identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C868A78FD570576696DE45CA130ADD05.text	C868A78FD570576696DE45CA130ADD05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ilocomba Brescovit 1997	<div><p>Genus Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997</p><p>Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997: 82, type species (by original designation): I. marta Brescovit, 1997: 82, figs 204–209.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 can be recognized by the following combination of characters: a well-developed cymbial projection at the base of the cymbium (Figs 5 B, 5 C, 6 A, 6 B, 14 A, 14 B); a rigid embolus, inserted prolatero-medially on the tegulum and directed straight (Figs 5 A, 7 A, 12 A, 13 A, 15 A, 15 B); a bifid median apophysis divided into two distinct branches: a dorsal branch that is elongate, thin, and distally hook-shaped, and a ventral branch that is robust and more heavily sclerotized (Figs 5 A, 7 A – E, 12 A, 13 A, 15 A – E); and a markedly reduced retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 6 A – C, 14 B, 14 C). Females are distinguished by having large spermathecae with very short copulatory ducts, approximately half the length of the spermathecae, inserted anteriorly, and an epigyne bearing posterior lateral sclerotizations (Figs 5 F, 5 G, 8 A – D, 12 F, 12 G, 13 C, 13 D).</p><p>Composition.</p><p>Three species, Ilocomba marta Brescovit, 1997, Ilocomba perija Brescovit, 1997 and Ilocomba yotoco Martínez and Cabra-García sp. nov.</p><p>Intrasexual dimorphism in Ilocomba .</p><p>Extensive sampling of Ilocomba marta, along with a representative series of I. yotoco, revealed clear intrasexual variation among males of both species (Figs 1 C, 1 D, 17). Two distinct male morphotypes, alpha and beta, were identified, differing primarily in size, length of the chelicerae, and orientation. In alpha males, the chelicerae are markedly elongated; the fang is significantly longer than in beta males, reaching nearly twice its length, while the paturon may be up to three times longer than that of beta males (Figs 3 A – D, 10 A – D).</p><p>In contrast, beta males possess small, vertically oriented chelicerae, closely resembling those of females; the fang is nearly equal in length to the paturon (Figs 4 A – D, 9 A – D, 11 A – D, 16 A – D). The anterior legs of alpha males are slightly longer and more densely setose. Some variation in coloration was observed, particularly among populations of I. marta, but no consistent patterns were associated with the male morphotypes. Despite these pronounced somatic differences, no variation in genital morphology was detected between alpha and beta males in either species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C868A78FD570576696DE45CA130ADD05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel;Eyes-Escalante, Melisa;Cabra-García, Jimmy	Martínez, Leonel, Eyes-Escalante, Melisa, Cabra-García, Jimmy (2026): Morphological and molecular evidence support a new species of the genus Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) from the Andes of Colombia. ZooKeys 1278: 19-51, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.162601
4DF3F6FCD0B4530BA5D58ABC3B1D7EAC.text	4DF3F6FCD0B4530BA5D58ABC3B1D7EAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ilocomba marta Brescovit 1997	<div><p>Ilocomba marta Brescovit, 1997</p><p>Figs 1 C – E, 3 –9, 17 A – C</p><p>Ilocomba marta Brescovit, 1997: 82, figs 204–209 ( male holotype and paratypes from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.71667/lat 10.866667)">San Sebastian de Rabago</a> [10°52'00"N, 73°43'00"W], Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena Colombia, 1–10. V. 1968, B. Malkin leg., deposited in AMNH, examined ).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>Colombia. 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Cesar, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.83584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.837777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.83584/lat 10.837777)">Paso Bella Vista</a>; [10°50'16.0"N, 73°50'09.0"W]; alt. 3760 m; 7 Dec. 1978; H. Sturm leg.; MCZ-IZ 171000 • 1 ♂; Magdalena, Ciénaga, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, San Pedro, Hacienda Hierba Buena (Casa de Don Pablo), bordeando el potrero adyacente a la bajada de la casa; alt. 2177 m; 11 Jun. 2024; Conv. 890 ICETEX team leg.; secondary cloud forest, beating; ICN-Ar 13816 vchLAM-308 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13817 