identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
63D46793E7DB54C8B01461089262F3FF.text	63D46793E7DB54C8B01461089262F3FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphranta goniothalami David & Hancock 2025	<div><p>Euphranta goniothalami David &amp; Hancock sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–2, 3-7, 8-10, 11–12</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, India: Kerala, Idukki, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.81797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.071336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.81797/lat 10.071336)">Valara</a> 10°04'16.81"N, 76°49'04.71"E, 05. i. 2025, Reshma Elizabeth Alex (NIM) . Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (NIM) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name of the species is derived from the host plant genus name Goniothalamus in genitive.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>This species is similar to Euphranta flavothoracica David, Hancock &amp; Sachin, 2021 and Euphranta laosica Hardy, 1973 in external morphology and wing pattern, but can be differentiated from the former by the presence of a continuous subcostal band, conical apex of aculeus with preapical flange; curved, rod-shaped spermathecae densely covered with fine hairs, and blunt apex of spicules / scales on distal end of eversible membrane. It can be easily distinguished from E. laosica by the shorter oviscape (smaller than the length of the abdomen), and aculeus with preapical steps.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (Figs 1, 2). Medium sized (5.73-5.90 mm). Head (Fig. 3). Slightly higher than long (height: 1.50-1.51 mm; length: 0.98-1.12 mm; length measured from base of scape to occiput); frons light fuscous with medial dark brown longitudinal vitta, three pairs of frontal setae (first two pairs closely placed; third pair placed at twice distance between first two pairs); single reclinate orbital seta; ocellar seta reduced; ocellar tubercle glossy black; medial and lateral vertical setae present; postocellar seta developed; postocular setae thin and black; occiput fulvous; gena narrow. Scape, pedicel and postpedicel fulvous; combined length of antennal segments shorter than face, arista plumose. Face fulvous with medial concavity. Thorax (Figs 4, 5). Scutum (2.48-2.65 mm long; 1.66-1.68 mm wide) light fuscous with a pair of narrow, postsutural dorsocentral stripes; postpronotal lobe and notopleuron fulvous, connected by fulvous / white band. Thorax with well-developed chaetotaxy: 2 scapular setae, 1 anterior notopleural, 1 posterior notopleural, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 dorsocentral placed little behind level of postsutural supra-alar seta, 1 intra-alar, and 1 prescutellar acrostichal. Scutellum dark fuscous with 2 pairs of scutellar setae. Anepisternum fulvous with 3 setae arranged in triangular pattern, 1 anterior to phragma; anepimeron fulvous with single seta; katepisternum fulvous with single seta; anatergite dark fuscous with fine, erect hairs; katatergite fulvous; subscutellum and mediotergite light fuscous. Legs (Fig. 5). Fulvous without any dark fuscous to black markings; forefemur with 5-6 ventral setae, two rows of 10 dorsal setae; apex of mid tibia with prominent black spine like seta. Wing (Fig. 7). Medium sized (5.51-5.67 mm long); basal half hyaline, except subcostal band continuous from pterostigma to apex of vein m 4; apical half fuscous with hyaline indentations: hyaline indentation in cell r 1 extending to vein R 4 + 5, cell r 2 + 3 with subhyaline preapical triangular patch, apex of cell r 4 + 5 with narrow lens-shaped hyaline mark, hyaline marking in cell m 4 extending into cell dm, apex of cell m 1 with subhyaline indentation. Abdomen (Fig. 6). Slender (2.29-2.43 mm long; 1.31-1.33 mm wide), predominantly fulvous and black apically; tergites 1-3 fulvous with irregular black markings medially, tergite 4 partly fulvous, tergites 5 and 6 entirely black.</p><p>Female genitalia. Oviscape black (1.82 mm), eversible membrane (1.05 mm long) shorter than oviscape with spicules on distal end flat with 5-6 projections (Fig. 9); aculeus distinctly shorter (0.5 times) than oviscape with conical apex and preapical steps (Fig. 8 a, b). Spermathecae elongate curved, densely covered with fine hairs (Fig. 10).