identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8F517AFCF8B25CA2B5B35A3366D662DB.text	8F517AFCF8B25CA2B5B35A3366D662DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium brachypterum Idogawa & Yamane 2025	<div><p>Monomorium brachypterum Idogawa &amp; Yamane sp. nov.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • queen, Yuwan, Amami-ôshima, the Central Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 29.III.2023, N. Idogawa leg. (unique specimen identifier: KMNHSKYC 25-01), deposited in SKYC (Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History: KMNH) . Paratypes: • 6 dealated queens (KMNHSKYC 25-02 – 07), 30 workers (KMNHSKYC 25-08 – 37) and 7 males (KMNHSKYC 25-37 – 43), the same data as the holotype, deposited in SKYC and KUEC (Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University) .</p><p>Non-type material examined.</p><p>Kyushu mainland: • 13 workers &amp; 4 dealate queens, Eboshi-dake, Kagoshima-shi, 24.ii.2018, dead sasa bamboo, E. Yamane leg., JP 18-SKY-27 . Amami-ôshima: • 14 workers &amp; 10 dealate queens, Arimori-jinja, Uragami, Naze, 8.x.2022, Sk. Yamane leg., JP 22-SKY-126 ; • 16 workers &amp; 9 dealate queens, same loc. &amp; collector, 8.x.2022, dead bamboo, JP 22-SKY-127; 5 workers, Sutarumata, Sumiyô, 31.vii.2021, dead stem, Sk. Yamane leg., JP 21-SKY-149 ; • 14 workers &amp; 3 dealate queens, same data as above, JP 21-SKY-150; • 1 worker, Yakukachi-gawa Eco-road, Sumiyô, 29.vii.2021, Mallotus EFN, Sk. Yamane leg .; • 3 workers &amp; 2 dealate queens, Yuwan-dake, 7.vi.2018, S. Fukumoto leg. ; • 2 workers, Mt. Yui-dake, Setouchi, 20.iii.2019, Y. Hisasue leg. Okinawa-jima: • 10 workers, Ishikawa-Sonan, Uruma, 29.i.2023, S. Araki leg., Msp 20230129_01 ; • 10 workers &amp; 2 dealate queens, Imadomari, Nakijin, Kunigami, 10.vii.2023, N. Idogawa leg., Msp 20230710_01 ; • 10 workers &amp; 2 dealate queens, Oku, Kunigami, 04.ix.2023, N. Idogawa leg., Msp 20230904_01 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Worker (Fig. 10). Measurements (N = 6). TL 1.68–2.00, HW 0.32–0.38, HL 0.39–0.45, EW 0.04–0.06, EL 0.06–0.07, SL 0.27–0.31, PrW 0.21–0.23, PtW 0.10–0.11, PptW 0.11–0.12. Indices. Indices. CI 80–85, SI 77–85.</p><p>Structure. Head in full-face view, little longer than broad, with very feebly concave posterior margin and shallowly convex lateral margin. Frontal lobe small; its outer margin weakly convex and only partly covering antennal socket; frontal carinae very short, strongly pigmented and diverging posteriad. Clypeus posteriorly demarcated from frons with fine line; its median portion with straight anterior margin. Eye located anterior to midlength of head and slightly breaking lateral margin of head, oblong in shape, relatively small with maximum diameter 0.16 × – 0.20 × HW and 5–6 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scape, when laid straight back from its insertion, not reaching posterior margin of head. With mesosoma in profile view, dorsal outline of promesonotum convex, sloping posteriad to metanotal groove; propodeal dorsum short, continuing to posterior slope (declivity). With mesosoma in profile view mesopleuron separated from lateral face of pronotum with sharp furrow and from metapleuron with cross-rimmed furrow, which is continuation of dorsal metanotal groove. Propodeum completely fused with metapleuron; distance between metapleural gland bulla and propodeal spiracle generally as long as or shorter than spiracle diameter. With waist in dorsal view, petiole node distinctly broader than long; postpetiole node as broad as and longer than petiole node. With waist in profile view, petiole node subtriangular, with rounded apex; sternite of petiole ventrally weakly convex; postpetiole node globular, much lower than petiole node.</p><p>Sculpture. Body extensively smooth and shiny with scattered small piligerous punctures over dorsum of body. Lateral portion of cranium along anterior margin (just above lateral lobe of clypeus) longitudinally striate. Clypeus largely smooth, but lateral slope of its main disc punctate; transverse lateral portion (lobe) above mandibular base irregularly sculptured. Antennal scape essentially smooth, but pedicel and flagellum densely covered with minute sculpture. Mesosoma essentially smooth, but metanotal groove with several longitudinal carinae. Anterior slopes of petiole and postpetiole with relatively large punctures, but highly shiny. Gastral segments essentially smooth.</p><p>Pilosity. Cephalic surface with relatively sparse erect hairs; posterolateral corner of head with several pairs of erect hairs; antennae with erect hairs, which are as long as diameter of scape or a little shorter. Promesonotum dorsally with at least three pairs of erect hairs, propodeum with single pair; petiole and postpetiole each with two to three pairs of backward-directed hairs. First gastral tergite and sternite with several pairs of erect hairs; pilosity of remaining gastral tergites restricted to posterior margins.