identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9595059F02A05ADA9E59AFF0CDF6BD89.text	9595059F02A05ADA9E59AFF0CDF6BD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microlaimus parakoreanus Meng & Wang 2026	<div><p>Microlaimus parakoreanus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, Table 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Four males and three females were measured and studied. Holotype: m # 1 on slide 24 CJG-2-1-13; paratypes: m # 2 on 24 CJG-2-1-81, m # 3 on 24 CJG-2-1-80, m # 4 on 24 CJG-2-1-13, f # 1 on 24 CJG-2-1-44, f # 2 on 24 CJG-2-1-48, f # 3 on 24 CJG-2-1-76 .</p><p>Type locality and habitat.</p><p>All specimens were collected from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.26667/lat 34.25)">Yancheng coast</a>, Jiangsu Province, China. 34°15'N, 120°16'E (CJG), 0–2 cm sediment depth, sandy sediment.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name refers to the morphological character similar to Microlaimus korari .</p><p>Measurement.</p><p>All measurement data can be found in Table 4.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body spindle shaped. Cuticle striation from cephalic setae to tail tip. Head smooth. Six inner labial sensilla and six outer labial sensilla papilliform. Four cephalic sensilla papilliform. Somatic setae absent. Amphidial fovea cryptocircular, 42–55 % c. b. d., from anterior body end. Buccal cavity large, funnel-shaped, heavily cuticularised, with a large dorsal tooth and two small ventrosublateral teeth, small longitudinal cuticularized folds present in cheilostoma. Pharynx posterior portion widened into bulb. Nerve ring at 56–65 % of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system present and excretory pore situated just posterior to nerve ring. Cardia not observed.</p><p>Reproductive system paired, testes outstretched and opposed. Anterior and posterior testes to the right of intestine. Spicules curved and faintly cuticularized, proximal end swollen and distal end pointed. Gubernaculum heavily cuticularized, longer than spicules with distal end curving laterally and proximal end swollen.</p><p>Precloacal supplements not observed. Tail conical with distal end slightly cylindrical. Three caudal glands and spinneret present.</p><p>Females. Similar to males in most respects except amphidial fovea smaller (33 % – 42 % c. b. d.). Reproductive system didelphic and amphidelphic with two ovaries outstretched. Vulva located slightly posterior to mid-body. Vagina short and sclerotized.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Microlaimus parakoreanus sp. nov. is characterized by a striated cuticle, four papilliform cephalic setae, a buccal cavity with one large dorsal tooth and two small ventrosublateral teeth, amphidial fovea cryptocircular at level of posterior buccal cavity, absence of somatic setae, slightly curved spicules with swollen proximal end, heavily cuticularized gubernaculum, absence of precloacal supplements, conical tail with distal end slightly cylindrical.</p><p>The genus Microlaimus was recently reviewed by Esteves et al. (2025), and 85 valid species were ascertained. The genus was seperated into seven groups based on spicule length, gubernaculum present or absent, cuticle ornamentation, distance from the anterior edge of amphidial fovea to the anterior end divided by the head diameter (Amph ant / hd). The new species belongs to group 4 B with Amph ant / hd ≤ 1 and amphids diameter &lt;50 % c. b. d.; however, it can be differentiated from the other species in group 4 B by the gubernaculum shape. The new species is similar to Microlaimus korari Leduc, 2016, in gubernaculum shape but differs in head diameter (9 µm vs 13–15 µm), excretory pore position (situated at or posterior to nerve ring vs situated slightly anterior to nerve ring), and spicule shape (short with proximal end swollen, 0.8–1.1 cloacal body diameters vs long and slender, 2.6–3.8 cloacal body diameters) (Leduc 2016).</p><p>Molecular phylogenetic relationships and analysis.</p><p>The ML topology trees based on rDNA sequences are mostly identical to the BI trees, and only the BI trees are shown in Figs 6, 7. According to Nemys (2025), the family Desmodoridae comprises 48 genera within six subfamilies: Desmodorinae, Pseudonchinae, Molgolaiminae, Spiriniinae, Stilbonematinae, and Prodesmodorinae . Relationships within Desmodoridae were discussed by Armenteros et al. (2014 b), Leduc and Verschelde (2015), and Ahmed and Holovachov (2021). Almost all the results considering relationships at the genus level are paraphyletic, consistent with the morphological characters. The family Microlaimidae includes six genera, and relationships within Microlaimidae were discussed by Jensen (1978), Lorenzen (1981), Leduc et al. (2017), and Meng et al. (2025). Microlaimidae was once assigned to Chromadorida, later to Desmodorida, and then transferred to Microlaimida based on molecular evidence. With more molecular sequences available in GenBank, the taxonomic position of Molgolaiminae – consisting of monogeneric Molgolaimus – and Prodesmodorinae – consisting of the single genus Prodesmodora – could be assessed and clarified at a much wider taxonomic level, including the orders Microlaimida, Chromadorida, and Desmodorida .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9595059F02A05ADA9E59AFF0CDF6BD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Zhiyu;Wang, Chunming	Meng, Zhiyu, Wang, Chunming (2026): Molecular phylogeny of Chromadorea supports genus reclassification of Desmodorida and Microlaimida with the description of two new species from the Yellow Sea, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 35-52, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.170906