vchLAM-309 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13818 vchLAM-416 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13819 vchLAM-417 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13820 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13821 • 1 ♂; Magdalena, Santa Marta, Minca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.060486&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.108759" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.060486/lat 11.108759)">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Onaca, Camino cerca al Hostal Luisito</a>; (11°6'31.53"N, 74°3'37.73"W); alt. 2388 m; 15 Aug. 2024; Conv. 890 ICETEX team leg.; low secondary vegetation, beating; ICN-Ar 13822 vchLAM-431 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13823 vchLAM-432 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13824 vchLAM-433 • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 5 imm.; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13825 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13826 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13827 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13828 • 7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; ICN-Ar 13829 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Ilocomba marta Brescovit, 1997 differ from those of I. yotoco Martínez and Cabra-García sp. nov. by the smaller, pointed retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 6 A – C) (vs larger, truncated at the tip in I. yotoco); the sub-squared cymbial projection, rugose and covered with granules (Figs 5 B – E, 6 A, 6 B, 6 D) (vs larger, curved, and horn-shaped in I. yotoco); and the ventral branch of the median apophysis, which is broad at the base, apically pointed, and bearing a small projection on the prolateral side of the base (Figs 5 A, 7 A – E) (vs laminar, wide, and strongly sclerotized in I. yotoco). Females differ from those of I. yotoco Martínez and Cabra-García sp. nov. and I. perija Brescovit, 1997 by the larger, spherical spermathecae (Figs 5 F, 5 G, 8 A – D) (vs smaller and anteriorly elongated in I. yotoco); the thinner anterior copulatory ducts (vs wider and curved in I. yotoco); and the V-shaped sclerotization of the epigyne (vs sub-squared in I. yotoco).</p><p>Complementary description.</p><p>Male (ICN-Ar 13816). Coloration (Fig. 3 A – D). Carapace brown, with two broad, lateral, dark longitudinal bands covered with black setae; margins bearing abundant white to yellowish setae, more conspicuous in live specimens. Cephalic region more pigmented, densely covered with white setae; black markings extending from posterior eyes toward cephalic region; eyes bordered with black. Fovea clothed with black setae. Chelicerae dark brown, with black basal markings. Endites, labium, and sternum brown; labium more pigmented; sternum bordered by a dark band, projecting triangularly toward center as paired dark triangles. Legs pale yellow; coxae slightly bordered with black; femora pale yellow at base, with numerous distal black spots on all segments; patellae to tarsi pale yellow-brown, with multiple dark spots, bands, and dots on all segments; legs overall densely setose. Abdomen pale beige, with a short, broad, median darkband on anterior dorsum; lateral regions with numerous dark dots extending to venter; medial region with two broad, longitudinal, dark markings; posterior region with a broad dark patch and lateral extensions. Venter beige; epigastric area with large dark patch; spiracle surrounded by dark pigmentation. Spinnerets pale beige, encircled by scattered dark patches. Palp. Retrolateral tibial apophysis very short, pointed (Fig. 6 A – C). Cymbium almost as long as tibia; basal cymbial projection large, sub-squared, with finely rugose and granulate texture, composed of an irregular matrix of low reliefs and shallow depressions; slightly curved toward retrolateral side (Figs 5 B – E, 6 A – C). Tegulum longer than wide; sperm duct forming two loops (Figs 5 A, 7 A). Median apophysis with ventral branch very long, filiform, apically curved; dorsal branch strongly sclerotized, apically pointed, with a small projection at base of retrolateral edge (Figs 5 A, 7 A – E). Embolus long, with broad base, filiform, arising medially on tegulum (Figs 5 A, 7 A – C).