T 3 and T 4 of S. zebrata comb. nov., left-lateral view; D. Abdomen of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; E. Genital bulb of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; F. Genital bulb of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; G. Genital bulb of S. hirsuta (Crampton, 1931), comb. nov.; H. Epandrium and hypandrium of S. hirsuta comb. nov., left-lateral view; I. Apex of epandrium of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov.; J. Aedeagal complex of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; K. Aedeagal complex of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976); L. Apex of right hypovalve of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; M. Apex of left hypovalve of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view; N. Aedeagal complex of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; O. Subgenital plate of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; P. Subgenital plate of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; Q. Medigynium of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; R. Medigynium of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view. Abbreviations: 1 A – first anal vein; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; DBr – dorsal bridge; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; ORs – origin of radial sector; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; SPr – subapical processes; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
0FFDF0658A0B5F129E67145E5AD5A70D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
8959D5A90409589986892AB62C3C4192.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675808	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure12	Figure 12. Yinorpa brevistyla sp. nov. A, C – K. Male; B, L, M. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. T 3 – T 5, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; F. Distal half of epandrium, ventral view; G – I. Genital bulb, right-lateral, ventral, and dorsal views; J, K. Genital bulb with hypovalves spread, ventral and caudal views, respectively; L. Subgenital plate, ventral view; M. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 12. Yinorpa brevistyla sp. nov. A, C – K. Male; B, L, M. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. T 3 – T 5, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; F. Distal half of epandrium, ventral view; G – I. Genital bulb, right-lateral, ventral, and dorsal views; J, K. Genital bulb with hypovalves spread, ventral and caudal views, respectively; L. Subgenital plate, ventral view; M. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
8959D5A90409589986892AB62C3C4192.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
712604B67E02576890225F6FFF9DCDDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675808	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure12	Figure 12. Yinorpa brevistyla sp. nov. A, C – K. Male; B, L, M. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. T 3 – T 5, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; F. Distal half of epandrium, ventral view; G – I. Genital bulb, right-lateral, ventral, and dorsal views; J, K. Genital bulb with hypovalves spread, ventral and caudal views, respectively; L. Subgenital plate, ventral view; M. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 12. Yinorpa brevistyla sp. nov. A, C – K. Male; B, L, M. Female. A, B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Abdomen, left-lateral view; D, E. T 3 – T 5, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively; F. Distal half of epandrium, ventral view; G – I. Genital bulb, right-lateral, ventral, and dorsal views; J, K. Genital bulb with hypovalves spread, ventral and caudal views, respectively; L. Subgenital plate, ventral view; M. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ae – aedeagus; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; Ce – cercus; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; EpL – epandrial lobe; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
712604B67E02576890225F6FFF9DCDDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675807	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure11	Figure 11. Sahyadrinorpa gen. nov. (redrawn after Rust and Byers 1976). A. Right wings of S. appendiculata (Westwood, 1841), comb. nov.; B. Right wings of S. zebrata (Esben-Petersen, 1915), comb. nov.; C. T 3 and T 4 of S. zebrata comb. nov., left-lateral view; D. Abdomen of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; E. Genital bulb of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; F. Genital bulb of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; G. Genital bulb of S. hirsuta (Crampton, 1931), comb. nov.; H. Epandrium and hypandrium of S. hirsuta comb. nov., left-lateral view; I. Apex of epandrium of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov.; J. Aedeagal complex of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; K. Aedeagal complex of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976); L. Apex of right hypovalve of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; M. Apex of left hypovalve of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view; N. Aedeagal complex of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; O. Subgenital plate of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; P. Subgenital plate of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; Q. Medigynium of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; R. Medigynium of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view. Abbreviations: 1 A – first anal vein; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; DBr – dorsal bridge; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; ORs – origin of radial sector; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; SPr – subapical processes; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	Figure 11. Sahyadrinorpa gen. nov. (redrawn after Rust and Byers 1976). A. Right wings of S. appendiculata (Westwood, 1841), comb. nov.; B. Right wings of S. zebrata (Esben-Petersen, 1915), comb. nov.; C. T 3 and T 4 of S. zebrata comb. nov., left-lateral view; D. Abdomen of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; E. Genital bulb of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; F. Genital bulb of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; G. Genital bulb of S. hirsuta (Crampton, 1931), comb. nov.; H. Epandrium and hypandrium of S. hirsuta comb. nov., left-lateral view; I. Apex of epandrium of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov.; J. Aedeagal complex of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; K. Aedeagal complex of S. echinata (Rust & Byers, 1976); L. Apex of right hypovalve of S. appendiculata comb. nov., left-lateral view; M. Apex of left hypovalve of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view; N. Aedeagal complex of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; O. Subgenital plate of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; P. Subgenital plate of S. denticulata (Rust & Byers, 1976), comb. nov., ventral view; Q. Medigynium of S. appendiculata comb. nov., ventral view; R. Medigynium of S. zebrata comb. nov., ventral view. Abbreviations: 1 A – first anal vein; Ap – apodeme; Ax – axis; BL – basal lobe; DBr – dorsal bridge; DPr – dorsal process; DV – dorsal valve; Ep – epandrium; Gcx – gonocoxite; Gs – gonostylus; Hv – hypovalve; LPr – lateral process; MP – main plate; NO – notal organ; ORs – origin of radial sector; PA – posterior arm; Pm – paramere; PnO – postnotal organ; SgP – subgenital plate; SPr – subapical processes; StH – basal stalk of hypandrium; StP – stalk of paramere; VV – ventral valve.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
712604B67E02576890225F6FFF9DCDDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1675809	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.73.183879.figure13	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	Figure 13. Distribution of 38 Panorpidae species from the Himalayas and adjacent regions.	2026-06-10	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen		Zenodo	biologists	Tang, Qing;Wang, Ji-Shen			
