identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F719C0179B75B87EFF28F921FC37D5B0.text	F719C0179B75B87EFF28F921FC37D5B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sympotthastia Pagast 1947	<div><p>Genus Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947</p><p>Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947: 457 .</p><p>Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947: Serra-Tosio 1969: 129; Doughman 1985: 40; Makarchenko 1985: 56; Oliver 1986: 127; Oliver 1989: 140; Makarchenko 1994: 52; Wang 2000: 634; Ashe and O’Connor 2009: 309; Saether and Andersen 2013: 156; Wang et al. 2020: 251.</p><p>Type species: Sympotthastia zavreli Pagast, 1947 by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F719C0179B75B87EFF28F921FC37D5B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Xiangliang;Shangguan, Jingru;Fu, Yue	Fang, Xiangliang, Shangguan, Jingru, Fu, Yue (2025): Sympotthastia annularis sp. nov. from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with a worldwide key. Zootaxa 5717 (4): 571-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.5
F719C0179B76B87CFF28FF5DFD3DD061.text	F719C0179B76B87CFF28FF5DFD3DD061.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sympotthastia annularis Fang & Shangguan & Fu 2025	<div><p>Sympotthastia annularis Fu, sp. nov.</p><p>Figure 1A–G, Figure 2A–F</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNU: zdbs338): CHINA; Hubei Province, Huanggang City, Yingshan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.7913&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.1047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.7913/lat 31.1047)">Dabie Mountain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.7913&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.1047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.7913/lat 31.1047)">Guatian</a> waterfall; light trap; 31.1047°N 115.7913°E; 932 m a. s. l.; 5.IV.2023; collected by Zigang Xu. Paratype: 1 male (HNU: zdbs33802), same as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. This new species is named after the Latin word “ annularis ”, meaning “ring-like” or “circular”, referring to the circular form created by the paired aedeagal lobe and superior volsella.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. This species can be distinguished from related species by a combination of the following characters: AR 3.71; anal point absent; aedeagal lobe and superior volsella fused into a ring-like structure (AL + SVo); median aedeagal lobe rounded; phallapodeme well developed with distinctly enlarged, shoe-shaped apex.</p><p>Description. Adult male (N = 2)</p><p>Total length 5.13 –5.26 mm, Wing length 3.43–3.52 mm, TL/WL 1.49–1.50, WL/Pfe 2.19–2.25.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 1A). Head, thorax, and tergites uniformly brown, except for some yellow areas in the middle part of the lateral sides of the thorax.</p><p>Head (Fig. 1B). Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; antennal ratio (AR) 3.71–3.74. The ultimate flagellomere tapers subapically, ends in a clavate (club-shaped) and medially concave apex, and possesses a single apical seta (Fig. 1C). Eyes bare, extending to the mid-dorsal region. Temporal setae total 10, comprising 3–4 outer verticals and 7–8 postorbitals; inner verticals absent. Tentorium 252–255 µm long, 61–63 µm wide. Stipes 249–253 µm long, 12–14 µm wide. Clypeus with 3–5 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in µm): 58–60, 87–88, 207–210, 334–336, 233–240. Length ratio of palpomere 5 to palpomere 3 (P₅/P₃) 1.13–1.14. Apex of palpomere 3 with a sclerotized projection (Fig. 1D).</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1E). Antepronotal lobe with 10–12 basolateral setae; acrostichals absent, dorsocentrals 16–18; prealars 13–15; scutellars 69–70.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 1F). Anal lobes well developed. VR(Cu/M): 0.96; brachiolum with 8–10 setae; R with 9–10 setae; R 1 with 13–14 setae. Costal extension 69–70 µm.</p><p>Legs. The width of the fore tibia at its apex is 73–76 µm. The fore tibial spur 255–258 µm long; tarsomere I (ta₁) and tarsomere II (ta₂) each with 2 pseudospurs. The width of the mid tibia at its apex is 80–82 µm, spurs of mid tibia 68–70 µm and 76–78 µm long; tarsomere I (ta₁) with 7–8 pseudospurs, tarsomere II (ta₂) with 1 pseudospur. The width of the hind tibia at its apex is 72–75 µm, spurs 98–100 µm and 96–98 µm long; tarsomere I (ta₁) with 13–15 pseudospurs. Hind tibial comb composed of 18–20 spines, with the longest measuring 74–76 µm long and the shortest 39–41 µm long (Fig. 1G). The lengths and proportions of each leg are shown in Table 1.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 2A–F). Tergite IX with 26–28 median setae and 8–10 setae on laterosternite IX. Anal point absent (Fig. 2B). Sternapodeme U-shaped, 215–220 µm wide. Lateral sternapodeme thin and straight, located lateroventrally to the sternapodeme, 348–352 µm long. Phallapodeme elongated, with enlarged shoe-shaped apex, 386–390 µm long. Aedeagal lobe and superior volsella fused together; the paired AL + SVo curve to form a ring-like structure with overlapping ends (Fig. 2E–F). Median aedeagal lobe oval and spiniferous, 38–40 µm wide. Inferior volsella poorly developed, appressed to the inner side of the gonocoxite, densely setose. Gonocoxite 686–689 µm long, with elongate setae. Gonostylus widest medially, with a narrower apex and a depression in the proximal third, 407–410 µm long; megaseta 54–56 µm long. HR 1.68–1.69. HV 1.26–1.28.