</p><p>Female (ICN-Ar 13817). Coloration as in the male, but less pigmented (Fig. 4 A – D). Epigynal plate sclerotized, with large, rounded copulatory openings situated anteriorly, and V-shaped lateral sclerotizations (Fig. 5 F). Median field longer than wide, rectangular, delimited by broad and flat lateral lobes (Fig. 8 C). Internally, copulatory ducts short, curved, and thin, positioned anteriorly (Fig. 5 G). Spermathecae large, spherical, with prominent anterolateral accessory bulbs (Figs 5 F, 8 A, 8 B). Fertilization ducts external, extending beyond the length of the spermathecae (Figs 5 F, 8 A, 8 D).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena and Cesar Departments, Colombia (Fig. 18).</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>Specimens of this species are abundant in low vegetation within cloud forest matrices in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Fig. 1 A, B). Both sexes and juveniles are commonly collected together throughout the year. The species tends to be more abundant in secondary forests and in vegetation with dry leaves, where individuals construct retreats within the leaf layers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DF3F6FCD0B4530BA5D58ABC3B1D7EAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel;Eyes-Escalante, Melisa;Cabra-García, Jimmy	Martínez, Leonel, Eyes-Escalante, Melisa, Cabra-García, Jimmy (2026): Morphological and molecular evidence support a new species of the genus Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) from the Andes of Colombia. ZooKeys 1278: 19-51, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.162601
56A17659D68B5B10965439D210119298.text	56A17659D68B5B10965439D210119298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ilocomba yotoco Martinez & Cabra-Garcia 2026	<div><p>Ilocomba yotoco Martínez &amp; Cabra-García sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 D – F</p><p>Ilocomba marta Brescovit, 1997: 83 (one male from Yotoco [3°50'N, 76°20'W], Valle del Cauca Colombia, XII. 1976, W. Eberhad leg, deposited in MCZ, examined). Misidentification.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Colombia. 1 ♂ alpha; Valle del Cauca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.435936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8755362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.435936/lat 3.8755362)">Reserva Bosque Yotoco, sitio 2, parcela 1</a>; (3°52'31.93"N, 76°26'9.36"W); alt. 1590 m.; 19 Sep. 2021; J. Cabra leg.; beating; MUSENUV -Ar 2256.</p><p>Paratypes. Same data as for holotype; beta male, 1 ♂ (MUSENUV -Ar 225); 1 ♀ (MUSENUV -Ar 2255); 1 ♂ (vchLAM-418, MUSENUV -Ar 2254); 1 ♀ (MUSENUV -Ar 2254) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet yotoco refers to the Reserva Forestal Bosque de Yotoco, located in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, where the type specimens were collected. The name also honors the reserve’s ongoing efforts to conserve the biodiversity in the Andean montane forest in Colombia. The name is used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Ilocomba yotoco Martínez and Cabra-García, sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of I. marta Brescovit, 1997 by the horn-shaped, curved basal process of the cymbium (Figs 12 B – E, 13 B, 14 A, 14 B) (vs wide, sub-squared, poorly projected, and bearing a small projection in I. marta); the larger retrolateral tibial apophysis with an acuminate tip (Fig. 14 C) (vs poorly projected and apically pointed in I. marta); and the large, strongly sclerotized, scale-shaped ventral branch of the median apophysis (Figs 12 A, 13 A, 15 A – E) (vs sharp, thin, and pointed in I. marta). Females can be distinguished from all other species in the genus by their anteriorly elongated spermathecae, broader copulatory ducts, and the squared sclerotized sculpture of posterior side of the epigyne (Figs 12 F, 12 G, 13 C, 13 D).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype, MUSENUV -Ar 2256). Coloration (Fig. 10 A – D). Carapace light brown, with two broad, lateral, longitudinal bands covered with black setae; margins bearing abundant white setae. Cephalic region more pigmented, densely covered with white setae; fovea clothed with black setae. Chelicerae dark brown. Endites, labium, and sternum brown; labium more pigmented; sternum bordered by a dark band, projecting triangularly toward center as paired dark triangles. Legs pale yellow; coxae slightly bordered with black. Femora pale yellow proximally, with dense dark mottling and scattered black patches distally on all legs. Patellae to tarsi pale yellow-brown, with multiple dark spots and incomplete transverse bands; markings more defined and abundant on legs I and II. Abdomen pale beige, with a short, broad, median dark band on anterior dorsum; medial region with two wide, longitudinal, dark bands; lateral regions bearing numerous dark dots, extending onto ventral surface; posterior region with a broad dark patch. Venter cream-colored; epigastric area with large dark patch; spiracle surrounded by dark pigmentation. Spinnerets pale beige, encircled by scattered dark patches. Total length 3.81, carapace length 1.91, width 1.37, height 0.90. