identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FA4DCB78DCBD507CB31EB01A4E265E47.text	FA4DCB78DCBD507CB31EB01A4E265E47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odorrana nagao Pham & Hoang & Nguyen & Nguyen & Ngo & Le & Ziegler 2026	<div><p>Odorrana nagao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, 6, Table 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • IB A.4505, adult male, collected by Pham et al. on 12 April 2019 in the karst forest near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.99045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.289667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.99045/lat 22.289667)">Cao Duong Village</a> (22°17.380'N, 104°59.427'E, at an elevation of 641 m a. s. l.), Cham Chu Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam . Paratypes. • IB A.4506, adult female (the same data as the holotype); • IB A.4507 – A.4509, adult females, collected by Pham et al. on 13 April 2019 in the karst forest near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.99078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.3006" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.99078/lat 22.3006)">Cao Duong Village</a> (22°18.036'N, 104°59.447'E, at an elevation of 773 m a. s. l.), Cham Chu Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is assigned to the Odorrana lipuensis group on the basis of the following morphological characteristics: adult females slightly larger than adult males; vocal sac absent in males; discs of fingers III and IV prominently enlarged, transverse oval, the disc of finger IV the widest; finger I without lateroventral grooves; dorsal skin relatively smooth, with tiny flat granules forming homogeneous worm-like texture; and dorsum with mixed irregular moss-green speckles and brown mottling (Lin et al. 2022; Li et al. 2025; Song et al. 2025). Odorrana nagao sp. nov. is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) size medium (SVL 37.4 mm in male, 47.1–54.7 mm in females); (2) head longer than wide; (3) tympanum distinct, round, ~ 50 % of the diameter of eye; (4) vomerine teeth present; (5) male without external vocal sac; (6) nuptial pad present on finger I in male; (7) webbing formula I 0–1 II 0 – 1 III 0 – 11 / 3 IV 11 / 3 – 1 / 4 V; (8) tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout when hindlimb adpressed along body; (9) dorsolateral conical spines present; (10) dorsolateral fold present; (11) dorsum moss-green with brown mottling; (12) ventral surface cream with dark brown mottling.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>Adult male, size medium (SVL 37.4 mm); head longer than wide (HL 14.3 mm, HW 12.2 mm); snout obtusely round in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw, round in profile; nostril lateral, closer to snout tip than eye (NS 2.3 mm, EN 3.4 mm); canthus distinct; pupil horizontally oval; loreal region slightly concave and oblique; rostral length greater than eye diameter (RL 5.7 mm, ED 5.2 mm); interorbital distance wider than internarial distance and upper eyelid (IOD 3.6 mm, IND 3.4 mm, UEW 2.9 mm); tympanum distinct, round, smaller than eye diameter (TD / ED 0.54); vomerine teeth present, on two oblique ridges; tongue cordiform, deeply notched posteriorly; external vocal sac absent.</p><p>Forelimbs slender; fingers slender, relative finger lengths II &lt;I &lt;IV &lt;III; tips of fingers II, III, and IV expanded into discs with lateroventral grooves, discs of fingers III and IV prominently enlarged, transverse oval, the disc of finger IV the widest, tip of finger I without lateroventral grooves; fingers free of webbing; subarticular tubercles round, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle small; nuptial pad present on finger I.</p><p>Hindlimbs long; thigh shorter than tibia (FeL 18.4 mm, TbL 21.4 mm); tibia ~ 5 × longer than wide (TbL / TbW 5.2), tips of toes expanded into discs with lateroventral grooves; relative toe lengths I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV; webbing well developed, formula I 0–1 II 0 – 1 III 0 – 11 / 3 IV 11 / 3 – 1 / 4 V; subarticular tubercles present, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle oval; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout when hindlimb adpressed along body.