</p><p>Ecology and habitat. Adult males of S. annularis sp. nov., were collected in April from a high-mountain waterfall environment at an altitude of 932 m. a. s. l., when the air temperature was below 10°C. This habitat is consistent with the known preferences of the larvae of the Sympotthastia, which inhabit cold running waters and springs (Saether &amp; Andersen 2013).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is morphologically similar to S. takatensis (Tokunaga, 1936) in the general shape of the gonostylus (widest medially, narrowing towards apex) and the oval median aedeagal lobe. However, S. annularis sp. nov. can be clearly distinguished by the absence of an anal point (present in S. takatensis), the slender, nonenlarged distal end of the fused AL + SVo structure (distal part of superior volsella golf-club shaped in S. takatensis), and the distinctly enlarged, shoe-shaped apex of the phallapodeme (only slightly expanded in S. takatensis).</p><p>Distribution. Hubei Province, Oriental China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F719C0179B76B87CFF28FF5DFD3DD061	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Xiangliang;Shangguan, Jingru;Fu, Yue	Fang, Xiangliang, Shangguan, Jingru, Fu, Yue (2025): Sympotthastia annularis sp. nov. from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with a worldwide key. Zootaxa 5717 (4): 571-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.5
F719C0179B71B879FF28FA92FA72D37F.text	F719C0179B71B879FF28FA92FA72D37F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sympotthastia Pagast 1947	<div><p>Key to known species for adult males* of Sympotthastia worldwide (based on Liu et al. 2016)</p><p>1. Anal point absent..................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Anal point present..................................................................................... 4</p><p>2. Anal lobe of wing reduced, megaseta absent (Liu et al. 2016: Figs. 10–15)........... S. wuyiensis Liu, Ferrington &amp; Wang</p><p>- Anal lobe of wing well developed, megaseta present......................................................... 3</p><p>3. Phallapodeme curved, S-shaped; gonostylus gradually expanded anteriorly (Ghaderi et al. 2024: Figs. A–E).............................................................................. S. golalae Ghaderi, Namayandeh &amp; Karimian</p><p>- Phallapodeme boot-shaped, distal end extending downwards to the middle of gonocoxite; gonostylus widest in the middle and narrower towards the apex........................................................... S. annularis Fu, sp. nov.</p><p>4. Anal point sclerotized, narrow, long and slender............................................................. 5</p><p>- Anal point tubercle-like; apex of tubercle with or without strong setae........................................... 9</p><p>5. Aedeagal lobe distally expanded, reniform or knob-like....................................................... 6</p><p>- Aedeagal lobe not distally expanded, sigmoid or straight...................................................... 8</p><p>6. Median volsella bare, apical margin finely serrated (Tuiskunen 1986: Figs. 2–3)................... S. huldeni Tuiskunen</p><p>- Median volsella spiniferous............................................................................. 7</p><p>7. AR 3.38–4.26; prealars 14; aedeagal lobe distally knob-like (Makarchenko 1994: Figs. 10–13)..... S. takatensis (Tokunaga)</p><p>- AR 2.90–3.10; prealars 23–31; aedeagal lobe distal reniform (Makarchenko 1985: Fig. 228)...... S. repentina Makarchenko</p><p>8. Scutellum with 48 setae; prealars 15; aedeagal lobe distally sigmoid (Doughman 1985: Figs. 1–3)..... S. diastena (Sublette)</p><p>- Scutellum with 24 setae; prealars 4; aedeagal lobe distally straight (Doughman 1985: Fig. 13; Makarchenko 1985: Fig. 227)..................................................................................... S. fulva (Johannsen)</p><p>9. Aedeagal lobe very broad, converging to point distally; phallapodeme short, not extending beyond aedeagal lobe (Makarchenko 1994: Figs. 1 –4)............................................................... S. gemmaformis Makarchenko</p><p>- Aedeagal lobe not as above; phallapodeme long, extending much beyond aedeagal lobe............................ 10</p><p>10. Anal point tubercle-like, without strong setae (Serra-Tosio 1968: Fig. 2).............................. S. zavreli Pagast</p><p>- Anal point reduced to a simple seta or consists of two strong setae arising at the tip................................ 11</p><p>11. AR higher, ca. 3.0; clypeus with 11 setae (Doughman 1985: Figs. 11–12)...................... S. macrocera Serra-Tosio</p><p>- AR lower, ca. 1.60–1.75; clypeus with 4–5 setae (Doughman 1985: Figs. 7–10).................. S. spinifera Serra-Tosio</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F719C0179B71B879FF28FA92FA72D37F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Xiangliang;Shangguan, Jingru;Fu, Yue	Fang, Xiangliang, Shangguan, Jingru, Fu, Yue (2025): Sympotthastia annularis sp. nov. from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with a worldwide key. Zootaxa 5717 (4): 571-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.5