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was collected from infested fruits of Goniothalamus keralensis in Idukki district, Kerala during the studies on reproductive biology of the host plant by one of the coauthors. Goniothalamus keralensis is a rare endemic species of Annonaceae occurring in the Western Ghats. It is a medium-large sized shrub (Fig. 11), found along streams and riverbanks (Riverine / Riparian habitat). After pollination, the fruit development was recorded from May to June. Ripe fruits are observed by the end of August and beginning of September and fruiting season ends by November. Fruits are an aggregate of berries, spindle shaped, and greenish to orange-red in colour on maturation (Fig. 12). Being riverine, most of the seeds are dispersed through water. Seeds are endospermous and typical Annonaceous type. A high rate of seed feeding by larvae of Euphranta goniothalami sp. nov. was recorded in G. keralensis during fruiting seasons in 2022 and 2023 which severely affected the recovery of the species. In 2024, only two larvae were observed in 10 to 11 berries in an aggregate. However, a single larva was present in a single fruit. Two larvae from attacked fruits were collected on 19. 11. 2024 and two flies emerged on 05. 01. 2025. It took 42-45 days from the date of collection for the adults to emerge; egg, larval and pupal stage were not observed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63D46793E7DB54C8B01461089262F3FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	David, Karamankodu Jacob;Hancock, David Lawrence;Reshma, Elizabeth Alex;Jothish, Padmanabhan Saroja;Ningthoujam, Kennedy;Niladri, Bihari Mohapatra;Abhishek, Venkateshaiah;Mahammed, N. R. Noor	David, Karamankodu Jacob, Hancock, David Lawrence, Reshma, Elizabeth Alex, Jothish, Padmanabhan Saroja, Ningthoujam, Kennedy, Niladri, Bihari Mohapatra, Abhishek, Venkateshaiah, Mahammed, N. R. Noor (2025): Two new species of Euphranta Loew (Diptera, Tephritidae, Trypetinae, Adramini) from India. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 367-375, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.165084
87A72D7D42C451EE8684F18875B077CC.text	87A72D7D42C451EE8684F18875B077CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphranta Loew 1862	<div><p>Euphranta Loew, 1862</p><p>Euphranta Loew, 1862: 28 . Type species: Musca connexa Fabricius, 1794: 350 (by monotypy).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Slender bodied flies with two or three frontal setae, single orbital seta, ocellar seta reduced; wing hyaline with or without transverse bands; anatergite with fine erect hairs, midfemur without stout ventral spines, abdomen with elongate oviscape 1.5 to 2.0 times longer than aculeus, three spermathecae, aculeus short, epandrium often bulbous with lateral surstylus narrower than epandrium and 2-3 times longer than epandrium, and proctiger hyaline, narrower than epandrium, sparsely setose, without thick tuft of hairs / setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/87A72D7D42C451EE8684F18875B077CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	David, Karamankodu Jacob;Hancock, David Lawrence;Reshma, Elizabeth Alex;Jothish, Padmanabhan Saroja;Ningthoujam, Kennedy;Niladri, Bihari Mohapatra;Abhishek, Venkateshaiah;Mahammed, N. R. Noor	David, Karamankodu Jacob, Hancock, David Lawrence, Reshma, Elizabeth Alex, Jothish, Padmanabhan Saroja, Ningthoujam, Kennedy, Niladri, Bihari Mohapatra, Abhishek, Venkateshaiah, Mahammed, N. R. Noor (2025): Two new species of Euphranta Loew (Diptera, Tephritidae, Trypetinae, Adramini) from India. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 367-375, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.165084
1241832784095796A8C747E07D3C15C8.text	1241832784095796A8C747E07D3C15C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphranta undulata David & Hancock 2025	<div><p>Euphranta undulata David &amp; Hancock sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 13, 14-18, 19–22</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, India: Meghalaya, Umiam, Ri-Bhoi, 15. xi. 2023, Niladri (NIM) . Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (NIM) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name undulata is derived from a Latin adjective undulatus meaning wavy, referring to the wavy margin of the aculeus tip.