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.11, PME 0.14, PLE 0.13; AME – AME 0.17, AME – ALE 0.22, PME – PME 0.38, PME – PLE 0.35, ALE – PLE 0.27. Chelicerae 1.11 long, four promarginal teeth, four retromarginal denticles, all restricted to the base. Sternum length 1.09, width 0.80. Leg measurements: leg I — femur 2.18 / patella 0.83 / tibia 2.44 / metatarsus 2.06 / tarsus 0.94 / total 8.45; II — 2.09 / 0.85 / 2.44 / 2.08 / 0.94 / 8.40; III — 1.31 / 0.47 / 0.90 / 1.25 / 0.37 / 4.30; IV — 1.74 / 0.54 / 1.43 / 1.79 / 0.52 / 6.02. Leg spination: I — II tibia v 2-2 - 0, p 0-0 - 1, r 0-0 - 1, metatarsus d p 1 m, v 2-0 - 0, p d 1 - d 1-0, rd 1 - d 1-0; III — IV tibia v 2-2 - 0, p 1-1, r 1-1, metatarsus d p 1 m, v 2-0 - 2, p d 1-1 - 2, r d 1-1 - 2. Abdomen: length 2.07, epigastric furrow 0.44 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Palp. Femur with conical projection dorsally (Fig. 12 E, arrow). Retrolateral tibial apophysis short, pointed, dorsally displaced (Figs 12 B – E, 13 B, 14 A, 14 B). Cymbium almost as long as tibia; basal cymbial projection large, curved toward retrolateral side, with reticulations (Figs 12 B – E, 13 B, 14 A, 14 B). Tegulum longer than wide; sperm duct forming a single loop (Figs 12 A, 13 A, 15 A – E). Median apophysis with dorsal branch very long, filiform, apically curved; ventral branch strongly sclerotized, laminar, distally expanded (Fig. 15 A – E).). Embolus long, with broad base, filiform, arising medially on tegulum (Figs 12 A, 13 A, 15 A – E).</p><p>Female (Paratype, MUSENUV -Ar 2254). Coloration as in the male, but less pigmented (Fig. 11 A – D). Total length 3.42, carapace length 1.46, width 1.11, high 0.71. Clypeus height 0.03. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.10, PME 0.11, PLE 0.09; AME – AME 0.13, AME – ALE 0.17, PME – PME 0.29, PME – PLE 0.28, ALE – PLE 0.20. Chelicerae 0.54 long, four promarginal teeth, four retromarginal denticles. Sternum length 0.87, width 0.64. Leg measurements: leg I — femur 1.31 / patella 0.58 / tibia 1.34 / metatarsus 1.11 / tarsus 0.55 / total 4.89; II — 0.89 / 0.49 / 0.85 / 0.79 / 0.43 / 3.45; III — 0.84 / 0.40 / 0.65 / 0.75 / 0.35 / 2.99; IV — 1.41 / 0.49 / 1.13 / 1.25 / 0.41 / 4.69. Leg spination: I — II tibia v 2-2 - 0, p 1-1 - 0, r 1-1 - 0, metatarsus d p 1, v 2-0 - 0, p d 1 - d 1-0, rd 1 - d 1-0; III — tibia d r 1-0 - 0, v 2-0 - 2, p 0-1 - 1, r 0-1 - 1, metatarsus d p 1 m, v 2-0 - 2, p 0-1 - 2, r 0-1 - 2; IV — tibia d 1-0 - 0, v r 1 - r 1-2, p 0-1 - 1, r 0-1 - 1, metatarsus d p 1 m, 2-0 - 2, p 1-1 - 2, r 1-1 - 2. Abdomen: length 2.03, epigastric furrow 0.40 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.25 from base of spinnerets. Epigynal plate sclerotized, with large, rounded copulatory openings situated anteriorly (Fig. 12 F). Posterior region squared, with sclerotized margins (Fig. 12 F). Internally, copulatory ducts short, curved, very broad, positioned anteriorly (Figs 12 G, 13 D). Spermathecae large, elongate anteriorly. Fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae (Figs 12 G, 13 D).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Males (n = 4): total length: 3.05–3.81; carapace length: 1.51–1.98. Females (n = 2): total length: 3.11–3.42; carapace length: 1.35–1.46. Brown tones may appear darker in some specimens; the pattern of markings may vary slightly in distribution, and the spots sometimes appear black rather than dark green. No variation in genital morphology was observed between alpha and beta males.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from Valle del Cauca department, Colombia (Fig. 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56A17659D68B5B10965439D210119298	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel;Eyes-Escalante, Melisa;Cabra-García, Jimmy	Martínez, Leonel, Eyes-Escalante, Melisa, Cabra-García, Jimmy (2026): Morphological and molecular evidence support a new species of the genus Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) from the Andes of Colombia. ZooKeys 1278: 19-51, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.162601