</p><p>Skin texture in life.</p><p>Dorsal surface of head and body smooth; flank and dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with small tubercles; tiny spinules present on anterior and posterior edge of tympanum; supratympanic fold weakly developed; dorsolateral conical spines present; dorsolateral fold present; throat, chest, belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth.</p><p>Coloration in life.</p><p>Iris black, surrounded by a golden network; dorsum and upper part of flank moss-green with brown mottling; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs moss-green with dark brown cross bars; upper lip with dark brown bars; ventral surface of limb slightly pink; throat, chest, and belly cream with dark brown mottling; toe webbing dark brown.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Male smaller than females; male with nuptial pads present on finger I (absent in females), and females having creamy yellow eggs, without black poles. Measurements and morphological characters of the type series are given in Table 4.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named in honor of the Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Japan for the support of biodiversity research and nature conservation in Vietnam. For the common names, we suggest Nagao Odorous Frog (English), Ếch đá na-gao (Vietnamese).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Odorrana nagao sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality in Cham Chu Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam.</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>Specimens were found at night between 19: 30 and 23: 00, on rocks inside caves or near cave entrances, at elevations between 641 and 773 m a. s. l (Fig. 7 A). The surrounding habitat is the secondary karst forest, composed of medium and small hardwoods, shrubs, and vines (Fig. 7 B). Air temperature was recorded at 23.4–28.5 ° C, and relative humidity at 62–86 %. Other amphibian species found at the site were Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799), Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900, Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829), Kurixalus hainanus (Zhao, Wang &amp; Shi, 2005), Polypedates mutus (Smith, 1940), and Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler &amp; Köhler, 2001 .</p><p>Morphological comparisons.</p><p>Morphological data used for comparisons were obtained from the literature (Suppl. material 2). Based on phylogenetic analysis Odorrana nagao sp. nov. is placed within the O. lipuensis group. However, Odorrana nagao sp. nov. can be morphologically distinguished from its congeners by the following characteristics (Table 5).</p><p>Odorrana nagao sp. nov. differs from O. calciphila by having a larger body size in females (SVL 47.1–54.7 mm vs 39.9–45.7 mm), dorsolateral fold present in male (vs absent), relative finger length II &lt;I (vs I &lt;II); nuptial pad present on finger I (vs nuptial pads present on fingers I, II, and III), different webbing on toes (webbing formula I 0–1 II 0 – 1 III 0 – 11 / 3 IV 11 / 3 – 1 / 4 V vs I 0–1 / 2 II 0 – 1 III 1 / 2 – 1 IV 11 / 2 – 1 / 2 V), tibiotarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout (vs exceeding nostril);</p><p>From O. concelata by having a larger body size in females (SVL 47.1–54.7 mm vs 41.4–46.0 mm); a smaller ratio of TD / ED (0.54 in male and 0.55 in females vs 0.82 in males and 0.75 in females), dorsolateral fold present (vs absent), nuptial pad present on finger I (vs nuptial pads present on fingers I, II and III); tibiotarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout (vs tibiotarsal articulation reaches to nostril);</p><p>From O. feii by having a smaller ratio of TD / ED (0.54 in male and 0.55 in females vs 0.71 in males, 0.79 in females), dorsolateral conical spines dense (vs sparse or absent), dorsolateral fold present in male (vs absent), relative finger length II &lt;I (vs I &lt;II), nuptial pad present on finger I (vs absent), tibiotarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout (vs reaching nostril);</p><p>From O. liboensis by having a smaller body size (SVL 37.4 mm in male and 47.1–54.7 mm in females vs 45.2–49.9 mm in males and 55.8–61.4 mm in females), a greater