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>This species is similar to Euphranta apicalis Hendel, 1915 originally described from Taiwan, in possessing two transverse bands and a subapical fuscous patch on the wing and in general morphology, but can be differentiated based on the narrower r-m crossband, irregular proximal margin of the subapical patch, broad aculeus tip with wavy margin.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (Fig. 13). Medium sized (5.67-5.83 mm). Head (Fig. 14). as long as high (height: 1.20-1.29 mm; length: 1.12 - 1.15 mm; length measured from base of scape to occiput); frons fuscous with broad, dark brown arrow head shaped mark with an anterior notch; two pairs of frontal setae; single, reclinate orbital seta; ocellar seta absent, ocellar tubercle glossy black; medial and lateral vertical setae present; postocellar seta absent, postocular setae thin and black; occiput fulvous with broad, glossy black band, from medial and lateral vertical setae to supracervical seta; gena narrow, fulvous with genal seta. Scape and pedicel dark fuscous to black, postpedicel fulvous; combined length of antennal segments shorter than face, arista plumose. Face fulvous with two broad quadrate patches towards epistomal margin. Thorax (Figs 15, 16). Scutum (2.26-2.31 mm long, 1.36-1.61 mm wide) fuscous with 2 pairs of broad, glossy black vittae on presutural area, lateral pair extended to transverse suture, submedial pair extending to level of postsutural supra-alar setae, on postsutural part with pair of black sublateral vittae between dorsocentral and intra-alar lines from base of transverse suture to level of postalar seta; postpronotal lobe and notopleuron fulvous. Thorax with well-developed chaetotaxy: 2 scapular setae, 1 anterior notopleural, 1 posterior notopleural, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 dorsocentral placed little behind level of postsutural supra-alar seta, 1 intra-alar, and 1 prescutellar acrostichal. Scutellum dark fuscous with 2 pairs of scutellar setae. Anepisternum fuscous basally, fulvous apically with single seta posterodorsally, anepimeron fuscous to black with single seta, katepisternum fulvous with single seta, anatergite fuscous with fine, erect hairs, katatergite fuscous, subscutellum and mediotergite dark fuscous to black. Legs (Fig. 16). Fulvous, without any dark fuscous to black markings; forefemur without any strong ventral setae, two rows of 5-6 dorsal setae; apex of mid tibia with prominent black spine like seta. Wing (Fig. 18). Medium-sized (5.18-5.54 mm long), hyaline basally with two transverse bands and broad fuscous marking on apical half with hyaline indentations. Subcostal band continuous from pterostigma to apex of vein CuA; radial-medial band narrow, constricted until cell dm, then broadening posteriorly; broad subapical patch hyaline apically, with small triangular hyaline indentation on apex of cell r 1, quadrate shaped indentation on cell m 1, and triangular indentation on proximal margin in cell r 2 + 3; apex of cell r 4 + 5 with hyaline mark extending into cell r 2 + 3. Abdomen (Fig. 17). Slender (1.86-1.99 mm long; 0.67-0.89 mm wide), predominantly fuscous, tergite 1 dark fuscous to black, tergites 2-5 with black bands interrupted medially; tergite 6 with a complete band.</p><p>Female genitalia. Oviscape (Fig. 19) black basally and fulvous apically (1.10 mm long); eversible membrane (0.8 mm long) shorter than oviscape with conical spicules on distal end (Fig. 20); aculeus distinctly shorter (0.31 mm long) than oviscape with broad, flat apex with wavy margin (Fig. 22); spermathecae dark-brown, bulbous with elongate stalk (Fig. 21).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was collected in traps with a liquid-based bait made using tender bamboo shoots and yeast for attracting bamboo-shoot fruit flies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1241832784095796A8C747E07D3C15C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	David, Karamankodu Jacob;Hancock, David Lawrence;Reshma, Elizabeth Alex;Jothish, Padmanabhan Saroja;Ningthoujam, Kennedy;Niladri, Bihari Mohapatra;Abhishek, Venkateshaiah;Mahammed, N. R. Noor	David, Karamankodu Jacob, Hancock, David Lawrence, Reshma, Elizabeth Alex, Jothish, Padmanabhan Saroja, Ningthoujam, Kennedy, Niladri, Bihari Mohapatra, Abhishek, Venkateshaiah, Mahammed, N. R. Noor (2025): Two new species of Euphranta Loew (Diptera, Tephritidae, Trypetinae, Adramini) from India. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 367-375, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.165084