</p><p>Coloration. Bicolored. Head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and appendages yellowish. Gaster pale to dark brown; first gastral tergite with basal yellowish marking, which is variable in size and often extensive; second tergite sometimes partly yellowish; lateral portion of these tergites almost always darker than median portion.</p><p>Queen (Fig. 8). Measurements (N = 6). TL 3.07–3.63, HW 0.46–0.51, HL 0.52–0.58, EW 0.08–0.09, EL 0.11–0.13, SL 0.35–0.41, PrW 0.35–0.38, PtW 0.19–0.24, PptW 0.23–0.27. Indices. CI 87–93, SI 71–81.</p><p>Structure. Head in full-face view longer than broad, with very feebly concave posterior margin and shallowly convex lateral margin, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Frontal lobe small, anteriorly roundly convex outward, only partly covering antennal socket; frontal carina short extending up to posterior margin of ill-defined antennal scrobe. Clypeus roughly divided into posterior narrow area between frontal lobes, median disc and transverse lateral lobe; posterior area distinctly narrowed posteriad; median disc with convex anterior margin, of which median portion almost straight. Mandible nearly parallel-sided, apically inwardly curved, with four teeth on masticatory margin; apical tooth largest and basal smallest; basal margin entire. With head in full-face view, ocelli arranged in low triangle; lateral (posterior) ocelli separated from posterior margin of head by diameter of ocellus. Eye located distinctly anterior to midlength of head, barely breaking lateral margin of head in full-face view, with maximum diameter 0.22 × – 0.25 × HW; distance between anterior eye margin and anterior margin of cranium (malar space) slightly shorter than maximum eye diameter. Antennal scape, when laid straight back, not reaching posterior head margin; pedicel long, more than twice as long as its width, longer than first to third flagellomeres combined. Mesosoma in dorsal view elongate, much narrower than head, slightly narrowed posteriad. Mesonotum occupying most of pro-mesonotal dome, leaving anterior and lateral small portions of pronotum visible from above; mesoscutum largest, longer than broad; scuto-scutellar sulcus posteriorly deeply incised in middle; scutellum much narrower than scutum, slightly longer than broad. Metanotum transverse, clearly separated anteriorly and posteriorly with sharp furrows. Propodeum with dorsum short and not clearly demarcated from declivity. With mesosoma in profile view, its dorsal outline very shallowly convex but anterior slope of pronotum rather steep. Pronotum large, slightly widened posteriad, clearly demarcated from mesopleuron. Mesopleuron large, as long as high, divided into upper and lower sections with sharp furrow. Metapleuron demarcated from mesopleuron with sharp furrow, but from propodeum only in upper portion with broad furrow, which is cross-rimmed; lower portion fused with propodeum. Propodeum with dorsal outline almost evenly curved and sloping, with no distinction between dorsum and declivity; propodeal spiracle round, separated from upper margin of metapleural gland bulla by less than spiracle diameter; metapleural lobe small and low. With waist in dorsal view, petiole broader than long, roundly convex laterally; postpetiole broader than petiole, with narrow ring-like cinctus; in both petiole and postpetiole dorsum not clearly defined, only recognized by its sculpture (smooth). With waist in profile view, petiole with short peduncle, which is slightly higher than long; node apically broadly round with anterior slope longer and gentler than posterior slope; ventral margin of sternite almost straight to very shallowly convex, often lamellate; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole lower than petiole, rather globular, with broadly rounded apex. Gaster in dorsal view elongate, with parallel to shallowly convex outer margins; anterior margin of tergite 1 broadly concave with anterolateral corner distinctly angulate to acute apically; cinctus widened dorsally, cross rimmed, not clearly demarcated from posttergite.</p><p>Sculpture. Body extensively smooth and shiny. Dorsum of head sparsely with small piligerous punctures, shiny; venter of head essentially smooth. Frontal lobe longitudinally striate; area between eye and mandibular base / clypeus longitudinally striate. Clypeus with smooth posterior area, superficially sculptured median disc, and densely sculptured and dull lateral zone. Mandible finely striate in basal half, nearly smooth in apical half. Mesosoma almost entirely smooth and shiny; lower portions of metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum striate; metapleural gland bulla entirely striate. Petiole extensively smooth, with peduncle and sternite finely sculptured; postpetiole with dorsum smooth; other parts sculptured. Gaster almost entirely smooth and highly shiny; cinctus of first gastral segment dorsally longitudinally rugose; pretergite of the segment minutely transversely striate.