ratio of ED / TD in females (1.77–1.86 vs 1.10–1.35), dorsolateral conical spine dense (vs sparse or absent), dorsolateral fold present in male (vs absent), relative finger length II &lt;I (vs I &lt;II), different webbing on toes (webbing formula I 0–1 II 0 – 1 III 0 – 11 / 3 IV 11 / 3 – 1 / 4 V vs I 0–1 / 4 II 0 – 1 / 2 III 0 – 1 IV 1 – 0 V), tibiotarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout (vs reaching between eye and nostril);</p><p>From O. lipuensis by having a smaller body size in males (SVL 37.4 mm vs 40.7–49.8 mm), a greater ratio of (ED / TD 1.86 in male and 1.77–1.86 in females vs 1.23–1.50 in males and 1.14–1.44 in females), dorsolateral fold present (vs absent), different webbing on toes (webbing formula I 0–1 II 0 – 1 III 0 – 11 / 3 IV 11 / 3 – 1 / 4 V vs I 0–1 / 4 II 0 – 1 / 2 III 0 – 3 / 4 IV 3 / 4 – 0 V), tibiotarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout (vs reaching nostril), and inner metatarsal tubercle oval on hindlimbs (vs elongate).</p><p>Odorrana nagao sp. nov. differs from other congeners by the absence of the vocal sac in males (vs present in Odorrana absita, O. amamiensis, O. anlungensis, O. aureola, O. bacboensis, O. banaorum, O. bolavensis, O. cangyuanensis, O. chapaensis, O. chloronota, O. confusa, O. damingshanensis, O. dulongensis, O. exiliversabilis, O. fengkaiensis, O. geminata, O. gigatympana, O. grahami, O. graminea, O. hainanensis, O. heatwolei, O. hejiangensis, O. hosii, O. huanggangensis, O. ichangensis, O. indeprensa, O. ishikawae, O. jingdongensis, O. junlianensis, O. khalam, O. kweichowensis, O. leporipes, O. livida, O. lungshengensis, O. macrotympana, O. monjerai, O. morafkai, O. nanjiangensis, O. nasica, O. nasuta, O. orba, O. sangzhiensis, O. schmackeri, O. supranarina, O. swinhoana, O. tianmuii, O. tiannanensis, O. tormota, O. utsunomiyaorum, O. versabilis, O. yentuensis, O. yizhangensis, and O. yunnanensis).</p><p>Odorrana nagao sp. nov. differs from other congeners by having a smaller body size in males (maximum SVL &lt;40.0 mm vs minimum SVL&gt; 40.0 mm in O. amamiensis, O. aureola, O. bacboensis, O. banaorum, O. bolavensis, O. cangyuanensis, O. chapaensis, O. chloronota, O. confusa, O. damingshanensis, O. dulongensis, O. exiliversabilis, O. geminata, O. grahami, O. graminea, O. hainanensis, O. hejiangensis, O. hosii, O. huanggangensis, O. ishikawae, O. indeprensa, O. jingdongensis, O. junlianensis, O. kuangwuensis, O. leporipes, O. lungshengensis, O. macrotympana, O. margaretae, O. mawphlangensis, O. mutschmanni, O. nanjiangensis, O. narina, O. nasica, O. nasuta, O. sangzhiensis, O. schmackeri, O. splendida, O. supranarina, O. swinhoana, O. tianmuii, O. tiannanensis, O. versabilis, O. wuchuanensis, O. yentuensis, O. yizhangensis, and O. yunnanensis .</p><p>Odorrana nagao sp. nov. differs from other congeners by having a smaller body size in females (maximum SVL &lt;60.0 mm vs maximum SVL&gt; 60.0 mm in O. amamiensis, O. anlungensis, O. arunachalensis, O. aureola, O. bacboensis, O. banaorum, O. bolavensis, O. chapaensis, O. chloronota, O. confusa, O. damingshanensis, O. dulongensis, O. fengkaiensis, O. geminata, O. grahami, O. hainanensis, O. heatwolei, O. hejiangensis, O. hosii, O. huanggangensis, O. ichangensis, O. indeprensa, O. ishikawae, O. jingdongensis, O. junlianensis, O. kuangwuensis, O. kweichowensis, O. livida, O. lungshengensis, O. macrotympana, O. margaretae, O. monjerai, O. morafkai, O. mutschmanni, O. nanjiangensis, O. nasica, O. narina, O. nasuta, O. orba, O. sangzhiensis, O. schmackeri, O. splendida, O. sudianensis, O. supranarina, O. swinhoana, O. tiannanensis, O. versabilis, O. wuchuanensis, O. yentuensis, O. yizhangensis, and O. yunnanensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4DCB78DCBD507CB31EB01A4E265E47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pham, Cuong The;Hoang, Chung Van;Nguyen, Mai Hong Thi;Nguyen, Truong Quang;Ngo, Hai Ngoc;Le, Dzung Trung;Ziegler, Thomas	Pham, Cuong The, Hoang, Chung Van, Nguyen, Mai Hong Thi, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Ngo, Hai Ngoc, Le, Dzung Trung, Ziegler, Thomas (2026): A new species of Odorrana (Anura, Ranidae) from the limestone karst forest of northern Vietnam. ZooKeys 1280: 245-263, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1280.192981
