identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F14B87C2FFE2FFA94D47FB308CA03BE7.text	F14B87C2FFE2FFA94D47FB308CA03BE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclocotyla bellones Otto 1823	<div><p>Morphology of Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823</p><p>(Figs. 1–3)</p><p>Type-host: Belone belone (Linnaeus), garfish ( Belonidae) (but see Discussion).</p><p>Additional hosts: Bopyrus squillarum Latreille, 1802 ( Bopyridae Rafinesque, 1815). Isopods of Spicara maena (Linnaeus) ( Sparidae), the blotched picarel; of Spicara smaris (Linnaeus), the picarel; and of B. boops (Linnaeus) ( Sparidae), the bogue. Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828) from B. boops (this paper).</p><p>Type-locality: Italy [72].</p><p>Additional localities: Montenegro, France, and Turkey. Off Bouharoun, Algeria (36° 37, 24,, N, 2° 39, 17,, E) (this paper).</p><p>Specimens from Algeria, from Ceratothoa parallela ( Cymothoidae Leach, 1818) from the buccal cavity of B. boops (Fig. 1). List of vouchers deposited in the collections of the Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, see [15].</p><p>Habitat: In the present study, Cy. bellones was most frequently observed on the upper part of the pereon of the isopod, occurring rarely on its pleon. A single specimen was found unattached in a Petri dish containing gills and an isopod, but there was no indication that the monogenean was detached from the gills rather than from the isopod.</p><p>Based on 14 specimens. Measurements in Table 3. Body elongate and fusiform, divided into three merged regions: a tapered anterior region; an enlarged middle region; and a posterior region formed by the haptor (Fig. 2A). Anterior region remarkably slender and attenuated, formed by an anterior lengthening, up to one-third of the total length in some specimens. No special feature found in mouth, prohaptor and anterior glands. Middle region rounded, containing reproductive system and extensive vitellarium follicles .</p><p>* The single specimen that was attached to the Cymothoa must be regarded as accidental [45].</p><p>Haptor semicircular, rounded to oval, bearing four pairs of pedunculated clamps (Fig. 2E). Peduncles cylindrical, long and thick, containing in anterior parts the intestinal diverticula and vitelline follicles; fourth pair of peduncles in a straight line to longitudinal body axis; first and fourth pairs of peduncles smaller.</p><p>Clamps circular (Fig. 3), typically diclidophorid in structure. Clamps with two regions, an anterior region and a posterior region delimited by 8 large bars in four fields: axial front field AA, marginal front field AL in anterior part; axial posterior field PA and marginal posterior field PL in posterior part. Anterior region hemispherical in flattened specimens, propped by 3 bars: a, c and c’. Median bar a, the largest. Dorsal arm of a ending in a long elbow on proximal side and in a T with unequal branches on distal side. A sclerotised T-shaped piece hinging ventrally to a. Ventral arm of a extended by a lamellate extension I. Clamp supported marginally by two lateral bars c and c’, appearing as semicircular in flattened specimens. AA and AL fields with numerous tiny epidermal expansions. Anterior filed AL within a round muscular sucker.</p><p>Posterior region supported by 5 bars, b, d, d’, e, e’. Median bar b, articulated ventrally to the distal T-shaped side of a. Margins of posterior part of clamp supported by two short peripheral bars e and e’ and basal bars d and d’: e and e’ curved, bordering lateral portion of posterior jaw; d and d’ lunar shaped, articulated at the base of b. In posterior region and dorsally, PA and PL with parallel rows of small rods g and g’. Rods g and g’ with several concentric arcs.</p><p>No hooks observed between posterior pair of peduncles.</p><p>Oral suckers paired, rounded, smooth, aseptate and opening laterally (Fig. 2D). Pharynx ovoid, muscular. Oesophagus short. Intestinal bifurcation immediately anterior to pharynx.</p><p>Caeca long, with numerous lateral and axial diverticula, fused posteriorly to testes and extending into haptor. Testicles post-ovarian, follicular, numerous in intercaecal field of equatorial region and concealed by vitellarium. Vas deferens dorsal, sinuous, extending anteriorly along body midline to genital atrium. Genital atrium post-bifurcal, muscular, armed with 6 curved hooks (Fig. 2B).</p><p>Ovary median folded (Fig. 2F). Oviduct not observed. Oötype postovarian, surrounded by mass of Mehlis’ glands. Uterus rectilinear, running along body midline and opening into genital atrium. Seminal receptacle oval and large. Junction between seminal receptacle and the rest of the genitals not observed. Genito-intestinal canal short, originating from left intestinal branch. Vitelline follicles large, coextensive with intestinal caeca, extending from genital atrium to end of haptor; vitelline follicles nearly occupying all body proper and haptor and penetrating clamps peduncles for a short distance.</p><p>Vitelloducts Y-shaped. Dorsal transverse vitelloducts fused in middle region; common vitelline duct median, fairly long. Vagina absent. Eggs extended at each end by a short polar filament (Fig. 2C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F14B87C2FFE2FFA94D47FB308CA03BE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouguerche, Chahinez;Tazerouti, Fadila;Justine, Jean-Lou	Bouguerche, Chahinez, Tazerouti, Fadila, Justine, Jean-Lou (2022): Truly a hyperparasite, or simply an epibiont on a parasite? The case of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae). Parasite (Paris, France) 29 (28): 1-16, DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022028, URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2022028