</p><p>Pilosity Cephalic dorsum including clypeus with many erect hairs of varying length; longest hairs longer than major diameter of eye; venter of head with shorter hairs. Mandible with suberect to decumbent hairs. Antennomeres with many suberect to decumbent hairs of relatively uniform length; some hairs on scape as long as diameter of scape or a little shorter; hairs on apical flagellomere much shorter and very dense. Promesonotum dorsally with many erect hairs. Anterior slope of petiole bearing relatively short slanting hairs; dorsum of petiole with a few rather long curved hairs; anterior slope and dorsum of postpetiole with similar hairs; venter of waist without hairs except for extreme anterior portion of petiolar sternite that is covered with minute hairs. Gastral tergites with many long erect hairs; hairs on sternites slightly shorter. Legs densely with short decumbent to appressed hairs.</p><p>Coloration. Head, antenna, mesosoma, waist and legs yellow or yellowish orange. Gastral coloration highly variable; in a few specimens all tergites extensively brown, but in most cases first tergite with anterior and posterior yellowish bands and other tergites with yellowish areas; generally, sternites much paler, often entirely yellowish. Vertexal area surrounded by ocelli dark brown to black.</p><p>Wings. Both fore- and hindwings reduced in size and venation. Forewing not reaching midpoint of gaster; pterostigma reduced; basal cell closed; subbasal cell incompletely closed; first and second submarginal cells incompletely closed; other cells absent. Hindwing with much reduced venation, without distinctly closed cell.</p><p>Male (Fig. 9). Measurements (N = 6). TL 2.62–2.89, HW 0.47–0.51, HL 0.46–0.51, EW 0.17–0.19, EL 0.20–0.24, SL 0.15–0.16, PrW 0.42–0.44, PtW 0.18–0.21, PptW 0.22–0.24. Indices. CI 98–10.6, SI 29–34.</p><p>Structure. Head in full-face view as long as broad excluding eyes, round, with convex posterior margin (but narrowly concave between lateral ocelli) and round posterolateral corner; vertex and temple continuous with smooth curve; occipital carina present only behind vertex, not extending to lateral face of cranium. Frontal lobe narrow so that antennal socket is largely exposed; frontal carinae parallel, weak, short, extending posteriad only for length of diameter of antennal socket. Clypeus roughly divided into three parts, i. e., transverse basal portion, of which posterior margin vaguely defined and barely reaching level of midlength of antennal socket, large median disc with lateral slope, and transverse anterolateral portion; median disc demarcated from basal portion by fine but distinct line; median disc with shallowly convex anterior margin in dorsal view, and convex dorsal margin in profile. Eye large, strongly bulging, with maximum diameter 0.41 × – 0.49 × HW; lateral ocellus located close to posterior margin of head in full-face view; median ocellus smaller than lateral ocellus, with its diameter less than half the diameter of lateral ocellus, sometimes much reduced. Mandible narrow with three teeth. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres (13 antennomeres); scape, when laid straight back from its insertion, not reaching level of posterior eye margin; pedicel slightly longer than and broader than first flagellomere; flagellomeres each longer than broad; apical flagellomere twice as long as broad. Mesosoma in dorsal view much narrower than head, elongate, broadest at wing bases; in profile 1.9 × as long as high. Pronotum mostly invisible; anterior lobe (neck) short (transverse). Mesonotum occupying most of thoracic dorsum; scuto-scutellar sulcus posteriorly deeply concave, anteriorly demarcated with sharp and deep furrow; mesoscuttelum slightly longer than broad. Metanotum distinctly transverse, flanked by sharp furrow anteriorly and posteriorly. Propodeum almost without dorsal face. With mesosoma in profile view, pronotum demarcated from mesonotum and mesopleuron, ventrally carinate. Mesopleuron divided into upper and lower sections with sharp furrow, demarcated from metapleuron with distinct furrow; upper section with short furrow under forewing base. Metapleuron separated from propodeum in upper portion, but completely fused with propodeum in lower portion. Propodeum with dorsal outline almost straight; dorsal and posterior (declivity) slope completely continuous. Petiole in dorsal view with its node much broader than long, in profile view with distinct anterior peduncle, longer than high with apically weakly rounded node; anterior slope of node much longer than posterior slope; ventral outline straight. Postpetiole in dorsal view broader than petiole, much broader than long, in profile view as high as petiole, with anterior and posterior margins rather parallel; subpostpetiolar process distinct, with sharp corner. Gaster elongate; first gastral segment distinctly narrowed anteriad; cinctus present, consisting of chain of irregular punctures; pretergite convex posteriorly.