2D1F734343E7511A8A3D14A3B27477C1.text	2D1F734343E7511A8A3D14A3B27477C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochromadora crispata Meng & Wang 2026	<div><p>Pseudochromadora crispata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, Table 3</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Four males and three females were collected from Station RCHW in May 2024. Holotype: m # 1 on slide number 24 RCHW 8-1-54, paratypes: m # 2 24 RCHW 8-1-204, m # 3 24 RCHW 8-1-52, m # 4 24 RCHW 8-1-38 and f # 1 on 24 RCHW 8-2-72, f # 2 on 24 RCHW 8-1-200, f # 3 on 24 RCHW 8-1-12 .</p><p>Type locality and habitat.</p><p>All specimens were collected from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.85/lat 33.033333)">Yancheng coast</a>, Jiangsu Province, China. 33°2'N, 120°51'E (RCHW), 0–8 cm sediment depth, sandy sediment.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the nematode always being curled when fixed with formalin.</p><p>Measurement.</p><p>All measurement data can be found in Table 3.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body short, stout, with slightly golden brown colour. Cephalic capsule, the lip region forming a flattened hat on the main capsule region, rectangular shaped, 13–15 µm * 22–26 µm, a sutura present seperating capsule and lip region. Cuticle annulated starting just posterior to cephalic capsule. Lateral alae 5–8 µm wide, extending from pharynx posterior end to posterior to cloacal. Six inner labial sensillae and six outer sensilla setiform, 3 µm in length, located on lip region, four cephalic setae, 4–5 µm in length located just posterior to the labial region of cephalic capsule. Eight longitudinal rows of somatic setae, 2–4 µm in length. Amphidial fovea unispiral (30–36 % c. b. d.), situated at the main position of cephalic capsule, 6–7 µm from anterior end. Buccal cavity strongly cuticularized with one large dorsal tooth and one small ventrosublateral tooth. Pharynx muscular, with obvious posterior bulb. Nerve ring inconspicuous, at 54–67 % of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system and cardia not found.</p><p>Reproductive system monorchic, one anterior testis outstretched located on the right or left of intestine. Spicules slightly curved with small capitulum, 1.4–1.6 cloacal diameters in length. Gubernaculum plate-shaped (0.76–1.0 cloacal body diameters) with a cuticularized triangle-shaped lateral piece. Four ventral precloacal copulatory thorns. A pair of ventro-lateral postcloacal thorns, 31–42 µm posterior to cloaca. Tail conical-cylindrical with very short conical portion, 61–76 % of tail length. Three caudal glands and spinneret present.</p><p>Female. Similar to males in most respects except amphidial fovea smaller (29 % – 33 % c. b. d.). Reproductive system with two reflexed ovaries, located on right side of intestine. Vulva located at posterior portion of the body (51–52 % of the body length from the anterior end). Vagina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Thorns absent.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pseudochromadora crispata sp. nov. is characterized by its short body, lateral alae extending from pharynx posterior end to cloacal region, unispiral amphidial fovea, pharynx with obvious posterior bulb, slightly curved spicules, gubernaculum plate shaped with cuticularized lateral piece, four ventral precloacal copulatory thorns and one pair of postcloacal thorns, tail conical-cylindrical with conical portion short.</p><p>The new species differs from other species of Pseudochromadora in the gubernaculum with triangular lateral piece and copulatory thorn arrangement. Pseudochromadora crispata sp. nov. is similar to Pseudochromadora buccobulbosa Verschelde &amp; Vincx, 1995, P. incubans Gourbault &amp; Vincx, 1990, P. rossica Mordukhovich, Fadeeva, Semenchenko &amp; Zograf, 2015 with respect to the shape of spicules, but differs from P. buccobulbosa in the buccal cavity (without peri-buccal bulb vs prominent peri-buccal bulb), precloacal copulatory thorns (four in the male, female without thorns vs twenty in the male, five to ten thorns in the female), postcloacal thorns (a pair of thorns in the male vs a ventral group of small thorns), and gubernaculum length (25–30 µm vs 13–18 µm) (Verschelde and Vincx 1995); differs from P. incubans in outer labial setae length (4–5 µm vs 1.5 µm, papilliform), precloacal thorns (four vs three small thorns), gubernaculum length (25–30 µm vs 18–20 µm), tail length (2.3–3.2 c. b. d. vs 3.2–3.8 c. b. d.) (Gourbault and Vincx 1990); differs from P. rossica in amphidial width (0.29–0.36 c. b. d. vs 0.19–0.27 c. b. d.), copulatory thorns (4 vs 8–10), and gubernaculum length (25–30 µm vs 15–17 µm) (Mordukhovich et al. 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D1F734343E7511A8A3D14A3B27477C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Zhiyu;Wang, Chunming	Meng, Zhiyu, Wang, Chunming (2026): Molecular phylogeny of Chromadorea supports genus reclassification of Desmodorida and Microlaimida with the description of two new species from the Yellow Sea, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 35-52, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.170906