F14B87C2FFE7FFAF4E1BFC788AD03A81.text	F14B87C2FFE7FFAF4E1BFC788AD03A81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choricotyle chrysophryi Van Beneden & Hesse 1863	<div><p>Morphology of Choricotyle cf. chrysophryi Van Beneden &amp; Hesse, 1863 (Fig. 4)</p><p>Type-host: Sparus aurata Linnaeus (jun. synonym Chrysophrys aurata (Linnaeus)), gilthead seabream ( Sparidae Rafinesque).</p><p>Additional hosts: Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich) (jun. syn. Pagellus centrodontus (Delaroche)), blackspot seabream; Spondyliosoma cantharus, black seabream (Linnaeus); Boops boops (Linnaeus), bogue; Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus), common pandora; Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus), white seabream; Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus), European seabass; Pagellus acarne (Risso), axillary seabream (this paper). See Table 4 for references</p><p>Type-locality: Brest, Atlantic Ocean [94].</p><p>Additional localities: Atlantic: Ireland, Plymouth. Mediterranean: Turkey, Montenegro, Aegean Sea, France, and off Bouharoun, Algeria (36° 37, 24,, N, 2° 39, 17,, E) (this study).</p><p>Specimens from Algeria, from gills of Pagellus acarne . Vouchers deposited in the collection of the Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN HEL1327 – HEL1336). Vouchers with molecular information, 3 specimens mounted on slide, a small lateral part cut off and used for molecular analysis, deposited in the collections of the Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, see [15] .</p><p>Based on 14 specimens. Body swollen in its posterior part and fusiform in its anterior part (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Haptor semicircular, bearing four pairs of pedunculated clamps. Peduncles short, not containing parts of intestines nor vitelline follicles; length of peduncles decreasing anteroposteriorly, fourth pairs of peduncles the smallest.</p><p>Clamps circular, typically diclidophorid in structure. Clamps with two regions, an anterior region and a posterior region. Clamps with eight sclerites: d, e, c on the right; e’, c’, a’ on the left and two large hollow median sclerites a and b (Fig. 4E). Sclerite b I-shaped with two short anterior lobes; sclerite a J-shaped curved distally terminating far from the sucker’ s margin; sclerites b and a articulated on each other. Ventrally, sclerite a bearing on its distal part a large transversal lamellate extension. Lateral sclerites c and c’ slightly curved, articulated dorsally on proximal part of a. Lateral sclerites d and d’ curved, V-shaped, situated in proximal part of the clamp and articulated ventrally to b. Median lateral sclerites e and e’ rising dorsally to c and c’. Proximally, clamps supported dorsally by several small rods. Distally, a well-developed muscle connecting sclerites e and a.</p><p>Mouth subterminal. Oral suckers subcircular (Fig. 4B). Pharynx circular. Caeca with lateral branches, extending posteriorly; caeca not confluent posteriorly and do not enter haptor. Genital atrium mid-ventral, muscular, armed with 9 curved hooks (Fig. 4C). Testes postovarian. Vas deferens extending anteriorly. Ovary median, complex and folded. Oötype fusiform. Mehlis’ glands located in posterior part of oötype. Seminal vesicle voluminous. Oviduct short. Transverse vitelline ducts fused immediately anterior to ovary. Vitellarium not extending into haptor. Eggs fusiform (Fig. 4D) with one posterior filament.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F14B87C2FFE7FFAF4E1BFC788AD03A81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouguerche, Chahinez;Tazerouti, Fadila;Justine, Jean-Lou	Bouguerche, Chahinez, Tazerouti, Fadila, Justine, Jean-Lou (2022): Truly a hyperparasite, or simply an epibiont on a parasite? The case of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae). Parasite (Paris, France) 29 (28): 1-16, DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022028, URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2022028
F14B87C2FFE5FFAD4E1BF9818EB23B15.text	F14B87C2FFE5FFAD4E1BF9818EB23B15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclocotyla bellones Otto 1823	<div><p>Intestinal content and diet of Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823</p><p>The walls of the intestine of Cy. Bellones were lined by scattered dark-black pigments, especially in its distal part in the haptor; upper parts of the intestinal branches, especially near the pharynx tended to be unpigmented (Fig. 5). Based on our experience with other monogeneans, we interpret the black pigment as haematin from fish blood.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F14B87C2FFE5FFAD4E1BF9818EB23B15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouguerche, Chahinez;Tazerouti, Fadila;Justine, Jean-Lou	Bouguerche, Chahinez, Tazerouti, Fadila, Justine, Jean-Lou (2022): Truly a hyperparasite, or simply an epibiont on a parasite? The case of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae). Parasite (Paris, France) 29 (28): 1-16, DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022028, URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2022028