</p><p>Sculpture. Body extensively smooth and shiny. Area between antennal socket and eye with parallel longitudinal rugulae. Ocellar area longitudinally striate. Antennal scape and pedicel essentially smooth; flagellum almost entirely superficially sculptured and weakly shiny. Peduncle, posterolateral portion and anterior face of petiole sculptured; postpetiole laterally and posteriorly sculptured.</p><p>Pilosity. Dorsum of body with relatively sparse, erect and slanting hairs over the surface. Antennal scape on dorsal face with relatively long suberect hairs, some of which are as long as scape diameter; hairs on anterior and ventral faces shorter and denser; pedicel and flagellum with dense suberect to decumbent short hairs. Eye with erect hairs of moderate density. Petiole with dense suberect / decumbent hairs on anterior slope, but without erect hairs on posterior face; postpetiole with a few erect hairs on posterior face and much shorter hairs ventrally. Femora of legs with relatively long suberect / decumbent hairs on dorsal and ventral faces; tibiae densely with much shorter decumbent / appressed hairs; all hairs on tarsi still shorter and near-appressed. Hairs on venter of gaster similar to those on its dorsum.</p><p>Coloration. Body dark reddish brown to blackish; mesosoma slightly lighter than head and gaster. Antenna and mandible light brown. Legs brown to yellowish, with tibiae pale yellow.</p><p>Wings. Forewing with distinct pterostigma; costal and subcostal veins close to each other; basal, marginal and first submarginal cells closed; second submarginal cell incompletely closed; first discal cell absent; subbasal and second discal cells not separated. Hind wing with much reduced venation, without distinctly closed cell.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Among Japanese congeneric species, Monomorium brachypterum sp. nov. is very similar in morphology and body coloration to the most closely related M. intrudens . Compared with M. intrudens, this species is relatively smaller in all sexes and castes. In the queens, the new species can be easily recognized by body size (no overlapping in head width) and coloration of the gastral tergites from M. intrudens (in brachypterum tergites generally brownish with more extensive yellowish markings). Furthermore, the dorsal / declivity outline of the propodeum in profile view is less convex and completely evenly curved throughout in the new species, while it is more convex and with a steeper declivity in M. intrudens .</p><p>In the worker, distinction of the two species is more difficult because the body size as expressed by head width overlaps between them. However, Monomorium brachypterum sp. nov. can be separated from M. intrudens by: 1) smaller eye (number of ommatidia 10–15 in M. brachypterum vs. 15–18 in M. intrudens, but exceptions present in both species), and 2) gastral tergites pale brown; first tergite basally and apically with yellowish areas of variable size and other tergites often extensively yellowish (gastral tergites dark brown; yellowish marking confined to small basal area of first tergite in the latter). In both female castes, the body color of the new species tends to be paler than that of M. intrudens, but further research is needed to explore intraspecific variation in body coloration for both species.</p><p>The male of M. brachypterum is easily distinguished from that of M. intrudens by the following set of characteristics: 1) body constantly smaller with head width 0.47–0.51 mm (0.51–0.55 mm in the latter), 2) median ocellus much reduced and sometimes vestigial, its diameter always less than half the diameter of lateral ocellus (median ocellus normal in the latter), 3) antennal pedicel longer and broader than first flagellomere (shorter than and as broad as first flagellomere in the latter), and 4) antenna light brown to brown (generally entirely dark brown; at least apical 3 flagellomeres very dark).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name brachypterum (from Greek “ brachys, ” meaning “ short, ” and “ pteron, ” meaning “ wing ”) is treated as a Latinized neuter adjective in the nominative singular, referring to the reduced wings of the queen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F517AFCF8B25CA2B5B35A3366D662DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Idogawa, Naoto;Dobata, Shigeto;Okada, Yasukazu;Yamane, Seiki	Idogawa, Naoto, Dobata, Shigeto, Okada, Yasukazu, Yamane, Seiki (2025): A new species of Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a brachypterous queen from southern Japan, and phylogeny of Japanese Monomorium species with diverse reproductive strategies. ZooKeys 1250: 49-78, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.150776
